Removal Of Cadmium Ions Research Articles

Adsorptive removal of hazardous cadmium ions from aqueous media using low-rank Pakistani coal

Water is essential for all life forms, serving as the fundamental element for biological processes and sustaining ecosystems. Cadmium ions (Cd II) are highly toxic and are often found in industrial effluents, polluting water, soil, and the atmosphere. This study investigates low-rank Pakistani coal (LRPC) as an adsorbent for removing Cd (II) from wastewater. Characterization of LRPC was carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These techniques demonstrated changes in the adsorbent’s properties after Cd (II) adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out systematically to study the effects of exposure time, pH, adsorbent mass, temperature, and initial concentration of metal ions. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.99, best described the adsorption process. 90% removal was achieved within 70 min at pH 5, using 0.5 grams of adsorbent for 10 mL of 8.896 × 10−³ mol/L cadmium solution. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm exhibited the best fit to the adsorption data, with a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.99. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the process was non-spontaneous and endothermic, with a sorption energy of 4.09 kJ/mol suggesting a physisorption mechanism. The impact of foreign ions and desorption was also evaluated. The novelty of this study lies in its exploration of using low-cost LRPC as an effective adsorbent for removing toxic cadmium metal from wastewater. The findings show that coal can be used as an economical and effective biosorbent to remove Cd (II), aiding in environmental cleanup initiatives.

New functionalized magnetite chitosan–heterocyclic nanocomposites excelling in Cd2+ removal from aqueous solution with biological activity

Newly modified magnetic chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized for the high-efficiency removal of cadmium ions from aquatic environments. The structure and morphology of the composites were confirmed using FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, SAED pattern analysis, and zeta potential. Under optimal conditions (pH = 6.0, contact time = 120 min, and sorbent dosage = 0.005 g/100 mL), the maximum removal of Cd (II) by synthesized samples MC, SA, and SB was 90.8%, 95%, and 95.15%, respectively. The kinetic data at optimal pH = 6 could be accurately described using a pseudo-second-order equation, while the Langmuir isotherm model best represented the sorption process. The Langmuir Qmax values for the synthesized nanocomposites S*, S3, S4, S*t, S3t, and S4t were 243.90, 250, 270.27, 212.76, 237.09, and 238.09, respectively. The thermodynamic analysis of these samples shows that the sorption process was exothermic (negative ∆H°) − 15.148, − 13.60, − 13.18, − 18.163, − 16.820, and − 16.06 kJmol−1, respectively. This implies that the diffusion of Cd(II) on the sorbent decreased with the temperature rise. The positive values of ΔS⁰ were 152.37, 147.80, 146.83, 160.94, 157.08, and 154.93 kJmol−1, respectively. The antimicrobial properties of the functionalized sorbents SA and SB were evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, representing Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. SA and SB showed promising activity, demonstrating clear zones of (20 ± 0.2 and 18 ± 0.4 mm), and (22 ± 0.2 and 20 ± 0.4 mm) for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Additionally, these sorbents demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, with the highest scavenging percentages of 94.20% and 96.63%, respectively, at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, as assessed by the DPPH method.

Modified biochar with nanoscale zero-valent zinc, sodium citrate, and carboxymethyl cellulose as effective adsorbents for the removal of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions

Modified biochar with nanoscale zero-valent zinc, sodium citrate, and carboxymethyl cellulose as effective adsorbents for the removal of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions

A novel biowaste-derived magnetic adsorbent for efficient removal of cadmium, cobalt and strontium ions from industrial wastewater

A novel biowaste-derived magnetic adsorbent for efficient removal of cadmium, cobalt and strontium ions from industrial wastewater

Low temperature synthesis of carbon-based adsorbents from cellulose or biomass solid waste and its evaluation of cadmium ions removal from water

Low temperature synthesis of carbon-based adsorbents from cellulose or biomass solid waste and its evaluation of cadmium ions removal from water

Application of arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna) bark for adsorptive removal of cadmium (II) ions from simulated water

The goal of this study was to prepare affordable, easily accessible, and ecologically friendly adsorbent from arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) bark and used to remove cadmium ions from simulated water. To study the influence of various experimental variables such as pH (2–8), adsorbent dose (0.01–0.04 g/50mL cadmium solution), contact time (10–100 min), and initial metal concentration (10–100 mg/L); batch experiments were performed. The characterization of the adsorbent was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Utilising atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), the concentration of Cd(II) in an aqueous solution was determined. The arjuna bark adosorbent showed the maximum removal capacity of 72% at optimized pH 6. The experimental data revealed that Freundlich isotherm model fitted well as compared to Langmuir model. The positive ΔH indicates that the adsorption of Cd(II) was endothermic. The present study demonstrated that treated powdered Arjuna bark adsorbent could effectively remediate cadmium ions contaminated water.

Development of Mn3(PO4)2 nanoplates assisted treatment strategy for the removal of cadmium from synthetic domestic wastewater

This study reports an adsorption treatment strategy for the removal of cadmium ions from wastewater using manganese (II) phosphate nanoplates (Mn3(PO4)2 NP) as adsorbent. The proposed method was combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry to aid in quantification. Different concentrations of cadmium were spiked to synthetic domestic wastewater and applying the optimized treatment conditions yielded removal efficiency values in the range of 82–99%. An adsorption capacity (q e) of 16.4 mg/g was calculated for 25 mg/L Cd2+ under the optimum conditions of pH 9.0, 50 mg Mn3(PO4)2 NP and 60 s mixing by ultrasonication. Equilibrium values obtained using four types of Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were modeled mathematically, and the results showed that the Type 1 isotherm model fitted well with the experimental data. According to these results, the maximum adsorption capacity (q m) was calculated as 20.01 mg/g at optimum conditions. Removal efficiency and the established equilibrium between the adsorbent and the adsorbate validated Mn3(PO4)2 NPs as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from wastewater.

Cadmium ion (Cd+2) removal from produced water using ion technique: Amberlite IR-120H and modified amberlite IRA-400 Cl- resins

This study to characterizing the physical and chemical properties of the produced water in Nafoora field, Gulf Company in the Libyan, also, level of concentrations of selected heavy metals have been measured. To do that, different techniques have used. Results have showed pH, Conductivity, salinity, TDS, and turbidity levels were 6.2 ± 0.19; 1473 µS/cm; 1.8; 79000 mg/l; and 40± 4.18 NTU respectively. The levels of the anions ranged as follows: Cl- (15300 mg/l); NO3- (1 mg/l) and SO42- (120 mg/L). While the concentration of some ions metals were found as follows: K+ (1400 mg/l); Na+ (360000 mg/L) and Ca+2 (8570 mg/l). Some heavy metals were also estimated and found as follows: Cd (1.2 mg/l); Fe (3.1 mg/l); Cu (2.3 mg/l); Ni (0.3 mg/l) and Pb (0.1 mg/l). Ion exchange technique was used to remove the cadmium metal ion from produced water using Amberlite IR-120H and modified Amberlite IRA-400 Cl resins. Optimization pH, temperature and contact time using lame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) approach for measuring the concentrations of Cd ion. Experiments showed that the Amberlite IR-120H resin has maximum removal efficiency for Cd at pH 7, 80 oC and 30 min respectively, while pH 7, 80 oC and 120 min are the most appropriate conditions for modified Amberlite IRA-400 Cl- resin. The results obtained show that the Amberlite IR 120 H as a strong cation-exchange resin has greater Cd removal ability (96.3%) and fast as compared to the modified Amberlite IRA-400 Cl- resin (73%).

Design and characterize ion-imprinted smart polymers from carboxymethyl chitosan for selective removal of cadmium (II) ions

Ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) selectively extract target metal ions using ion-matched functional cavities, which can capture the target metal ion among other interfering metal ions with similar physical and chemical properties. This work developed polymers containing memory sites for cadmium ions for extraction from aqueous solutions using ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) technology. The ability of chitosan to bind to target cadmium (II) ions was enhanced by modifying it to carboxymethyl chitosan and using the latter as the polymer matrix, acetic acid solution as the porogen solvent, and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The analytical efficiency of IIP adsorption of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions was studied, and the selectivity of the IIP for cadmium ions in a mixture of heavy metal ions was studied. Crosslinking was performed in the presence of cadmium ions for IIPs and in the absence of cadmium ions for non-imprinted polymers (NIPs). IIPs offer advantages such as ease of preparation, consistent hole size, polymer structure stability, environmental stability, and strong presentability. Infrared spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate carboxymethyl chitosan, IIP, and NIP, and X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the crystalline properties. The polymers were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the surface properties of the IIP. The effect of time and pH on sample loading was investigated. IIP has excellent loading capacity for cadmium ions and high selectivity for Cd2+ when other competing ions such as Pb2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ are present. Chitosan and NIP were non-selective.Graphical

Fixed-Bed Columns of Avocado (Persea americana Hass.) Seed and Peel Biomass as a Retainer for Contaminating Metals

This study evaluated the adsorbent capacity of the Ecuadorian avocado (Persea americana Hass.) seed and peel wastes as an alternative method for cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) ion removal from aqueous solutions. The laboratory microscale process was performed using fixed-bed columns containing 1 g of 600 μm particles of biomaterial pretreated with ethanol and ethylene glycol. Subsequently, metal solutions of different concentrations were eluted and measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that fixed-bed columns allow efficient adsorption of Pb (2.6 mg/g) with ethanol pretreatment. Lower adsorption capacity was achieved for Cd, Hg, and Ni ions. Favorable adsorption with high retention capacity was found for Pb+2 for the ethanol pretreated bio-adsorbent at higher concentrations (120 mg/L). Lower removal percentages were found for Cd+2, Hg+2, and Ni+2; Ni showed the lowest adsorption capacities and negative RL values, suggesting inefficient adsorbent development. Regeneration of Cd, Hg, and Pb ions from avocado peel and seed showed the highest recovery when 1 mol/L HCl solution was used. Regarding the adsorption isotherms, the Langmuir model was the one that best fit our data, demonstrating that adsorption takes place in a uniform monolayer and that each contaminant ion occupies a single site.

A novel metal–organic coordination compounds derived carbon for efficient cadmium ion removal: Enhanced performance through oxygen functional groups

A novel metal–organic coordination compounds derived carbon for efficient cadmium ion removal: Enhanced performance through oxygen functional groups

Removal of Cadmium (II) Ions by Beaded Materials of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) Modified with Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

Removal of Cadmium (II) Ions by Beaded Materials of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) Modified with Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)

Removal of cadmium ions from synthetic wastewater samples by copper ferrite magnetic nanoparticle-assisted batch-type adsorption-based removal strategy.

Industrial activities can release a variety of harmful substances, including organic and inorganic components, into the environment. Inadequate treatment and discharge of these pollutants into aquatic environments might have adverse effects. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element found in various environmental sources, both anthropogenic and geogenic, which can contaminate soils and groundwater crucial for providing healthy food and safe drinking water. This study aimed to develop a novel strategy by the help of nano-sized adsorbents to remove cadmium ions from wastewater through batch-type adsorption processes. CuFe2O4 nanoparticles having high magnetic properties were synthesized using a co-precipitation process for the efficient removal of analyte. Characterization of the nanomaterial was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Method effective parameters were systematically optimized through univariate experiments to find proper conditions for the improvement of interaction between the adsorbent and cadmium ions. Removal efficiency (%RE) of Cd was assessed by using synthetic wastewater samples, and the accuracy/practicability of the recommended method proved highly efficient within the linear range of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). In addition, the Langmuir isotherm model was applied to the experimental data, and the effective adsorption of cadmium from synthetic wastewater by the magnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles was proved.

AlCrO3-grafted g-C3N4 composite for cadmium ions removal: A paradigm shift in environmental remediation

AlCrO3-grafted g-C3N4 composite for cadmium ions removal: A paradigm shift in environmental remediation

 Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Schiff Base and Cu(II) Complex from Shrimp Shells and its Application on Catalysis and Bio-sorption

In recent years, metal complexes and biopolymers have gained significant attention in environmental applications such as catalysis and heavy metal removal. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, is well-known for its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and strong metal ion affinity, which can be further enhanced through Schiff bases to improve its catalytic and adsorption capabilities. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate whether Cu(II) complex of Chitosan Salicylaldehyde Schiff Base CSSB-Cu(II) can act as an efficient catalyst in hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction and to find out the raw absorbent which has the highest Cadmium ion removal efficiency from among the absorbents Chitin (CT), Chitosan (CS) and Chitosan Salicylaldehyde Schiff Base (CSSB). CSSB was synthesized using the Schiff condensation reaction between the amino group of CS and the carbonyl compound of salicylaldehyde with the elimination of water molecules and it was complexed with Cu(II) ion to produce CSSB-Cu(II) complex. The catalytic effect of the CSSB-Cu(II) complex on the kinetics of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was investigated and compared with CSSB. CSSB-Cu(II) showed a better catalytic effect than CSSB and has a pseudo-first-order catalytic decomposition for H2 O2 . CT, CS, and CSSB were investigated as adsorbents for the Cd(II) removal to determine their cadmium removal efficiencies. This study concludes that the removal efficiency of CSSB was greater than that of CS and CT. The equilibrium data agreed more with the Langmuir model than with the Freundlich model. The IR and electronic spectral data confirm the presence of an imine bond and the existence of the complex in square planar geometry.

Synergistic Effect of Chemical and Physical Treatments on Azolla pinnata for Cadmium Ions Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Systems

Synergistic Effect of Chemical and Physical Treatments on Azolla pinnata for Cadmium Ions Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Systems

Development an effective adsorptive treatment strategy for the removal of cadmium from textile wastewater by CuBi2O4@Fe3O4 nanocomposites

In this study, copper-bismuth oxide/iron oxide (CuBi2O4@Fe3O4) nanocomposites were prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis and used as adsorbents for the adsorptive removal of cadmium from textile wastewater. The pH/volume of buffer solution, mixing type/period and adsorbent dosage were optimized univariately to enhance the removal efficiency of the adsorbent and determined as 1.5 mL of pH 8.0 buffer solution, vortexing for 60s, and 30 mg of CuBi2O4@Fe3O4 nanocomposite material. Following the determination of the optimum parameters, equilibrium adsorption studies were performed at five different initial concentrations of cadmium within the range of 0.50 − 10 mg L−1 in textile wastewater. A matrix-matching calibration strategy was utilized for the accurate and precise quantification of cadmium in the wastewater matrix with a R 2 value of 0.9961. The percent removal efficiencies were calculated within the range of 77.2 − 81.5% for the adsorptive removal of cadmium ions from textile wastewater in the equilibrium adsorption experiments. Furthermore, the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips adsorption isotherm models were employed for modeling the equilibrium data, and the results showed that all the models fitted well with the experimental data with R2 values higher than 0.99. The simple and efficient batch adsorption process developed was successfully utilized to remove cadmium ions from textile wastewater.

Removal of Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Ions by Adsorption Method using Chitosan from Fish Scales and its Application in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment

Removal of Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Ions by Adsorption Method using Chitosan from Fish Scales and its Application in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment

Microwave-assisted synthesis of γ-alooh nanoflowers as an adsorbent for cadmium removal from domestic wastewater.

In this study, cadmium ions were effectively removed from domestic wastewaters using an adsorptive treatment strategy based on γ-AlOOH nanoflowers. A novel, rapid, and simple procedure was developed for the synthesis of the nanoflowers. Characterization studies were performed using X-ray powder diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope images. The synthesized nanoflowers were utilized as adsorbent in the batch adsorption experiments. The influential parameters of the adsorption process were optimized, and a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) system was used to determine maximum percent removal of cadmium ions. Matrix-matched calibration strategy, in which the calibration plot was developed in wastewater medium, was utilized for the accurate and precise quantification of cadmium in the effluent samples. The percentage removal efficiency values were calculated between 84 and 98% for different concentrations of cadmium ions in the wastewater samples. Equilibrium data was fitted to the four different linearization methods of the Langmuir isotherm model, as well as the Freundlich isotherm model and Elovich isotherm model. The best fitting was achieved for the Langmuir model with a high R2 value of 0.9956 and maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 6.23mg/g.

Use of Chitosan-Iron Oxide Gels for the Removal of Cd2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions.

High-quality water availability is substantial for sustaining life, so its contamination presents a serious problem that has been the focus of several studies. The presence of heavy metals, such as cadmium, is frequently studied due to the increase in the contamination levels caused by fast industrial expansion. Cadmium ions were removed from aqueous solutions at pH 7.0 by chitosan-magnetite (ChM) xerogel beads and chitosan-FeO (ChF) xerogel beads in batch systems. Kinetic studies were best modeled by the Elovich model. The adsorption isotherms obtained showed an inflection point suggesting the formation of a second layer, and the BET model adjusted to liquid-solid systems was adequate for the description of the experimental data. Maximum uptake capacities of 36.97 ± 0.77 and 28.60 ± 2.09 mg Cd/g xerogel were obtained for ChM and ChF, respectively. The studied composites are considered promising adsorbent materials for removing cadmium ions from aqueous systems.