Renewed Approach Research Articles

New moderationism: medical discourses on alcohol and the decline of drunkenness in interwar Britain.

This article explores the significant yet underappreciated role of medical experts in consolidating the promotion of moderate drinking as a viable solution to Britain's alcohol problem during the interwar period. The country's experience with alcohol regulation in the First World War showed that widespread drunkenness could be effectively managed through policies that restricted the availability of alcohol and encouraged moderation. This realization weakened the political standing of the temperance movement, as support for alcohol prohibition and abstinence waned, leading to the liberalization of social attitudes towards drinking. Such circumstances facilitated the emergence of New Moderationism, a renewed policy approach that regarded moderate drinking as relatively benign while cautioning against the dangers of heavy consumption. Medical professionals provided the conceptual foundation for New Moderationism by reassessing several assumptions on alcohol's conflicting reputation as either a 'poison' or a 'food', its benefits to drinkers, and its potential to cause disease. These considerations led to the conclusion that alcohol policy should focus not on whether people should drink, but on how much. This study thus underscores the pivotal contribution of medical professionals in the evolution of the alcohol debate between the two world wars, revealing the transformative impact of expertise on policymaking and social change in modern Britain.

HOW TO BEGIN?

Through a practice-near unfolding of the research project Imagining (the Imagination of) the Other, I advocate for renewed approaches when it comes to inviting people who are not (yet) professional dancers into choreographic processes; rather than adapting or simplifying the work for all to join, I suggest delving into the complexity of the artistic proposal, allowing unforeseen logics to surface.

Nowe wyzwania w zakresie zwalczania przemytu migrantów w Unii Europejskiej

NEW CHALLENGES IN COMBATING MIGRANT SMUGGLING IN THE EUROPEAN UNIONMigrant smuggling is an international crime that threatens people’s lives, violates fundamental rights and disrupts the proper management of migration flows. Preventing and combating migrant smuggling is one of the important elements of the EU’s migration policy. The EU has been taking initiatives to combat this practice for many years. The article presents current legal and policy solutions that are used to combat migrant smuggling. In addition, the new legislation that the European Commission presented in November 2023 is also presented. The aim of these new proposals is to update and strengthen existing regulations to address new challenges posed by the continuously evolving modus operandi of smugglers. While the Union has taken significant steps in recent years in preventing and combating migrant smuggling, new challenges continue to emerge, necessitating intensified efforts and a renewed comprehensive approach in addition to the existing challenges.

Evaluation of Ports in Terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy: A Case Study

This study considers green port-based strategies that improve environmental performance in the context of urban areas and promote sustainable solutions to combat climate change. As an important component of the city, ports have a significant impact on socioeconomic development. In fact, given that ports in Turkey operate in limited spaces and city centers, pollution from port operations has a direct impact on both urban life and port workers. In recent years, the green port approach has become increasingly important within the scope of climate change adaptation programs. Particularly in Turkey, a large number of the ports are situated in the center of the city, which is bad for both the environment and community life. Although the Green Port Project in Turkey is currently voluntary, it will become a mandatory initiative in the coming periods due to Turkey's participation in the Paris Climate Agreement. In this study, the efforts to make Samsun Port, one of the important ports of Turkey, a green port are discussed. Studies on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation measures, renewable energy approaches and their impacts are mentioned. In addition, this study includes the evaluation of integrated management systems, adoption of renewable energy, sustainable waste management, and greenhouse gas emission calculations as important components of a large-capacity port in the Black Sea to contribute to regional development.

Transparency after Fish Legal: Private actors and access to environmental information in the United Kingdom

This article examines the meaning of ‘public authorities’ under the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 (EIR) since 2015, when it was decided in Fish Legal that private water companies in England and Wales are public authorities for EIR purposes. Whilst that decision was considered a victory for transparency as it now means that private water companies have a legal obligation to provide access to environmental information, this article argues that the tests established in Fish Legal have introduced a high threshold that relatively few other private bodies have met, despite performing what are arguably public functions. As a result, access to environmental information is effectively limited due to the increasing participation of the private sector in delivering public services. Through an examination of the decisions taken since Fish Legal, this article exposes the limitations of the current functional approach to designation and argues that a renewed approach to environmental transparency is needed to ensure that information and participation rights are not diminished by privatisation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma hosts cholinergic neural cells and tumoral hepatocytes harboring targetable muscarinic receptors

Background & aimsUnexplained interpatient variation and treatment failure in HCC prompt for renewed approaches. Hepatic neurons, belonging to the autonomic nervous system (ANS), mediate liver/whole body cross-talks. Pathological innervation of the ANS have been identified in cancer, nurturing tumor stroma and conferring stronger carcinogenic properties. MethodsWe characterized the innervation of liver tumors from the French Liver Biobank, then applied bioinformatics to the TCGA, several other datasets and a European validation cohort, to re-evaluate patient stratification. Cell biology and pharmacology studies were also done. ResultsDensely packed nucleated DCX+, synaptophysin+, NeuN+, VAChT+, TH-, CD31-, CD45- clusters, to date undetected, were identified in human HCCs, and independently confirmed by scRNA-seq data. Using the new concept of neuronal score, human and rat HCCs displayed tightly netrin-1-associated neural reconfiguration towards cholinergic polarity along with CLD progression, cancer onset and many features of aggressive (proliferative class) HCC, including shortened survival. This score was conditioned by tumoral hepatocytes, and predicted sorafenib efficacy in the STORM HCC phase 3 trial. Conversely, intratumoral adrenergic lymphocytes were enriched in TEMRA and cytotoxic phenotypes. Amongst all cholinergic transcripts, the medically-targeted CHRM3 receptor was enriched in HCC and associated with cells’ and tumors’ pathogenic traits, displayed adverse prognostic value by the log-rank test in HCC stages 1-2, while collapsing upon experimental re-differentiation. Its pharmacological inhibition by low concentrations of anticholinergic drugs, but not cholinomimetics, decreased anchorage-independent and anoikis growth, synergized with sorafenib and lenvatinib in HCC class 1 to 3 lines, yet not in primary human hepatocytes, and preserved mature hepatocytic functions. ConclusionThese data identify cholinergic processes as instrumental in liver carcinogenesis, and support the use of EMA/FDA-approved cholinergic drugs in HCC research. Impact and implicationsHCC care has long been hampered by the enigmatic nature of disease evolution, as well as of response or resistance to treatment. Hepatic neurons are likely the least studied liver cell type and mediate patients singularities to the organ in real-time. Cholinergic inputs identified in this study as pathogenic may be targeted with the well charted pharmacopoeia of neurotropic drugs already available, for basic or clinical research purposes, with an expected high level of safety.

Search with stochastic home returns can expedite classical first passage under resetting.

Classical first passage under resetting is a paradigm in the search process. Despite its multitude of applications across interdisciplinary sciences, experimental realizations of such resetting processes posit practical challenges in calibrating these zero time irreversible transitions. Here, we consider a strategy in which resetting is performed using finite-time return protocols in lieu of instantaneous returns. These controls could also be accompanied with random fluctuations or errors allowing target detection even during the return phase. To better understand the phenomena, we develop a unified renewal approach that can encapsulate arbitrary search processes centered around home in a fairly general topography containing targets, various resetting times, and return mechanisms in arbitrary dimensions. While such finite-time protocols would apparently seem to prolong the overall search time in comparison to the instantaneous resetting process, we show on the contrary that a significant speed-up can be gained by leveraging the stochasticity in homereturns. The formalism is then explored to reveal a universal criterion distilling the benefits of this strategy. We demonstrate how this general principle can be utilized to improve overall performance of a one-dimensional diffusive search process reinforced with experimentally feasible parameters. We believe that such strategies designed with inherent randomness can be made optimal with precise controllability in complex search processes.

Exploring stacking fault energy with the axial Ising model: A renewed approach

In this work we revisit the axial Ising model for computing intrinsic stacking fault energies (γISF), which are important in alloy design. We find that the supercell approach, which directly compares the energies of fcc stacking with and without a fault, is a specific solution of the Ising model and is the most elegant and efficient among the solutions of the same order of accuracy. Contrary to the traditional belief that only the supercell approach can capture the effect of local chemistry, we demonstrate that local chemistry also influences γISF in the axial Ising model. We also propose a new formula γISF=5EABABC−5EABC, which is similarly efficient, simpler, and more accurate compared to the widely used γISF=EAB+2EABAC−3EABC. We tested the new formula on pure Ni, Ni-Co alloys, and Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni high entropy alloys and found satisfactory results.

Experimental Comparison of Two Main Paradigms for Day-Ahead Average Carbon Intensity Forecasting in Power Grids: A Case Study in Australia

Accurate carbon intensity forecasts enable consumers to adjust their electricity use, reducing it during high fossil-fuel generation and increasing it when renewables dominate. Existing methods for carbon intensity forecasting can be categorized into a source-disaggregated approach (SDA), focused on delivering individual generation forecasts for each potential source (e.g., wind, brown-coal, etc.), and a source-aggregated approach (SAA), attempting to produce a single carbon intensity forecast for the entire system. This research aims to conduct a thorough comparison between SDA and SAA for carbon intensity forecasting, investigating the factors that contribute to variations in performance across two distinct real-world generation scenarios. By employing contemporary machine learning time-series forecasting models, and analyzing data from representative locations with varying fuel mixes and renewable penetration levels, this study provides insights into the key factors that differentiate the performance of each approach in a real-world setting. The results indicate the SAA proves to be more advantageous in scenarios involving increased renewable energy generation, with greater proportions and instances when renewable energy generation faces curtailment or atypical/peaking generation is brought online. While the SDA offers better model interpretability and outperforms in scenarios with increased niche energy generation types, in our experiments, it struggles to produce accurate forecasts when renewable outputs approach zero.

What We Learn From Comparison: Some Epistemological Remarks

This article deals with the comparisons between testimonies and theoretical works on Nazi and Soviet camps carried on within literary studies. Going beyond the debates about potentially antagonistic memories of those two regimes, the comparison contributes to decompartmentalizing research, infusing it with new dynamics and methods as well as the adoption of a renewed approach to the construction of knowledge. Indeed, by conducting textual comparisons rather than basing their research on the study of facts, the researchers in the field of literary studies were able to question narrative strategies and the positions of certain works within their host cultures. Debates on the generic aspects of literary testimonies have thus helped shift the focus from the specificity of the experiences they described to their status and form. The article then compares the two bodies of texts from the point of view of their possible use as historical sources, and analyzes a few examples of narrative strategies.

Integration and Characterization of Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer (PVA) with Graphite Oxide (GO) for Performance Assessment in Sustainable Electrochemical Devices

AbstractIn recent years, the demand for sustainable materials in electrochemical devices has driven the exploration of innovative composites. This study focuses on the integration and characterization of synthetic biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with graphite oxide (GO) to evaluate their performance in sustainable electrochemical applications. PVA, known for its biodegradability and biocompatibility, was combined with GO to leverage its excellent electrical conductivity and large surface area. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising electrochemical biosynthesis technology that harnesses the enzymatic activities using microbes to produce energy from organic substrates. This renewable energy approach relies on the synergistic interaction between electrochemically active bacteria and electrode materials to facilitate electron transfer and power generation. Applications of MFCs range from wastewater treatment to sustainable power generation in remote or resource-limited settings. This study explores recent advances in MFC technology, challenges in scaling up for practical applications, and prospects for integrating MFCs into renewable energy strategies. The nano composite membrane was evaluated for structural, morphological, crystalline, and thermal properties by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and UV- visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the biodegradability of the composite was assessed, confirming that it maintains its environmental benefits while offering improved performance for potential applications in sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. This work provides a promising avenue for the development of eco-friendly electrochemical devices with optimized performance characteristics.

An environmentally benign process to synthesize vanillin and other substituted phenyl aldehydes using natural phenylpropenes

The limited vanillin (3a) production from plant sources requires identifying some renewable and sustainable approaches for its synthesis. This study aimed to develop an efficient, eco-friendly process for synthesizing vanillin (3a) from eugenol (1a) and eugenol-rich essential oils. The chemical methodology for vanillin (3a) synthesis involved base-mediated isomerization of eugenol (1a) to isoeugenol (2a), followed by OsO4/NaIO4 mediated oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin (3a) using different additives such 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and substituted pyridines in reusable environment-friendly solvents. Use of 2,6-dimethylpyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine N-oxide as additives in the oxidation step offered a significantly higher product yield (vanillin 3a, 70 %). The process synthesized vanillin (3a) irrespective of the cis/ trans stereochemistry of isoeugenol (2a). The peculiarity of the method relates to converting eugenol (1a) to vanillin (3a) without phenolic group protection, which offers step economy. Besides efficient vanillin (3a) synthesis, the process's general implications involve converting other naturally occurring phenylpropenes or phenylpropenes-enriched oils to the corresponding phenyl aldehydes (59–82 % yield).

De novo Cu-MOF@CNS nanocomposite coated on a cotton fibrils framework for sustainable solar-driven desalination.

Environmental researchers are extremely concerned about addressing the declining availability of drinking water, which is a critical issue in many nations. Solar-driven desalination is an emerging and pioneering renewable approach to reduce potable water scarcity that is suitable for remote locations, developing countries, and disaster zones as it does not require additional energy supply. However, there are still issues with the scalable preparation of photothermal materials, such as achieving low cost and widening the assortment of useful applications. Conventional carbon- and metal-based absorbers are intricate and fragile, which make them difficult to install and transport in places with minimal infrastructure. Thus, a universal process for creating adaptable solar evaporators is sorely required. Herein, we have come up with a holistic approach using a solar absorber (GJ-01(Cal)) derived from a Cu-MOF (HKUST-1) and carbon nanosheets (CNSs) for generating potable water from saline water using solar radiation. The as-synthesized material provides high-performance photothermal water evaporation when illuminated under solar irradiation at the air-water interface. Moreover, its porous structure, high photothermal conversion efficiency, rapid water flow, and heat insulation make it appropriate for saline water desalination. CNS play a pivotal role in improving the photothermal features of the solar absorber (GJ-01(Cal)) in terms of conjugation to promote Cu(0) species and pyrrolic nitrogen (P-N) amplification and thereby enrich the p-type nature of the absorber's triphasic configuration. With these photothermal factors, the localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of electrons increases and achieves high solar spectrum absorption. The GJ-01(Cal) was further coated on porous cotton fibrils (CF) that regulate photothermal interfacial evaporation (PTIE) by allowing water transportation via capillary action. This assemblage of the nanocomposite on CF efficiently evaporates water at a higher surface temperature of ∼47 °C under one solar illumination, achieving 4.23 kg m-2 h-1 of evaporation flux and 96.5% light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Interestingly, the GJ-01(Cal) coated over CF can be recycled at least 10 times. Additionally, it offers scalable production for higher photothermal efficiency with a flexible substrate as a solar evaporator and is beneficial for society paving new horizons towards a sustainable environment.

Enhanced biodegradation of lignin and lignocellulose constituents in the pulp and paper industry black liquor using integrated magnetite nanoparticles/bacterial assemblage

The study was designed to explore the efficiency of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs)/bacterial cell assembly to biodegrade lignin and lignocellulose, decontaminate pulp and paper-contaminated wastewater and optimize lignin adsorption by Fe3O4 NPs. Water samples were collected from three paper and carton manufacturing companies, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Pseudomonas otitidis MCC10330, the most active and promising strain among 10 previously screened indigenous and exogenous isolates, was selected and decorated with magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, that were prepared by the co-precipitation method, characterized and used to decontaminate paper and pulp effluent in a batch mode bioassay for 4 h. Fe3O4 NPs/bacterial cell assembly achieved the highest removals (64.1, 52.0, 54.3 and 66.6%) of TSS, COD, BOD, and Total Tannin and Lignin after 1, 4 and 4 h, reaching residual concentrations (RCs) of 322, 216, 112 and 7 mg/L, which are still slightly higher (5.35, 2.7 and 1.86-fold) than their maximum permissible limits (MPLs), respectively. RCs of pH, DO and TDS in the treated effluent are accepted for safe discharging. Maximum lignin adsorption and removal (82.14%) using Fe3O4 NPs was achieved at the optimized conditions (pH 6, Fe3O4 NPs dosage of 100 mg and 10 min contact time). Results confirmed that the proposed magnetite-coated Pseudomonas otitidis treatment system is highly efficient and recommended to treat the highly contaminated pulp and paper wastewater. Also, as far as we know, this integrated assemblage is the first time to be used as a novel, very promising, eco-friendly, renewable and economical biotechnological approach to minimize/eliminate the involved pollutants with the least running time.

Aerodynamic Characterization of a Hypersonic Projectile Using Acceleration-Based Measurements and Numerical Methods

Armor-piercing fin-stabilized projectiles stand out by their exceptionally high slenderness ratios and ground-level flight at super- and hypersonic speeds. As space constraints limit the integration of measurement equipment into such slender test models, nonintrusive measurement techniques become favorable. The present analysis demonstrates a renewed approach to the free-flight technique, which sets models into unconstrained flight through the test section. It enabled the evaluation of the quasi-steady drag, lift, and pitching moment characteristics, and, to some extent, also the dynamic pitch damping characteristics. An alternative to the free-flight technique is the free-oscillation technique, which limits the motion to a rotation around the center of gravity. The free-oscillation technique allowed a higher-fidelity analysis of the static and dynamic pitching moments. Both methods were based on the analysis of the accelerations derived from trajectory tracking. This acceleration-based approach enabled the evaluation of the highly nonlinear characteristics. The high slenderness of the investigated projectile leads to a significant contribution of the viscous forces to the overall drag. These viscous forces are sensitive to the laminar-turbulent boundary-layer state, as well as the thermal boundary conditions. The application of a high-resolution schlieren system enabled the assessment of the local laminar-turbulent boundary-layer state, while the use of low- and high-enthalpy testing facilities enabled the assessment of the aerothermal influence. Steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations, which included laminar-turbulent transition modeling, were employed to replicate the results of the experimental efforts.

Multilevel systemic engineering of Bacillus licheniformis for efficient production of acetoin from lignocellulosic hydrolysates

Bio-refining lignocellulosic resource offers a renewable and sustainable approach for producing biofuels and biochemicals. However, the conversion efficiency of lignocellulosic resource is still challenging due to the intrinsic inefficiency in co-utilization of xylose and glucose. In this study, the industrial bacterium Bacillus licheniformis was engineered for biorefining lignocellulosic resource to produce acetoin. First, adaptive evolution was conducted to improve acetoin tolerance, leading to a 19.6 % increase in acetoin production. Then, ARTP mutagenesis and 60Co-γ irradiation was carried out to enhance the production of acetoin, obtaining 73.0 g/L acetoin from glucose. Further, xylose uptake and xylose utilization pathway were rewired to facilitate the co-utilization of xylose and glucose, enabling the production of 60.6 g/L acetoin from glucose and xylose mixtures. Finally, this efficient cell factory was utilized for acetoin production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates with the highest titer of 68.3 g/L in fed-batch fermentation. This strategy described here holds great applied potential in the biorefinery of lignocellulose for the efficient synthesis of high-value chemicals.

Copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate based metal organic framework (MOF) derived CuO/TiO2 nanofibers and their use as visible light active photocatalyst for the hydrogen production

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation through water splitting offers a sustainable and renewable approach to producing green and clean hydrogen fuel. However, it is crucial to explore low-cost semiconductor photocatalysts that can effectively capture a broad range of solar radiation. The present study aims to develop photocatalytic CuO/TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) with homogeneity of copper with titanium in the heterostructures through the metal–organic framework (MOF) assisted strategy via the electrospinning and subsequent calcination approach. The new methodology enables the fabrication of CuO-modified TiO2 NFs based on HKUST-1 (copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-1) as Cu-MOF varying the amounts of HKUST-1. Ultraviolet–visible light diffuses reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy are employed to assess the structural and morphological characteristics of the prepared NFs. The characterization revealed that the CuO-TiO2 NFs heterostructure was uniform. The bandgaps of the CuO-TiO2 NFs ranged from 3.08 to 2.83 eV based on the Kubelka–Munk function, which is considerable for improving the light-harvesting capacity. The photocurrent technique is used to confirm efficiency in charge separation and transfer, as well as a longer lifetime of photo-generated charge carriers effect in photocatalytic activity. In addition, density functional theory calculations were performed to analyze the impact of CuO on the geometric, electronic structure and photocatalytic properties of TiO2. The CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst containing 1.5 mol% of CuO exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The hydrogen production rate was exceptional at 45.6 mmol·g−1·h−1, which was a remarkable 400 times higher than that achieved with pure TiO2 nanofibers. Owing to the one-dimensionality of nanostructures, the prepared CuO-based TiO2 NFs had high recyclability without lessening the efficiencies of photocatalytic activity.

The Impact of Climate Change on Solar Radiation and Photovoltaic Energy Yields in China

Solar photovoltaics is a direct use of solar resources to generate electricity, which is one of the most important renewable energy application approaches. Regional PV output could be affected by the regional patterns of temperature and irradiance, which are impacted by climate change. This study examines the impact of climate change on the energy yields from solar PV across China in the future under the medium-emission scenario (SSP245) and high-emission scenario (SSP585) by calculating PV potential using the data of solar radiation on a tilted surface and temperature. Generally, under the SSP245 scenario, solar radiation increased by 0.8% and 2.15%, and PV energy yields increased by 0.28% and 1.21% in 2020–2060 and 2061–2099, respectively; under the SSP585 scenario, solar radiation increased by 0.73% and 1.35%, and PV energy yields increased by 0.04% and −1.21% in 2020–2060 and 2061–2099, respectively. Under both scenarios, PV energy potential showed an obvious increase in southeast and central China and a significant decrease in northwest China, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia. Therefore, it is suggested that under the medium-emission scenario, climate change could increase the PV energy potential, while under the high-emission scenario, it could inhibit the PV energy potential in China.

„სამეწარმეო არაფორმალური განათლების ეფექტიანობა და განვითარების შესაძლებლობები“ საქართველოს მაგალითზე

This article focuses on the issue of informal entrepreneurial education. Specifically, it aims to understand the perceptions and opinions of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs about informal education, the impact of the education received on entrepreneurs, and the areas where entrepreneurs need education and skill enhancement. The article is based on research on informal entrepreneurial education involving entrepreneurs from various regions of Georgia. Their activities are related to food, handmade items and accessories, traditional Georgian crafts, textiles, eco-friendly wooden products, beauty, and other industries. This research aims to deepen our understanding of the needs and challenges related to informal entrepreneurial education, such as the alignment of practice and theory in the real-world "here and now" context. The research findings reveal that entrepreneurs place significant importance on entrepreneurial education and emphasize its necessity. However, they also note that the duration of educational programs is often insufficient, and the content could be broader, making it easier to tailor specifically to their entrepreneurial activities. Additionally, terminological barriers are common, hindering content comprehension and assimilation. The research highlights the need for entrepreneurs to gain more practical experience and share the experiences of other entrepreneurs along with methodological knowledge. The research results can be related to the theories discussed in the works of American social psychologist Albert Bandura and can form the basis for renewed teaching approaches. The article emphasizes that entrepreneurship is a multifaceted phenomenon, and consequently, informal entrepreneurial education requires a comprehensive paradigm and appropriate educational methods based on practical teaching. Practicing entrepreneurs should be involved in the teaching process to share their real-world experiences, including both successes and failures.

Construction of g-C3N4/BiOCl hybrids via hydrothermal synthesis for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline, Rhodamine B, and Nitenpyram

A photocatalysis system is widely regarded as the most renewable approach to environmental treatment since sunlight is a long-term source of energy for the planet. This study assessed the efficacy of a photocatalyst graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth oxychloride (g-C3N4/BiOCl) by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photo-luminance, photocurrent density, and X-ray diffraction to characterize the photocatalyst. The results showed an improvement in morphology and enhanced photodegradation of pharmaceutical residues such as Nitenpyram, Tetracycline, and Rhodamine B. For a wavelength range of 655 to 420 nm, the synthesized photocatalysts were good at the absorption of visible light. A photodegradation proficiency of 64.72% was observed with tetracycline, 48.91% nitenpyram, and 98.70% with Rhodamine B in 30 min. The g-C3N4/BiOCl displayed a significant photocatalytic activity due to high load separation and transition. This study shows that g-C3N4/BiOCl photocatalyst has been confirmed as one of the most intriguing contenders for innovative photocatalyst designs and can potentially be used in treating wastewater and the environment at large.