Removal Of Rhodamine Research Articles

Performance of inactivated Aspergillus oryzae cells on dye removal in aqueous solutions

Aspergillus oryzae dead cells were evaluated as potential and low-cost biosorbents for removing dye in aqueous solutions. The removal of Rhodamine B (RB), Methylene Blue (MB) and Methyl Orange (MO) dyes at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 300 mg mL−1) was evaluated using 2 g L−1 of dry biosorbent. After 48 h, the biosorbent was able to adsorb all studied dyes. Pseudo first’s kinetic model achieved optimal goodness of fit to the experimental data for RB and MO dyes, and Elovich’s kinetic model for MB dye. Sips’ model also reached optimal goodness of fit to the experimental data obtained for MO, and Freundlich’s model was better fit to the experimental data on RB and MB dyes due to n > 1, thus indicating a favorable adsorption process. Therefore, optimization tests of the biosorption process were carried out in order to find the biosorbent efficiency in removing RB. The effects of parameters, such as solution pH, temperature and biosorbent dosage were evaluated as regards adsorptive capacity using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The statistical analysis indicated that optimal adsorptive capacity qt= 11.53 mg/g can be achieved using 0.05 g L−1 of biosorbent at pH 6.0 and 54.9°C. These results suggest that A. oryzae dead cells have great potential to be used as dye biosorbents in aqueous solutions.

Synthesis of TiO2 Photoelectrode Nanostructures for Sensing and Removing Textile Compounds Rhodamine B

The study of the sensing and removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) textile compounds is the photoelectrocatalytic system applications development. RhB was used as a model to study the performance of TiO2 (NTiO2) photoelectrode nanostructures as environmentally friendly sensors. The synthesis of NTiO2 was carried out on the surface of the Titanium electrode by applying a potential bias of 25.0 V. The NTiO2 formed on the surface of the Titanium electrode (NTiO2/Ti) was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). The formation of NTiO2 is characterized by the formation of a honeycomb-like tube on the Ti electrode surface. In addition, it is strengthened by diffractogram peaks at 2ϴ = 25 o and 48 o and IR absorption at wavenumbers of 3441.01 cm-1 (-OH groups) and 1629.85 cm-1 (Ti-O group). As for the results of sensing RhB using CV, it is known that RhB is oxidized on the surface of NTiO2/Ti with a value of Ea = 1.54 V. The oxidation process that occurs is controlled by the diffusion rate. Based on the results of photoelectrocatalytic RhB removal for 60 minutes, it was shown that using 0.10 M NaCl support electrolyte effectively increased the RhB removal rate. The decrease in RhB concentration during the photoelectrocatalytic removal process was 74.21%.

\u03b1-Fe2O3/graphene oxide powder and thin film nanocomposites as peculiar photocatalysts for dye removal from wastewater

In this study, hematite graphene oxide (αFe2O3-GO) powder nanocomposites and thin-film hematite graphene oxide (αFe2O3-GO) were synthesized for application in the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) from textile wastewater. αFe2O3-GO nanomaterials were placed onto the FTO substrate to form a thin layer of nanocomposites. Different analysis including XRD, FTIR, Raman spectra, XPS, and FESEM were done to analyze the morphology, structure, and properties of the synthesized composites as well as the chemical interactions of αFe2O3 with GO. The photocatalytic performance of two synthesized composites was compared with different concentrations of αFe2O3-GO. The results showed that powder nanocomposites are more effective than thin-film composites for the removal of RhB dye. αFe2O3-GO-5% powder nanocomposites removed over 64% of dye while thin-film nanocomposites had less removal efficiencies with just under 47% removal rate. The reusability test was done for both materials in which αFe2O3-GO-5% powder nanocomposites removed a higher rate of dye (up to 63%) in more cycles (6 cycles).

3D Printing and Chemical Dealloying of a Hierarchically Micro- and Nanoporous Catalyst for Wastewater Purification.

Hierarchically porous-structured materials show tremendous potential for catalytic applications. In this work, a facile method through the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing and chemical dealloying was employed to synthesize a nanoporous-copper-encapsulating microporous-diamond-cellular-structure (NPC@DCS) catalyst. The developed NPC@DCS catalyst was utilized as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like catalyst where its catalytic applications in the remediation of organic wastewater were exemplified. The experimental results demonstrated that the NPC@DCS catalyst possessed a remarkable degradation efficiency in the removal of rhodamine B with a reaction rate of 8.24 × 10-2 min-1 and displayed attractive stability, durability, mineralization capability, and versatility. This work not only manifests the applicability of the proposed NPC@DCS catalyst for wastewater purification in practical applications but also is anticipated to inspire the incorporation of the 3D printing technology and chemical synthesis to design high-performance metal catalysts with tunable hierarchical micro- and nanopores for functional applications.

Influence of solution electrical conductivity and ionic composition on the performance of a gas–liquid pulsed spark discharge reactor for water treatment

The influence of solution electrical conductivity and ion composition on the performance of plasma reactors for water treatment applications is only partially understood. This study uses a point–point discharge over the surface of water in argon gas to determine the influence of solution conductivity, in the range of 0.3–45 mS/cm, on the physiochemical properties of spark discharges and the removal of two organic contaminants: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Rhodamine B dye. The influence of various ions was also explored using chlorine and non-chlorine salts to adjust solution conductivity. The removal of PFOA increased with conductivity regardless of the salt type due to the salting out effect which increased PFOA's interfacial concentration. The removal of Rhodamine B dye depended on both salt type and solution electrical conductivity. In the presence of non-chorine salts, UV photolysis was the main mechanism for the dye degradation and its removal rate did not change with conductivity. The dye removal rate was the highest in the presence of chloride-based salts at the highest values of solution conductivities. In the presence of chorine salts, OH radicals are produced by the discharge generated hypochlorous acid, which is mixed into the bulk solution to react with the Rhodamine B dye. The generation rate of hydroxyl radicals appears to decrease with increasing solution conductivity, and these species are not directly involved in the degradation of the two compounds investigated in this study.

Adsorptive performance of MWCNTs for simultaneous cationic and anionic dyes removal; kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherm study.

Disposal of contaminated wastewater causes many serious problems especially when it gets mixed with the ground and seawater. It is, therefore, important to apply any remedial action to eradicate dangerous pollutants from the aqueous effluents and to avoid exposure of this wastewater to aquatic life. The research results discussed herein deal with the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo Red (CR) dye from wastewater by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent. Different factors like solid dosage, initial pH and concentration, time, and temperature were studied to understand the behavior and mechanism of adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity in case of a single component system was found to be 302 mg/g and 300 mg/g for Congo Red and Rhodamine B, respectively. Moreover, the mechanism of adsorption was best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of CR and RhB was exothermic when these were removed from a single dye system. However, the overall process became endothermic for concurrent removal of both dyes from the solution. The research results showed that the MWCNTs could successfully be utilized to remove the dye from the industrial wastewater.

Swelling Behaviour of Starch-g-Acrylic Acid Hydrogel and its Potential Application in Removal of Rhodamine B and Alkali Blue Dyes

Starch-g-acrylic acid hydrogel was prepared by free radical polymerization technique adopting potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator and N’N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a linking agent. The aim of the research is to inspect the potentials of starch-based hydrogel in remediating wastewater. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to find the formation of hydrogel while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for the characterization of the hydrogel. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed hydrogel formation. The DSC results showed that the generated hydrogel is thermally stable, and the SEM depicts a good porous site for dye adsorption. Batch adsorption for Rhodamine B (RDB) and Alkali blue (AB) dyes under the variation of contact time was 105 minutes for both dyes with percentage removal of 89.80 and 60.32%, adsorbent dose was 0.4 and 0.8 g with percentage removal of 86.42 and 57.95%, concentration was 50 and 30 ppm with percentage removal of 67.01 and 77.18% and pH was 8 for both dyes with percentage removal of 77.43 and 79.13% as the optimum. The results indicates that acrylic acid monomer was efficiently grafted on the starch, and the adsorption method correlated with Freundlich isotherm equation. It was concluded that the starch-based hydrogel is an appropriate adsorbent and can be explored for industrial wastewater treatment.

Removal of rhodamine from aqueous solutions using natural zeolite

Removal of rhodamine from aqueous solutions using natural zeolite

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by stalk corn activated carbon: adsorption and kinetic study

Removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution by stalk corn activated carbon: adsorption and kinetic study

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic study of solvothermally grown CTAB-capped Bi2WO6 photocatalyst toward photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye

Fabrication of CTAB capped Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalyst via a solvothermal route has been reported. The addition of surfactant remarkably affects the morphology and the photoactivity of the photocatalyst. The 0.20CTAB-Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalyst, with flower-like morphology and low charge carrier recombination rate, provides 100% removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The promising performance is attributed to the well dispersion of the surfactant capping agent on the surface of the resultant photocatalyst. The hydrocarbon from the non-polar tail of CTAB can promote the adsorption of the RhB dye and finally end up with the improvement of photocatalytic performance of the CTAB-capped photocatalyst. The prepared 0.20CTAB-Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalyst also exhibits high efficiency with good chemical stability after five cycles of use implying its great potential of reusability. This research demonstrates an important role of the CTAB surfactant in controlling of morphology and photoactivity of the Bi 2 WO 6 photocatalyst for detoxification of cationic dye in wastewater. The real scale removal of the organic pollutants can be further carried out by utilization of the economical solar energy comprising 43% of visible light. • The CTAB capped Bi2WO6 photocatalysts were successfully prepared by a solvothermal method. • Complete degradation of RhB dye under visible light irradiation was achieved. • Photogenerated electron and hole play the most important role in the dye degradation. • The prepared CTAB capped photocatalyst shows good structural stability and reusability.

Tuning the concentration of surface/bulk oxygen vacancies in CeO2 nanorods to promote highly efficient photodegradation of organic dyes

To enhance the photodegradation ability of CeO2 for organic dyes, an effective strategy is to introduce oxygen vacancies (Vo). In general, the introduced Vo are simultaneously present both on the surface and in the bulk of CeO2. The surface oxygen vacancies (Vo-s) can decrease the band gap, thus enhancing light absorption to produce more photogenerated e− for photodegradation. However, the bulk oxygen vacancies (Vo-b) will inhibit photocatalytic activity by increasing the recombination of photogenerated e− and Vo-b. Therefore, regulating the concentrations of Vo-s to Vo-b is a breakthrough for achieving the best utilization of photogenerated e− during photodegradation. We used an easy hydrothermal method to achieve tunable concentrations of Vo-s to Vo-b in CeO2 nanorods. The optimized CeO2 presents a 70.2% removal of rhodamine B after 120 min of ultraviolet−visible light irradiation, and a superior photodegradation performance of multiple organics. This tuning strategy for Vo also provides guidance for developing other advanced metal-oxide semiconductor photocatalysts for the photodegradation of organic dyes.

Highly Stable Three-Dimensional Silver (I) Chloride Cluster Based Coordination Polymer and Its Dye Removal Properties

A highly stable three-dimensional (3D) silver chloride cluster based coordination polymer (CP) with diphosphines ligand with the formula of [Ag4Cl4(L)2]n (1) (L = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, bdpp) has been prepared at room temperature. 1 was examined for the removal of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution, exhibiting potential for the removal of contaminants from wastewater.

Removal of Rhodamine B Dye by Plasma Jet Oxidation Process

Recently, nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma has been developed as a novel tool in removal of water pollutants. Rhodamine B dye, widely used in textiles and biology, is toxic to both humans and animals, hence removing residual Rhodamine B in solution is necessary. In this work, we have setup a cold plasma jet system and used it to effectively remove Rhodamine B in the solution. We have shown that the main oxidation substance responsible to remove Rhodamine B is the hydroxyl radical (•OH). By studying the effect of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the initial and later was produced in the solution, the plasma power, and the Ar gas flow speed on the dye remove rate, we have identified 2 main reaction pathways to generate hydroxyl radical (•OH). Both of these reaction pathways involve high-energy electrons interacting with water and O2 in the solution and in the ambient air. Our work provides important information to understand the mechanism of dye removal by cold plasma treatment.

Removal of rhodamine B cationic dye using activated carbon

Removal of rhodamine B cationic dye using activated carbon

Small amount of TiO 2 modified SnO 2 with enhanced photocatalytic performance toward the removal of rhodamine B

Tin dioxide (SnO2) photocatalyst has broad prospects for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants; however, its practical application is greatly hampered by poor activity due to the high recombination rates of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In this work, titania (TiO2) modified SnO2 photocatalysts were obtained by a facile hydrothermal method to suppress the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and improve the photocatalytic activity. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis)_ diffuse reflectance spectra suggest that TiO2–SnO2 composite photocatalysts hold stronger UV light absorption ability than that of the pure SnO2. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy and photoelectrochemistry results show that the separation rate of photogenerated charge pairs of TiO2–SnO2 photocatalysts was greatly enhanced. The photocatalytic activities of the photocatalysts were evaluated by the decay of rhodamine B (RhB) under UV irradiation illumination. The results display that modification of SnO2 by TiO2 can largely enhance the photocatalytic activity and the photocatalytic performance of 0.5:1-TS sample is nearly 5 times that of the pure SnO2. Moreover, maintaining the ratio of TiO2 and SnO2 at 0.5:1, the amount of catalyst was 30 mg, the concentration of dye was 10 mg/l, and the pH of RhB solution was 2, the sample has the best photocatalytic activity.

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) for removal of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous system

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) has proved itself to be a potentially attractive tool to remove contaminants from waste water. The reported study is particularly focused on the interaction and removal of cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), using micellar solution of anionic surfactants, that is, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Sodium Oleate (SO). Dye removal efficiency has been assessed in terms of rejection percentage and permeate flux, using cellulose membrane of 10,000 molecular weight cutoff (MWCO). The effects of various factors, that is, ionic strength, concentration of surfactants, concentration of electrolyte, pH, operating pressure and rotations per minute (RPM) has been observed. It has been concluded that the maximum rejection of dye has been observed using micellar media of SDS. Overall, it has been observed that the rejection coefficient of dye is higher at higher concentration of surfactants and electrolyte and at lower values of pH, RPM and transmembrane pressure.

Removal of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution by heterogeneous UV-Fenton catalytic process

In this study, the removal of Rhodamine B at high concentrations (25–100 ppm) from aqueous solution was carried out via the heterogeneous UV-Fenton catalytic process based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The removal efficiency of Rhodamine B (C0 = 50 ppm) reached 100% after 4 hours treatment, corresponding to the mineralization efficiency of 70%. In comparison with the conventional Fenton processes, the assistance of UV irradiation boosted the OH• radical generation and prevented the formation of ionic complexes between Fe3+ and Rhodamine B, permitting the catalyst activity improvement. In addition, Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be easily separated by an external magnet and then re-cycled several times with minimal loss of catalyst activity.

Self-assembly synthesis of petal-like Cl-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets with tunable band structure for enhanced photocatalytic activity

Efficient separation of photo-induced charge carriers is highly desired for improving photocatalytic activity. Herein, morphology control and element doping are adopted to overcome the shortcomings of insufficient contact with pollutants and limited light-harvesting capability of the pristine g-C3N4. Petal-like Cl-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets are fabricated by a flexible self-assembly route using melamine and cyanuric as precursors, with different amounts of NH4Cl added to adjust the chlorine doping ratio. Benefiting from the enlarged specific surface area (98.330 m2 g−1), tunable band structure and the effective charge separation, the prepared chlorine doping g-C3N4 nanosheets show obviously higher efficiency in the removal of rhodamine B (90 min, 94.3 %) and tetracycline hydrochloride (120 min, 65.7 %), with degradation kinetic rates about 15.8 and 2.3 times than that of pristine g-C3N4. The supramolecular self-assembly and chlorine doping display a noticeable synergy on enhancing the photocatalytic performance, enabled g-C3N4-based nano-sized photocatalysts to be highly competitive candidates for pollutant elimination.

Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles (Bare, Doped and Co-doped with Mg and La) in the Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solutions by UVC Irradiation

Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles (Bare, Doped and Co-doped with Mg and La) in the Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solutions by UVC Irradiation

A remarkable improvement in photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles through samarium doping synthesized by hydrothermal technique for water treatment

The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of Samarium ions doping in the TiO2 host lattice and the contribution to the optical properties of this semiconductor. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows the formation of anatase phase TiO2 nanoparticles of average sizes 7.8 nm, 7.21 nm and 6.1 nm for both pure and 1 wt% and 4 wt% of Sm3+ doped samples respectivity. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirms the presence of Sm ions within the Sm substituted TiO2 nanoparticles. These results suggest that, Pure and doped TiO2 samples confirm anatase phase of good crystallinity with smaller crystallite size. UV–visible spectra display stronger absorption in the visible region. The photocatalytic experiments are investigated by the removal of rhodamine B under UV light. Compared to the other two photocatalysts, the results shows that 4 wt% of Sm3+ doped TiO2 exposes the highest photocatalytic performance.