Abstract
Disposal of contaminated wastewater causes many serious problems especially when it gets mixed with the ground and seawater. It is, therefore, important to apply any remedial action to eradicate dangerous pollutants from the aqueous effluents and to avoid exposure of this wastewater to aquatic life. The research results discussed herein deal with the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo Red (CR) dye from wastewater by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an adsorbent. Different factors like solid dosage, initial pH and concentration, time, and temperature were studied to understand the behavior and mechanism of adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity in case of a single component system was found to be 302 mg/g and 300 mg/g for Congo Red and Rhodamine B, respectively. Moreover, the mechanism of adsorption was best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of CR and RhB was exothermic when these were removed from a single dye system. However, the overall process became endothermic for concurrent removal of both dyes from the solution. The research results showed that the MWCNTs could successfully be utilized to remove the dye from the industrial wastewater.
Highlights
Numerous types of dyes and pigments have been discharged into the aquatic environment through wastewater from various industries such as paper and pulp, textile, leather, and printing industries [1]
That can be called as basic dyes, are used as a basic raw material in wide number of industrial applications including silk, nylon, acrylic, and dyeing of wool [5]
The SEM micrographs in Figure tangled, and have a sharp nonporous tubular structure
Summary
Numerous types of dyes and pigments have been discharged into the aquatic environment through wastewater from various industries such as paper and pulp, textile, leather, and printing industries [1]. Wastewater from the textile dyeing operation contains unused dyes (~8% to 20% of the total pollution load) and auxiliary chemicals and significantly contribute to water pollution [2]. Dyes are classified into a number of types owing to their structural variation and complex nature [4]. Due to the structure complexity, these dyes are resistant to degradation by conventional wastewater treatment techniques involving physicochemical and biological techniques [6]. Degradation by a physical, chemical or biological mechanism would result in the generation of wide variety of intermediate species that can prove to be more toxic than parent dye compound [5,7]
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