Removal Of Rb Research Articles

Removal of Reactive Blue 13 Using Modified Cellulosic Material Based on Rice Husks

The present study deals with the removal efficiency regarding Reactive Blue 13 (RB) of a cationized cellulosic adsorbent prepared from agricultural waste. The rice husks were used as a raw material to extract and separate the cellulose by alkali and bleaching treatment. The cellulosic material was modified with N, N-dimethyl-1-octadecylamine to prepare a cationized adsorbent. The adsorption process was scrutinized across multiple parameters influencing dye removal and was well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models predicting chemically rate-controlled monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption of RB is spontaneous and endothermic. It was established that the new cationized cellulosic material could serve as an effective adsorbent for the removal of RB from aqueous media.

Evaporation-free tandem-column separation for Sr from geological samples with high Rb/Sr ratios

A novel tandem column method was devised for effective purification of Sr from geological samples characterized by relatively high Rb/Sr ratios, employing a strategic sequence of columns of AG50-X12 cation resin, Chelex-100 chelating resin and AG50-X8 cation resin. The process initiates with the AG50-X12 column to remove most of the matrix elements, followed by the Chelex-100 column to remove the residual Rb under alkaline conditions despite its inability to adsorb alkali metals such as Na, K, and Rb. The Sr fraction was eluted directly into the Chelex-100 column from the AG50-X12 column by a NH3-NH4Cl solution. The final purification through the AG50-X8 column to eliminate residual NH4Cl ensures the effective removal of matrix elements (such as K, Na, Li, Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and Ca) and Rb. The Chelex-100 resin acts comparatively to a similar Sr-specific resin for Rb and Sr. This method proved its efficacy and precision by aligning the Sr isotopic ratios from a range of reference materials, (JR-1, JR-2, JB-2, BCR-2, BHVO-2, W-2, GSP-2, CRPG Mica-Mg, CRPG Mica-Fe and NIST SRM 987) with their published values, demonstrating its reliability for Sr isotope analysis in complex geological matrices.

Adsorption of azo dyes and Naproxen by few-layer MXene immobilized with dialdehyde starch nanoparticles: Adsorption properties and statistical physics modeling

Novel Eco-friendly composite materials (DSP-M) were organized by combining few-layer MXene with the hydrophilic biomaterial dialdehyde starch nanoparticles (DASNP) and immobilizing DASNP on the surface of few-layer MXene by the dialdehyde-based cross-linking method. In addition to the study on the adsorption performance and mechanism of prohibited dyes (Rhodamine B, RB and Congo Red, CR) in food industry, the removal and mechanism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Naproxen, NPX) residues in pharmaceutical field were also investigated. DSP-M was physiochemically characterized via series of analytical techniques and the dye adsorption isotherms at three temperatures were quantified. The results show that DSP-M exhibited excellent adsorption performance for all three selected adsorbates, and the Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacity were 678.19 mg/L for RB, 754.41 mg/L for CR and 166.71 mg/L for NPX, respectively, and it agreed well with the Langmuir, pseudo–second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The statistical physics model was employed to further explore the adsorptive mechanism. The characteristics of DSP-M after adsorption and the simulation results indicate that the removal of RB, CR and NPX by DSP-M was mainly a physical adsorption process involved with hydrogen bonding, electrostatic force and van der Waals force.

Sr isotopes in metasomatized fault rocks constrain the age of juxtaposition of oceanic and continental lithosphere (Dun Mountain Ophiolite, New Zealand)

The juxtaposition of oceanic and continental lithosphere along major fault zones is a rare but globally significant process that is commonly associated with the closure of an ocean basin. However, it is often difficult to determine the timing in the absence of a high-grade metamorphic sole that can be dated. We show that the timing of mantle and crust juxtaposition along the base of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite in New Zealand can be constrained using Sr isotope data from metasomatic rocks that developed due to the extreme chemical contrast between ultramafic (mantle) and quartzofeldspathic (crustal) lithologies along the basal Livingstone Fault. Fluids that migrated through ultramafic rocks into greenschist facies quartzofeldspathic metasediments resulted in formation of actinolite, diopside, hedenbergite, epidote and garnet, as well as the disappearance of quartz and white mica, and the near-complete removal of Rb, in a rodingite and albite-rich zone up to c.10 m wide. Major and trace element compositions indicate that albite-rich rocks and rodingites have quartzofeldspathic protoliths equivalent to rocks outside of the metasomatic zone. Due to loss of the main Rb-bearing phase (mica), the timing of metasomatism can be broadly constrained by age correction of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of unaltered quartzofeldspathic rocks to those of the strongly metasomatized equivalents. The calculated age, c. 173 Ma, represents juxtaposition of continental and oceanic lithosphere along the Livingstone Fault. Although obduction of the Dun Mountain Ophiolite may have initiated prior to the dated event, the new age is consistent with published paleogeographic reconstructions, and indicates that a >2000 km long fore-arc ocean basin that existed along the Gondwana margin was closed by the middle Jurassic. Removal of Rb from metasedimentary rocks in contact with ultramafic rocks in ophiolite settings provides an opportunity to constrain the timing of juxtaposition at lower-greenschist facies conditions.

In situ encapsulation of laccase in mesoporous amorphous ZIF-8 for Reactive Blue 19 removal.

Laccase with substrate non-specificity is particularly effective in pollutant degradation. However, the practical application of the laccase is limited due to its poor stability and reusability. In this study, a simple in situ encapsulation method was used to immobilize laccase into amorphous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (aZIF-8), and the synthesized Lac@aZIF-8 biocomposites were used to remove Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19). Results indicated that the presence of mesoporous endowed the immobilized laccase with higher substrate affinity. Compared with free laccase, the Lac@aZIF-8 showed higher thermo-tolerant performance, wider pH range, better storage stability, and reusability. The Lac@aZIF-8 biocomposites have excellent performance in the effective removal of RB 19. Without any mediators, the dye decolorization rate of immobilized laccase reached up to 82% in 3h under optimal conditions. Based on the LC-MS analysis, the proposed degradation pathways of RB 19 were discussed technically. Moreover, the growth inhibition experiments on Scenedesmus obliquus confirmed the lower toxicity intensity of the degradation products. This research enhanced the stability of laccase while maintaining high substrate affinity, providing a novel strategy for the green and efficient treatment of dye wastewater. PRACTITIONERS POINTS: Lac@aZIF-8 was synthesized by a simple in situ encapsulation method. The mesoporous structure endows the immobilized laccase with higher substrate affinity. The Lac@aZIF-8 shows higher thermo-tolerant performance, wider pH range, better storage stability, and reusability. The Lac@aZIF-8 biocomposites have excellent performance in RB 19 removal.

Simultaneous Adsorption of Anionic Dyes onto Kail Sawdust Charcoal (KSC) from Binary Dye Solution

Charcoal prepared from Kail Sawdust (waste obtained from carpenter shop) has been used as adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of red RB (RRB) and yellow M4G (YMG) dyes from water. The interactive effect of both dyes is found as antagonistic. The experiments are performed on optimized operating parameters, which are based on individual dye adsorption. Experimental results are tested for Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models but the equilibrium data fitt well with Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics fit well pseudo second order kinetic model. FTIR, SEM, and BET analysis are used to characterize the adsorbent. Adsorption process is spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic as proved by thermodynamic parameters. From the outcomes, it is presumed that removal of dyes by KSC (bioadsorbent) can be proved as successful and green innovation for the treatment of textile industrial wastewater.

Magnetoconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/maghemite adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Black 5 from aqueous media

Efficient removal of organic dyes has attained significant attention for environmental safety concerns. In the current study, the adsorption of toxic anionic dye, Reactive Black 5 (RB), by using magnetoconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/maghemite composite is demonstrated. A simple one step synthesis was adopted to prepare PEDOT/maghemite composites using ammonium persulphate as an oxidant. The morphology of obtained composites confirmed the incorporation of maghemite particles into the PEDOT matrix. The presence of maghemite in the composites was also revealed by XRD analysis. With the increase in maghemite amount, an improvement in the specific surface area and magnetic properties of the composites were observed. Thus, the PEDOT composite with largest wt % of maghemite was selected as an adsorbent for the dye removal from aqueous medium. The removal efficiency of ∼95% was observed for RB dye using PEDOT/maghemite composite. It is one of the earliest reports of PEDOT/maghemite which shows the removal of RB from aqueous medium with promising adsorption behavior. The complete decolorization of dye solution and its easy separation by external magnetic field allow future applications of PEDOT/maghemite in industrial waste water treatment and remediation.

Inducing Silver Nanoparticles on Supramolecular Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Removal of Reactive Blue Dyes

A new hybrid nanomaterial has been developed by inducing catalytic silver nanoparticle on supramolecular BN nanosheets using supramolecular polymer as hybrid coordinator for photocatalytic removal of reactive blue dye (RB 221) from aqueous solution. In this study, adenine‐bifunctionalized polypropylene glycol diacrylate (APPG) polymer was used for exfoliation and modification of BNNSs to decorate Ag nanoparticles that are prepared by sonication‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation techniques. The synthesized materials are systematically characterized by various techniques such as FT‐IR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, Raman, FE‐SEM, and HR‐TEM. The layered structure of supramolecular polymer was observed over the exfoliated few layered BNNSs (2.0 to 3.5 nm). HR‐TEM show that the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were successfully decorated on supramolecular functionalized BN nanosheets. The significance of functionalization is that the adenine moieties induce the high amount of Ag NPs through Ag/adenine moiety coordination, thereby increasing the effectiveness of catalyst towards removal of RB 221 dye. The RB 221 dye removal efficiency of new synthesized nanomaterials such as BN/APPG/Ag (1 : 2.5), BN/APPG/Ag (1 : 1), APPG/Ag, and BN/Ag were 84.60 ± 1.26%, 70.13 ± 0.034, 65.60 ± 0.052, and 35.0 ± 0.45%, respectively. The photocatalytic dye degradation performance of catalyst increases with high amount of supramolecular polymer in the composites. Reusability of analysis revealed that regenerated BN/APPG/Ag catalyst could be tested in at least three consecutive cycles in which proving efficiency removal of the RB 221 was found to be 83.7 ± 0.8, 63.8 ± 0.51, and 54.60 ± 0.78% after the first, second, and third cycles of reuse, respectively. In addition, the absorption peaks of the RB 221 in solutions undergo upshifts relative to the free dye indicating the reduction of RB 221 dye for only BNNSs containing composite catalysts. Overall, the findings of this work are promising and therefore propose that BN/APPG/Ag could be applicable for the removal of dyes repeatedly for wastewater treatment in environment as result of their reusability and versatility.

Preparation and characterization of graphitic carbon nitrides/polyvinylidene fluoride adsorptive membrane modified with chitosan for Rhodamine B dye removal from water: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics

In the present study, a PVDF/g-C3N4/chitosan (PCC) membrane was used for the removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions. Water flux for PCC membrane decreased from 49.87% to 14.76% by the addition of chitosan from 2% to 4%. Afterward, batch adsorption conditions were optimized for a PVDF/g-C3N4/chitosan membrane applying Box-Behnken design algorithm. The maximum RB removal efficiency was 72.74% at 2 mg/L of initial RB concentration, pH = 3, 2 g of g-C3N4 and 3% of chitosan at the optimum conditions. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order models were satisfactorily describing the equilibrium and kinetic of adsorption, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were disclosed that the adsorption of RB onto PCC was exothermic (ΔH° = −21.35 kJ mol−1) and spontaneous (ΔG° < 0) with the generation of energy (ΔS° = +92.42 kJ mol−1) at the interface of solid/liquid. Thus, this novel membrane could be employed as an effective adsorbent to remove of RB dye from aqueous solutions.

Highly efficient and selective removal of anionic dyes from water using a cellulose nanofibril/chitosan sponge prepared by dehydrothermal treatment

To obtain cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbents that can selectively remove anionic dyes from wastewater, a physically cross-linked cellulose nanofibril/chitosan (CNF/CS) sponge was developed by dehydrothermal treatment (DHT). The physicochemical properties of the prepared sponge were determined by various techniques, and its adsorption performance was evaluated using reactive blue 221 (RB) as the model dye. Batch adsorption experiments reveal that the capacity of RB adsorption on the sponge increases up to 778.5 mg/g with increasing temperature. This value is greater than the maximum adsorption capacities of all other non-conventional adsorbents reported in the literature. Based on kinetic and thermodynamic assessments, the RB adsorption process is best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model, which suggests that it is actually an endothermic monolayer chemisorption process. The RB removal efficiency reaches 99.64% after five repeated continuous separations and the CNF/CS sponge can be efficiently used in five adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results reported in this study indicate that the novel CNF/CS sponge developed in this study has great potential for use in applications of dye removal from wastewater.

ZnO\u2013SnO2\u2013Sn nanocomposite as photocatalyst in ultraviolet and visible light

By combining ZnO with SnO2, it is possible to obtain a photocatalyst with an extended lifetime and increased activity range in both ultraviolet and visible light. The paper presents the synthesis of ZnO–SnO2–Sn nanocomposite. The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDS and TEM–EDX analysis. The results showed that the synthesised nanocomposites consisted of hexagonal ZnO, cubic SnO2 and Sn nanoparticles. The results revealed that the highest removal efficiency (15.0%) of rhodamine B under visible light was achieved with ZnO–SnO2–Sn consisting of 10% of SnO2 and 5% of Sn, whereas the highest removal efficiency of methylene blue (95.6%) under UV light was achieved with ZnO–SnO2–Sn consisting of 10% of SnO2 and 1% of Sn. The presence of tin nanoparticles enhanced the photocatalytic properties directed towards visible light. The degradation of MB by ZnO–SnO2–Sn remained above 80% even in the 5th cycle, while under visible light during photodegradation the RB removal efficiency decreased from 20 to 14%.

Efficient reduction of reactive black 5 and Cr(Ⅵ) by a newly isolated bacterium of Ochrobactrum anthropi

It is important to obtain bacteria with the ability for reduction of dyes and Cr(Ⅵ) since dyes and Cr(Ⅵ) are often co-exist in textile wastewater. In this study, a new strain belonging to Ochrobactrum anthropi was isolated from textile wastewater, and could efficiently reduce Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) and Cr(Ⅵ). The results showed the degradation efficiency of RB 5 could achieve 100% and reduction efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) was up to 80% within 3 days at initial RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration of 400 mg/L and 20 mg/L. Mn2+ and Cu2+ could enhance the removal of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ), respectively. Glycerin, as electron donor, improved reduction efficiencies of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ). In addition, reduction mechanisms were further investigated. The results demonstrated that decreasing of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ) concentration were mainly through extracellular bioreduction rather than by adsorption. The FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the O‒H, C‒C and C‒H groups on the cell surface might be involved in the reduction of RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ). The information gives useful insights into understanding of how the bacterium reduce RB 5 and Cr(Ⅵ). The results indicated that the strain had excellent application prospect for treating industrial wastewater.

Controllable fabrication of hierarchically porous adsorbent via natural particles stabilized Pickering medium internal phase emulsion for high-efficiency removal of Rb+ and Cs+

Hierarchical porous adsorbent with well-defined macro-pores and interconnected meso- and micro-pores provides better accessibility and active sites for adsorbate. However, most synthesis techniques usually require multiple steps, or based on surfactants and block-copolymers as soft templates, which are time consuming, costly and non-renewable. Herein, we demonstrated a novel strategy to fabricate a highly interconnected hierarchical 3D porous composite adsorbent chitosan-g-poly(acrylamide)/attapulgite (CTS-g-PAM/APT) with tunable pore size via one-step Pickering emulsion polymerization without any surfactant. Stable, low-cost and environment-friendly canola oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (MIPEs) was solely stabilized by a pH-responsive APT/CTS composite particle derived from the electrostatic assembly of non-toxic natural APT nanorods and biopolymer CTS. Then, the acrylamide (AM) monomers in Pickering MIPEs were in-situ polymerized to produce CTS-g-PAM/APT composite with hierarchical and interconnected pores. The size of pore can be regulated by varying the pH values due to the pH-dependent of droplet size of emulsion. The composite has large amounts of chelating groups (e.g., –NH2 and –COO−) and high porosity, so it was capable of capturing Rb+ and Cs+ with high adsorption capacities of 178.88 mg/g and 221.56 mg/g, and rapid adsorption rate of 600 and 900 s for Rb+ and Cs+, respectively. Moreover, the composite can be regenerated and reused for multiple cycles. This new approach provided a potential and economical pathway to develop hierarchically porous materials for wastewater treatment.

A novel strategy for enhancing the performance of membranes for dyes separation: Embedding PAA@UiO-66-NH2 between graphene oxide sheets

A composite membrane based on a novel strategy was prepared which using graphene oxide (GO), UiO-66-NH2 and polyacrylic acid (PAA) as basic materials on the surface of nylon membrane by vacuum filtration self-assembly. The structure of the composite membrane was made of graphene oxide as vertical separation layer, the PAA@UiO-66-NH2 (PAA@UiO) embedding between GO as horizontal capture material. The PAA@UiO-66-NH2/GO (PAA@UiO/GO) membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Compared with the GO membrane, PAA@UiO/GO membrane combined the effects of GO, UiO-66-NH2 and PAA, which significantly enhances the separation performance of dye wastewater. In particular, the PAA@UiO/GO membrane can achieve complete removal of MB, RB and CR while the fluxes during filtration process can reach about 100 L∙m-2∙h-1. At the same time, PAA@UiO/GO membrane almost retained stable removal rate on all dyes under extreme pH and ionic strength conditions. In addition, after 10 cycles of experiments, PAA@UiO/GO membrane retained a removal rate and a flux more than 95% and 85 L∙m-2∙h-1for all dyes, respectively. Compared to a composite membrane based on intercalation, the unique structure of PAA@UiO/GO membrane with a large number of adsorption sites and screening structures, resulting a better removal rate for dyes. Furthermore, PAA@UiO/GO membrane has a great potential in practical applications and a solution to balance trade-off effect.

Ag2CO3@UiO-66-NH2 embedding graphene oxide sheets photocatalytic membrane for enhancing the removal performance of Cr(VI) and dyes based on filtration

A novel photocatalytic membrane was prepared by using graphene oxide (GO), UiO-66-NH2 and Ag2CO3 as basic materials on the surface of PVDF membrane by vacuum filtration self-assembly. The prepared Ag2CO3@UiO-66-NH2/GO (AgCO@UiO/GO) membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AgCO@UiO/GO membrane possessed the photocatalytic effects, which significantly enhanced the separation effect of dyes and Cr(VI) wastewater. In particular, the AgCO@UiO/GO membrane can achieve complete removal of MB, RB,MR and Cr(VI) under light conditions maintaining the fluxes during filtration process reach about 50 L · m−2 · h−1. In addition, after long-time experiments, the AgCO@UiO/GO membrane retained a higher removal rate and maintained a high flux under light conditions than without light for all dyes and Cr(VI). The unique structure of AgCO@UiO/GO membrane with a large number of screening structures and photocatalytic activity resulting a better removal rate for pollutants and reducing membrane fouling. Furthermore, the AgCO@UiO/GO membrane shows a great potential in improving membrane removal performance and a solution to balance trade-off effect.

Adsorption of methylene blue and rhodamine B on graphene oxide-Fe3O4 nanocomposite: Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations

Graphene oxide based magnetic nanocomposite (GO-Fe3O4) was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Intercalation of nanoparticles has resulted in the modified interlayer spacing of GO sheets, it is increased from 0.82 to 1.11 nm. Nanocomposite was characterized using TEM, AFM, XRD, UV-Visible and Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic nanocomposite is tested for removal of industrial dyes MB and RB through the adsorption process. The adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, and adsorption time are optimized in an optimal condition in the dye removal experiments (0.1 g/L adsorbent (GO), 10 mg/L of MB and RB with 25 minutes adsorption time). Adsorption capacity of 100 and 80 mg/g was achieved for MB and RB respectively. Preferential behavior of nanocomposite towards MB over RB can be attributed to the differential electrostatic and geometrical interactions. Differential behavior towards adsorption of dyes is further studied by Monte Carlo adsorption locator and molecular dynamics simulations. Adsorption energies corresponding to MB/GO, RB/GO, MB/Fe3O4, and RB/Fe3O4 systems show that certain configurations favor adsorption on GO and Fe3O4 surfaces. Radial distribution function calculation shows the geometric separation of 2.23 and 5.13 Å for MB and RB respectively, which has profound effect on electrostatic and π-π interaction.

Removal of Dyes using Wheat Husk Waste as a Low-Cost Adsorbent

Color removal from wastewater has been a matter of concern, both in the esthetic sense and health point of view. Color removal from textile effluents on a continuous industrial scale has been given much attention in the last few years, not only because of its potential toxicity, but also due to its visibility problem. The ability of wheat husk to act as biosorption medium in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution was successfylly investigated. The analysis of dye remaining in the solution was done colourimetrically using a spectrophotometer. It may be concluded that easy availability and suitability for production of bioadsorbent from wheat husk makes it one of the materials that can be used for removal of RB 19 and RB 195 from waste water.

Kail sawdust charcoal: a low-cost adsorbent for removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution

Kail sawdust charcoal was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Torque blue, red RB and yellow M4G (textile dyes) dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption was carried out at different concentrations of dye solution, dose of adsorbent, temperature, pH and particle size. The adsorption data were best fitted by Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S°) were determined, and the results indicated that adsorption was spontaneous, feasible and exothermic. Adsorption was better at higher pH for torque blue and at lower pH for red RB and Yellow M4G dyes. Kail sawdust charcoal (bio waste) would be quite effective and economical adsorbent for the treatment of textile dye wastewater.

Encapsulation of triclosan within 2-hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin cavity and its application in the chemisorption of rhodamine B dye

Presence of organic micro-pollutants in aquatic ecosystems is a major concern in public health. Designing effective strategies to remove organic pollutants are subject of intense research interests. Rhodamine B (Rb), a widely used stain in textile, food industries and biomedical laboratories, is highly cytotoxic and induce oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance and apoptosis. Thus devising an effective strategy for Rb removal from aquatic environment is an urgent need. Present study demonstrates the applicability of triclosan (TR)-2-hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin (HP–β–CD) inclusion complex to effectively adsorb rhodamine B (Rb) from aqueous solution. Triclosan readily incorporates into HP–β–CD cavity and the calculated binding constant is 230.5 M−1. Both solid and solution state complexes have been prepared and detailed characterization have been carried out using fluorescence spectroscopy, MALDI–TOF, FT–IR, 1H NMR, XRD, FT-Raman and SEM methods. The TR:HP–β–CD complex exhibits excellent ability to remove Rb from aqueous solutions with maximum adsorption efficiency of 261.78 mg/g. The adsorption process is a pseudo-second order reaction. Adsorption isotherm analysis reveals that the isotherm data are well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model. Details of the isotherm analysis reveal that the adsorption take place at specific homogeneous sites where the adsorbent forming monolayer coverage of Rb at the surface of the TR:HP–β–CD complex.

Fabrication of porous adsorbent via eco-friendly Pickering-MIPEs polymerization for rapid removal of Rb+ and Cs+

A novel carboxymethylcellulose-g-poly(acrylamide)/montmorillonite (CMC-g-PAM/MMT) hybrid adsorbent with sufficient interconnected pores was prepared via the Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (MIPEs) polymerization using eco-friendly inolenic acid oil (IAO) as the disperse phase and MMT as the stabilized particles. The effects of the dosages of MMT and Pluronic F68 on the pore structures were studied. It was found that the well-defined pore structure was obtained when the amounts of MMT and Pluronic F68 were 2% and 6%, respectively. The FTIR spectra analysis showed that MMT participates in the polymerization reaction. The porous adsorbent can rapidly reach adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, with the maximum adsorption capacities of 177.90 mg/g for Rb+ and 265.93 mg/g for Cs+. The fitting results confirmed that chemisorptions play a crutial role in the adsorption process, and the complexation of COO− and Rb+ or Cs+ was the main driving force for adsorption. Cyclic adsorption experiment results in static and fixed bed column show that the porous adsorbent can be recycled for the adsorption of Rb+ and Cs+ ions. The new porous adsorbent has the potential for rapid adsorption and removal of metal ions such as radioactive Rb+ and Cs+.