Current aspects of surgical methods for removal of bladder stones in patients with bladder outlet obstruction

Abstract

The prevalence of bladder stones is quite high, which represents a significant medical and social problem. Despite significant progress in the field of medicine, there are currently no generally accepted standards for the treatment of patients with cystolithiasis. This review presents an analysis of literature sources using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, eLibrary, Cyberleninka databases, dedicated to modern aspects of the treatment of patients with bladder stones and bladder outlet obstruction. The features, advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods for treating such patients are described in detail. It has been shown that despite the fact that transurethral cystolithotripsy with litholapaxy is the most common surgical option, modern medicine offers alternative methods of surgical treatment. It is emphasized that to achieve the greatest effectiveness of treatment, the correct choice of surgical method is necessary, based on the individual characteristics of the patient. It was noted that there is a need to optimize the treatment algorithm for patients with bladder stones and bladder outlet obstruction.