Method For Removal Research Articles

Iron scrap derived nano zero-valent iron/biochar activated persulfate for p-arsanilic acid decontamination with coexisting microplastics

P-arsanilic acid (AA) has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds (arsenate and arsenite) in the natural ecosystems. Its removal process and mechanisms with co-existence of microplastics remain unkown. In this study, biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles (ISBC) was prepared by using iron scrap obtained from a steel works and wood chips collected from a wood processing plant. The advanced oxidation system of sodium persulfate (PDS) activated by ISBC was applied for AA degradation and inorganic arsenic control in aqueous media. More than 99% of the AA was completely degraded by the ISBC/PDS system, and the As(III) on AA was almost completely oxidized to As(V) and finally removed by ISBC. HCO3− inhibited the removal of AA by the ISBC/PDS system, while Cl− had a dual effect that showing inhibition at low concentrations yet promotion at high concentrations. The effect of microplastics on the degradation of AA by the ISBC/PDS system was further investigated due to the potential for combined microplastic and organic arsenic contamination in rural/remote areas. Microplastics were found to have little effect on AA degradation in the ISBC/PDS system, while affect the transport of inorganic arsenic generated from AA degradation. Overall, this study provides new insights and methods for efficient removal of p-arsanilic acid from water with coexisting microplastics.

Review of Methods of Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater

Review of Methods of Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater

Optimizing Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Video Denoising via Plug-and-Play Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a powerful tool for separating the background and foreground in videos. This algorithm decomposes a video into dynamic modes, called DMD modes, to facilitate the extraction of the near-zero mode, which represents the stationary background. Simultaneously, it captures the evolving motion in the remaining modes, which correspond to the moving foreground components. However, when applied to noisy video, this separation leads to degradation of the background and foreground components, primarily due to the noise-induced degradation of the DMD mode. This paper introduces a novel noise removal method for the DMD mode in noisy videos. Specifically, we formulate a minimization problem that reduces the noise in the DMD mode and the reconstructed video. The proposed problem is solved using an algorithm based on the plug-and-play alternating direction method of multipliers (PnP-ADMM). We applied the proposed method to several video datasets with different levels of artificially added Gaussian noise in the experiment. Our method consistently yielded superior results in quantitative evaluations using peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) compared to naive noise removal methods. In addition, qualitative comparisons confirmed that our method can restore higher-quality videos than the naive methods.

Utilization of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water

The removal of microplastics (MPs) from water using oil has shown early promise; however, incorporation of this technique into a feasible in situ method has yet to be developed. Here, a simple yet effective method of MP capture from water using vegetable oil with bubbles is demonstrated to achieve high removal efficiencies of > 98%. Comparisons are made with other methods of agitation, and higher removal efficiencies are observed when bubbles are used. Due to the low agitation provided by the bubbles, the oil layer remains unbroken, meaning that no oil is released into the bulk water phase. In this way, secondary contamination is avoided—unlike membrane filtration, another effective removal method, in which polymer-based membranes can break down due to chemical backwashing and ageing. It is demonstrated that variation in MP size within the micrometer range (50–170 μm) has minor impact on the removal efficiency; however, 100% removal is achieved for larger, millimeter-sized MPs (500–5000 μm). Similarly, a high removal efficiency of greater than 99% is achieved in the capture of microfibers. Other factors such as oil volume and water salinity are also investigated and discussed. Based on these results, the proposed method can be introduced into multiple setting types as a passive and continuous method of MP capture.

Toxic heavy metal ions contamination in water and their sustainable reduction by eco-friendly methods: isotherms, thermodynamics and kinetics study

Heavy metal ions can be introduced into the water through several point and non-point sources including leather industry, coal mining, agriculture activity and domestic waste. Regrettably, these toxic heavy metals may pose a threat to both humans and animals, particularly when they infiltrate water and soil. Heavy metal poisoning can lead to many health complications, such as liver and renal dysfunction, dermatological difficulties, and potentially even malignancies. To mitigate the risk of heavy metal ion exposure to humans and animals, it is imperative to extract them from places that have been polluted. Several conventional methods such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, membrane filtration and chemical precipitation have been used for the removal of heavy metal ions. However, these methods have high operation costs and generate secondary pollutants during water treatment. Biosorption is an alternative approach to eliminating heavy metals from water that involves employing eco-friendly and cost-effective biomass. This review is focused on the heavy metal ions contamination in the water, biosorption methods for heavy metal removal and mathematical modeling to explain the behaviour of heavy metal adsorption. This review can be helpful to the researchers to design wastewater treatment plants for sustainable wastewater treatment.

Modification of the coffee industry sludge-based adsorbent using acid treatment for the removal of tartrazine dye from aqueous solution

The massive amount of industrial sludge produced annually poses an environmental concern, and improper sludge disposal may harm the environment. To address this issue, sludge has been converted into a cost-effective adsorbent for treating wastewater containing dyes. This study aims to modify the coffee sludge-based adsorbent using various treatment methods for tartrazine dye removal. The raw sludge was modified through physical treatment (PT) via oven drying and calcination, chemical treatment (CT) using phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and physicochemical treatment (PCT) method. The modified sludge adsorbents were characterised using Micromeritics ASAP 2020 for nitrogen adsorption analysis. Subsequent batch adsorption experiments were performed using the best-modified adsorbent of PCTS-HNO3 prepared by physicochemical treatment method with nitric acid to assess the effect of various factors, including initial pH (3-11), adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.25 g/L), and initial concentration of tartrazine dye (25-100 mg/L), with a contact time of 2 hours. The best process conditions were achieved at 0.15 g/L of adsorbent dosage, initial pH of 3 and initial concentration of 50 mg/L with almost 100% dye removal. The characterization results revealed that the BET surface area of the modified adsorbent was significantly increased from 363.32 m2/g of RS to 599.64 m2/g for PCTS-HNO3 adsorbent. The Langmuir isotherm model provided an excellent fit to the adsorption isotherm data, with correlation coefficients R2 ≥ 0.99 and a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 99.01 mg/g. The kinetic study observed that the adsorption process adheres remarkably well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, signifying chemisorption adsorption. The results of this study indicate that the modified coffee sludge-based adsorbent proves to be a viable and cost-efficient solution for eliminating tartrazine dye from aqueous solutions.

Physical mixing of K2CO3/Al2O3 and poly(divinylbenzene) to promote COS removal from blast furnace gas with high humidity at low temperature

Blast furnace gas (BFG) is a high emission and widely used secondary energy source. However, the presence of sulfide in BFG leads to environment pollution. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the main (70 %) sulfide in BFG. Catalytic hydrolysis is an important method for COS removal, but the excessive water contained in BFG can significantly inhibit the performance of hydrolysis catalyst. In present work, K2CO3 was loaded on Al2O3 support using wet impregnation method to improve its hydrolysis efficiency. Moreover, a physical mixing method was employed to combine K2CO3/Al2O3 with hydrophobic poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) to improve the water resistance of K2CO3/Al2O3. It was found that a simple physical mixture of PDVB with K2CO3/Al2O3 could modulate the local environment of K2CO3/Al2O3, shifting the water-sorption equilibrium on the surface of the catalyst and releasing partial water-covered catalyst surface for hydrolysis. Under the reaction temperature of 90 °C and water vapor content of 34.4 g/m3, the hydrolysis efficiency of COS increased by ∼22.5 % via mixing K2CO3/Al2O3 with PDVB. This approach demonstrates the potential to enhance the hydrolysis efficiency of catalyst for COS removal from BFG with high humidity at low temperature, which is crucial for the practical application of desulfurization of BFG.

Recent Progress and Challenges of Implantable Biodegradable Biosensors.

Implantable biosensors have evolved to the cutting-edge technology of personalized health care and provide promise for future directions in precision medicine. This is the reason why these devices stand to revolutionize our approach to health and disease management and offer insights into our bodily functions in ways that have never been possible before. This review article tries to delve into the important developments, new materials, and multifarious applications of these biosensors, along with a frank discussion on the challenges that the devices will face in their clinical deployment. In addition, techniques that have been employed for the improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of the biosensors alike are focused on in this article, like new biomarkers and advanced computational and data communicational models. A significant challenge of miniaturized in situ implants is that they need to be removed after serving their purpose. Surgical expulsion provokes discomfort to patients, potentially leading to post-operative complications. Therefore, the biodegradability of implants is an alternative method for removal through natural biological processes. This includes biocompatible materials to develop sensors that remain in the body over longer periods with a much-reduced immune response and better device longevity. However, the biodegradability of implantable sensors is still in its infancy compared to conventional non-biodegradable ones. Sensor design, morphology, fabrication, power, electronics, and data transmission all play a pivotal role in developing medically approved implantable biodegradable biosensors. Advanced material science and nanotechnology extended the capacity of different research groups to implement novel courses of action to design implantable and biodegradable sensor components. But the actualization of such potential for the transformative nature of the health sector, in the first place, will have to surmount the challenges related to biofouling, managing power, guaranteeing data security, and meeting today's rules and regulations. Solving these problems will, therefore, not only enhance the performance and reliability of implantable biodegradable biosensors but also facilitate the translation of laboratory development into clinics, serving patients worldwide in their better disease management and personalized therapeutic interventions.

Перспективные конструкторские решения для сушки жидких пищевых систем

An assessment of promising alternative design solutions for drying liquid food systems is given. Drying technology and techniques for removing moisture from liquid materials in a dispersed state have found widespread use in the food industry. The almost instantaneous drying of the sprayed particles in the coolant flow causes the formation of a developed phase interaction surface and acceleration of heat and mass transfer procedures, as well as the exclusion of overheating of the material due to intensive volumetric evaporation of moisture. A number of dryer designs have been developed to eliminate disadvantages (such as the large size of the dryers and their relatively high energy consumption and complexity of structural elements) or to reduce their impact on the course of the dehydration operation. The design specifics of devices for dewatering in the atomized state are due to the methods of supplying thermal energy, technological conditions and limitations, parameters of the dried product and the final powder substance, as well as its specific yield, peculiarities of the spraying operation, etc. The justification of the method of spray drying of liquid food material and the constructive use of the apparatus should be based on the study of a set of parameters and characteristics of the dehydration object, as well as on the construction and solution of a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer and exchange processes at the boundary of the phase section, as well as their mechanism in the development of a rational method of moisture removal to ensure the quality of finished products and energy- and resource saving. The proposed plant designs are recommended for organizing the drying process of liquid products, in particular for drying broths in fish production technologies.

Current aspects of surgical methods for removal of bladder stones in patients with bladder outlet obstruction

The prevalence of bladder stones is quite high, which represents a significant medical and social problem. Despite significant progress in the field of medicine, there are currently no generally accepted standards for the treatment of patients with cystolithiasis. This review presents an analysis of literature sources using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLibrary, Cyberleninka databases, dedicated to modern aspects of the treatment of patients with bladder stones and bladder outlet obstruction. The features, advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods for treating such patients are described in detail. It has been shown that despite the fact that transurethral cystolithotripsy with litholapaxy is the most common surgical option, modern medicine offers alternative methods of surgical treatment. It is emphasized that to achieve the greatest effectiveness of treatment, the correct choice of surgical method is necessary, based on the individual characteristics of the patient. It was noted that there is a need to optimize the treatment algorithm for patients with bladder stones and bladder outlet obstruction.

Synthetic rain image generation via CycleGAN

In the domain of autonomous driving and computer vision, the formidable challenge of adverse weather conditions, particularly rainy weather, profoundly impacts image quality and visibility. Rain streaks pose a significant impediment to accurate object detection, especially concerning pedestrians and vehicles on the road. While existing solutions have focused on training rain removal models on paired images, acquiring such data with congruent backgrounds has been a substantial hurdle. Three distinct images, each featuring a diverse background, were deliberately chosen for the rain removal experiment. The deliberate selection of these varied backgrounds allowed us to rigorously assess the efficacy of our rain removal method across diverse environmental contexts. The compelling results obtained from this experiment affirm the method's ability to effectively mitigate rain line across a spectrum of backgrounds, thus establishing its robustness and versatility in real-world scenarios. The resulting images are then employed to train our rain removal model, marking a significant advancement in our endeavor. Our innovative approach stands poised to revolutionize rain removal techniques, aligning synthetic and authentic rain images more closely in real-world scenarios.

THE STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF EKP

In this study, the antioxidant properties of extracts, the total content of phenols and flavonoids were studied from some essential oil medicinal plants growing on the territory of East Kazakhstan region, in particular yarrow (Latin Achillea) and wormwood (Latin Artemisia). Three solvents, distilled water, acetone and ethanol were used in the research work. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by dpph, ABTS, β-carotene/linoleic acid and phenolic, flavonoid compounds. The results related to the applied methods and solvents (polar, apolar) were obtained. For example, the ABTS cationic radical removal method showed that the highest antioxidant activity in both plant types was demonstrated by the same acetone solvent (Achillea 344.11 and 0.06 mg/ml, Artemisia 198.26 and 0.07 mg/ml). DPPH showed the strongest effect of radical removal in distilled aqueous solvent (Achillea 245.82±1.59 mg/ml, Artemisia 300.53±1.18 mg/ml) in both species using the method of determining the activity of free radical removal. In addition, when studying total phenol, flavonoid compounds, the total amount of phenols in various solvent extracts obtained from Achillea ranged from 0.13 mg/ml from 59.71 to 0.13 mg/ml from 96.16 to 0.21 mg/ml, and the amount of flavonoids ranged from 0.11 mg/ml from 38.22 to 86.65 from 1.17 mg/ml. While the phenol content in Artemisia extracts ranged from 40.75 mg/ml to 113.56 mg/ml to 0.91 mg/ml, the flavanoid content ranged from 22.74 mg/ml to 74.94 mg/ml to 1.97 mg/ml.

Cross-domain attention-guided domain adaptive method for image real rain removal

Cross-domain attention-guided domain adaptive method for image real rain removal

CRformer: Multi-modal data fusion to reconstruct cloud-free optical imagery

Cloud contamination is a common problem in Earth observation that hinders various remote sensing applications. To address this problem, recent studies have employed deep neural networks and multi-modal data fusion to reconstruct cloud-free optical imagery. However, this task faces many challenges, such as: (1) the scarcity of suitable multi-modal datasets; (2) the ineffective use of feature correlations; and (3) the limited applicability of existing models. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes a novel solution that fuses high-spatial SAR and low-spatial optical data to reconstruct high-quality cloud-free multi-spectral optical products. First, a curated benchmark dataset, named SMILE-CR, is created with a realistic cloud simulation strategy. The SMILE-CR serves as a global and multi-modal cloud removal dataset for the Landsat-8 sensor, with Sentinel-1 and MODIS data as additional supplementary data. Second, a Transformer-based cloud removal network, abbreviated as CRformer, is developed with two novel modules: multi-head dense and sparse attention and multi-scale gated-dconv feed-forward network. The CRformer achieves global attention while suppressing the weak correlations and enhancing the multi-scale cloud features by filtering out invalid features. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through extensive experiments. The results show that the CRformer surpasses the state-of-the-art cloud removal methods with significant improvements in both quantitative and qualitative metrics. The fusion of MODIS and Sentinel-1 data is shown to be effective and necessary in reconstructing Landsat-8 observations. Moreover, the CRformer model can be readily applied to reconstruct time-series cloud-free Landsat-8 products in Wuhan city, which can improve the average accuracy of land cover mapping by over 3%.

Efficiently removing dissolved organic pollutants in landfill leachate concentrate using dual-anode Fe2+/HClO system: The significance of insolubilization based on oxidative coupling of organics

The strategy to mineralize dissolved organics for the decontamination of landfill leachate concentrate (LLC) is expensive. Because mineralization requires high stoichiometric ratio of oxidants (e.g., •OH) or electron transfer (i.e., energy) to the pollutant molecules. Whereas, transferring the dissolved organic pollutants into separable insoluble matters is an energy-saving strategy. Herein, we developed a dual-anode Fe2+/HClO system for removing dissolved organic pollutants in LLC through insolubilization based on oxidative coupling. In this system, the majority of dissolved organic pollutants were transferred into insoluble substances, which could be removed easily. As a result, 89.8 % of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in LLC was fast removed in 3 h with a low specific energy consumption (SEC, 4.0 kWh kg−1 COD and 17.6 kWh kg−1 DOC), and the formation of toxic by-products can be well controlled to total organic chlorine (TOCl) < 0.1 mg/L. The formation of insoluble substances was attributed to the oxidative coupling of organic small molecules into the macromolecular ones. This was evidenced by the generation of insoluble compounds with the larger molecular mass, and the formation of coupling or polymerization products of the model pollutant (guaiacol). The predominant mechanism was proposed that Fe(IV) was generated in the dual-anode Fe2+/HClO system, and Fe(IV) oxidized pollutants to produce organic radicals, then the organic radicals coupled and polymerized to form larger molecules and insoluble compounds. This work offers a novel electrochemical method for efficient removal of organic pollutants in LLC with minimal toxic by-products generated, and revealed the significance of oxidative coupling process in the electrochemical Fe2+/HClO system.

An in vitro assessment of the residual dentin after using three minimally invasive caries removal techniques

To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.001), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. DIAGNOdent pen values ranged between 14 and 18 in the remaining dentin and laser-ablated surfaces recorded the lowest reading (p < 0.001). The Ca:P ratios of the remaining dentin were close to sound dentin after all excavation methods; however, it was higher in the ultrasonic technique (p < 0.05). The bur-excavated dentin showed higher phosphate and lower matrix contents with higher tissue hardness that was comparable to sound dentin indicating the non-selectiveness of this technique in removing the potentially repairable dentin tissue. In contrast, the MI techniques exhibited lower phosphate and higher organic contents associated with lower microhardness in the deeper dentin layers. This was associated with smooth residual dentin without smearing and patent dentinal tubules. This study supports the efficiency of using MI methods in caries removal as conservative alternatives to rotary excavation, providing a promising strategy for the clinical dental practice.

Evaluating microcystinase A-based approach on microcystins degradation during harvested cyanobacterial blooms

Addressing notorious and worldwide Microcystis blooms, mechanical algae harvesting is an effective emergency technology for bloom mitigation and removal of nutrient loads in waterbodies. However, the absence of effective methods for removal of cyanobacterial toxins, e.g., microcystins (MCs), poses a challenge to recycle the harvested Microcystis biomass. In this study, we therefore introduced a novel approach, the “captured biomass-MlrA enzymatic MC degradation”, by enriching microcystinase A (MlrA) via fermentation and spraying it onto salvaged Microcystis slurry to degrade all MCs. After storing the harvested Microcystis slurry, a rapid release of extracellular MCs occurred within the initial 8 h, reaching a peak concentration of 5.33 μg/mL at 48 h during the composting process. Upon spraying the recombinant MlrA crude extract (about 3.36 U) onto the Microcystis slurry in a ratio of 0.1% (v/v), over 95% of total MCs were degraded within a 24-h period. Importantly, we evaluated the reliability and safety of using MlrA extracts to degrade MCs. Results showed that organic matter/nutrient contents, e.g. soluble proteins, polysaccharides, phycocyanin and carotenoids, were not significantly altered. Furthermore, the addition of MlrA extracts did not significantly change the bacterial community composition and diversity in the Microcystis slurry, indicating that the MlrA extracts did not increase the risk of pathogenic bacteria. Our study provides an effective and promising method for the pre-treatment of harvested Microcystis biomass, highlighting an ecologically sustainable framework for addressing Microcystis blooms.

Combining Carbon Materials and Ionic Liquid Gels to Boost Simultaneous Removal of Emerging Pollutants from Wastewaters

AbstractWater bodies contamination is a pressing issue of modern society, exacerbated by the large structural variety of contaminants. This explains the interest toward developing systems able to remove from wastewater different contaminants, with different susceptibility to removal methods. Consequently, herein hybrid ionic liquid gels, based on 1,3:2,4‐dibenzylidene‐D‐sorbitol (DBS), doped with graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide, are described. First, the gel–sol transition temperatures (Tgel), rheological and self‐healing properties are determined. These gels are then used as sorbent materials and, for the first time, for removing mixtures of pollutants of different classes, namely the dyes rhodamine B and methyl orange, the drugs diclofenac and carbamazepine, or the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A, to simulate real wastewaters. Interestingly, hybrid gels prove efficient in removing single and mixed pollutants. The best performing gel is reusable for at least 12 consecutive cycles, without any intermediate washing. It can also be embedded in adsorption columns or dialysis membranes, to treat larger volumes of wastewater. Here, this gel achieves an adsorption capacity of 117 and 66 mg g−1 for rhodamine B and bisphenol A in mixture, with a distinct preference toward cationic contaminants, exhibiting competitive performance with most systems previously reported.

Removal of turbidity in low-alcohol Chinese baijiu by coalescence separation

Chinese Baijiu has always been preferred by the majority of alcoholic drink lovers with its rich aroma. With the popularity of drinking culture and mental health, low-alcohol Baijiu has achieved increasing attention. This paper innovatively adopts the coalescence method of separating emulsion to solve the turbidity problem in the process of degrading Baijiu. Firstly, the characteristics of feasible materials for turbidity removal via coalescence were explored. Three materials with different pore size, chemical composition, and wetting behavior, namely polyether sulfone (PES), glass fiber (GF) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), were characterized. Secondly, the emulsion structure and composition of the diluted Chinese Baijiu were analyzed. Finally, the selected porous materials were conducted to separate the precipitates in the degraded Baijiu for a clear Baijiu. The results found that both PVDF with excellent affinity to esters under alcohol solution and PES with small pore size exhibited efficient turbidity removal efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of pore size ranging from 0.1 to 5 μm of the PVDF coalescing material on the turbidity removal was investigated. However, the small pore size resulted in great pressure drop and followed the screening mechanism which contributed to high energy consumption and membrane fouling issue. The large pore size PVDF materials with average pore size of 1.6–4.0 μm achieved high flux of 5.30 × 104 L/(m2·h) with 90∼100% turbidity removal for 39% alcohol content-Baijiu via coalescence. The quality after coalescence removal of turbid was good indicating the coalescence removal method is a Chinese Baijiu turbidity removal potential technology.

Cell voltage control on ion selectivity of carbon nanotube-copper hexacyanoferrate with enhanced electrochemical deionization performance

This study utilizes a simple co-precipitation method to synthesize copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (denoted as CuHCF@CNTs) serving as superior electrode materials for the electrochemical deionization (ECDI) application, a versatile method for brackish water deionization, water softening, and heavy metal removal. The enhanced performance of CuHCF, one of the Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with typical Faradaic cation-capturing capability, is attributed to the increased charge transfer and a large surface area provided by multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the promoting the utilization of CuHCF units within the composites. The ion selectivity of electrode materials is investigated using both batch and microfluidic reactors, revealing a selectivity sequence of K+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+. Additionally, this study introduces a novel approach for controlling the ion selectivity of CuHCF@CNT from the operating voltage. By varying the cell voltage, the selectivity factor, βK/Mg, can be increased from 1.7 at 1.2 V to 4.5 at 0.6 V. Our research offers a new perspective on the ion-capturing selectivity of ECDI systems using Faradaic materials in deionization and ion-concentrating applications.