Remote Work Systems Research Articles

The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Job Satisfaction and Well-Being: A POST-COVID 19 Pandemic Quantitative Study on the Banking Industry in Sri Lanka

Remote work systems have been introduced to the world due to the pandemic by the WHO in 2019. With this new system, the lives of people changed a lot and different industries introduced this differently. The banking industry has encountered obstacles and prompted firms to use remote working methods. The main objective of this study was to examine the impact of remote working on employee Job satisfaction and well-being within the banking industry in Sri Lanka in the post-COVID-19 period. The study uses primary data to answer the research problem from 210 respondents in different banks in the Colombo district in Sri Lanka. The deductive approach was used to investigate the relationship between the variables and the purposive sampling technique was used for selecting the respondents. Survey strategy was used to collect data and collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing descriptive Analysis and inferential Statistical techniques to analyze the data and figure out the results of the research study objectives. Data Analysis is divided into five parts to analyze the results obtained. It includes Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, Regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between Infrastructure facilities, Work-life integration, Organisational Support, Organisational Culture, and Leadership with Employee job satisfaction and well-being. The findings of this study are extremely beneficial insights to understanding challenges faced by remote working employees in the banking sector in Sri Lanka and the recommendations that are provided aim to assist employees in overcoming these challenges.

Multi-Key Asymmetric Cryptography: A Model for Preserving Privacy in Work-from-Home Environments

In the contemporary landscape of work, the transformative shift towards remote work has necessitated an investigative analysis of the privacy and security challenges associated with the exchange of sensitive information. This research paper responds to this imperative by introducing a pioneering privacy-preserving model, specifically tailored for Work-from-Home (WFH) environments, leveraging the capabilities of Multi-Key Asymmetric Cryptography. The model's innovation lies in its strategic synthesis of the efficiency inherent in symmetric encryption with an unwavering emphasis on the preservation of privacy. This nuanced approach positions the model as a robust solution to the dynamic and evolving cybersecurity threats faced by remote workers, offering a comprehensive defence mechanism against potential breaches and unauthorised access to sensitive data. The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis, delving into the foundational principles, distinct advantages, implementation considerations, and real-world benefits of the proposed privacy-preserving model. The examination of foundational principles elucidates the theoretical underpinnings, establishing a clear conceptual understanding of the model's architecture and functionality. The exploration of advantages underscores how the model not only addresses existing concerns but also provides additional layers of protection and adaptability to future cybersecurity challenges. The implementation considerations delve into practical aspects, discussing the feasibility and potential challenges of seamlessly integrating the privacy-preserving model into existing WFH infrastructures. Extending the analysis to real-world benefits, the research paper highlights the possible tangible impact and value the proposed model brings to organisations and remote workers. This encompasses enhanced data security, improved privacy compliance, and increased confidence in the integrity of remote work systems.

Factors for Implementing a Remote Work System

Remote Work Systems became one the popular work systems across the world. The benefits of such systems used to be seen through different organizational aspects, from achieving business continuity to facilitating business objectives. However, such implementations will need to have adopted arrangements consisting of factors to the success of the system that all organizations need to arrange for it before deciding, planning, designing, and executing the remote working system.

Analisis Pembagian Tugas Karyawan Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Kerja Melalui Komunikasi Organisasi Pada Pelaksanaan Remote Working Di PT. Tanair Media Seruni

Organizational communication began to experience changes in technology-based companies, because it was built by developments in technology and information technology. Where organizational communication was previously built based on physical meetings, is now done online in a remote work system. The research was conducted to analyze the division of duties of employees in improving work through organizational communication in the implementation of remote work at PT Tanair Media Seruni. Observation data through direct observation in the field, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with the constructivism paradigm. Using authority theory and organizational communication theory in research. From the results of successful research, presenting the task carried out by technology-based work communication, has now become a necessity. Gadgets seem to be an inseparable device from our work that uses a remote work system. The technology used also does not hinder the management of work communication coordination in presenting tasks. For remaining invincible with crop, organization, action and control. In this way, the entire effective work process can go well.

Issues and Strategies of Agile Methodology Adoption in Remote Working Environment: A Systematic Literature Review

Agile and remote work are two topics that are currently popular in the business world, especially in the information technology industry. Both have been implemented in several companies, but Covid-19 has made it more widely used. Even though remote work offers many conveniences such as saving transport time and flexibility of place, it contrasts with Agile which requires intense collaboration and communication. Some of the obstacles found in previous research were that the team had fewer opportunities for communication, a lot of time was spent on meetings, so it was easy to get distracted when working remotely. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review to answer what are the obstacles and strategies in adopting agile in remote work systems. This research found that, there are five majors factors that effected while implement remote agile; coordination, response to change, leadership, facilitating condition, and policies & guidelines.

Relationship Between Remote Work, Organizational Climate, and Work Stress on Employee Performance

The remote work system is developing to be a solution for increasing employee performance and one of the challenges is maintaining the organizational climate. Besides, remote work is expected to reduce stress. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop and empirically test a research model that includes these four factors. The developed model is a reflective construct. This study used a quantitative approach with the PLS-SEM technique with a total of 78 respondents. In addition, a multi-group analysis was carried out in the study to determine differences in results in gender. Data collection was carried out using a purposive sampling technique. The survey was distributed to research respondents from Tokopedia, Shopee, Bukalapak, Blibli, and Lazada. The results showed that remote work had a significant positive effect on employee performance, the organizational climate had a significant positive effect on remote work, and the organizational climate had a significant effect on work stress, and found a mediating role of remote work for the construct relationship between organizational climate and employee performance. The results of the multi-group analysis stated that in all the relationships studied, there was not enough evidence to accept significant differences in the male and female groups.

Praca zdalna po zmianach w Kodeksie pracy

One of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic was the introduction of a remote work system for those employees who could work outside of the workplace. The adoption of such a solution was made possible by the Act of March 2, 2020, on special solutions related to the prevention, counteracting and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crises caused by them, the Polish Journal Of Laws from 2020, item 374, as amended, commonly referred to as anti-COVID, or anti-crisis, shield. A temporary solution designed to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become, over time, a regular form of work. Therefore, there was a need to regulate the rules of remote work. The Marshal of the Sejm received the draft of the act amending the Polish Labor Code and certain other acts (print no. 2335) concerning precisely remote work. The purpose of this publication is to present the aforementioned draft of the act concerning remote work, as well as an analysis of the provisions introduced in the Polish Labor Code.

Role of a Manager in Managing Information in the Remote Work of Generation Z Employees

The increasing significance of information as an economic resource and a component of competitiveness results in that it has become essential for the smooth functioning and development of modern organisations. Possessing information provides a competitive advantage, which is why information is regarded as a strategic resource of an organisation, which supports various processes including: decision-making, employee communication, and knowledge management. For people from Generation Z, representing the youngest workers on the labour market, the availability of information constitutes a significant attribute of quality of life, as well as quality of work. The significance of information and the resulting information management takes on particular importance in a remote work system. The aim of this paper is to present the views of employees from Generation Z concerning the significance of information and the role of the superior in managing information in a remote work system. The research results presented in this paper are part of a nationwide quantitative study of workers from the youngest generation on the labour market. The study was carried out in December 2022 on a representative sample of Polish Generation Z employees who had experience of remote work. In order to learn the opinions of the young workers concerning the analysed issues, a survey was prepared and the questionnaire technique based on a five-point Likert scale was used. The results of the conducted research indicate that young people from generation Z positively assess the impact of remote working on both the speed of information exchange and the ability to understand the provided information, as well as assess its veracity. They were most appreciative of the speed of information transfer in remote working, and more doubtful about the reliability of the obtained information. In contrast, respondents assessed the amount of information flowing to employees working remotely in a negative manner. As can be seen from the obtained data, respondents appreciate the role of the manager in exchanging information in remote work, especially young employees with short experience in this form of work. Whereas, those with longer experience of remote working and working in micro organisations obtained information mainly from colleagues. However, it should be emphasized that despite the positive assessment of information sharing in remote working and the role played by the supervisor, the interviewed Generation Z employees indicated primarily that they would like to work stationary or in a hybrid manner in the future.

PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENYIMPANAN CLOUD STORAGE PADA DOKUMEN DIGITAL

Cloud storage is a digital document storage application which is the result of the development of a cloud computing system, this system utilizes the internet network in carrying out its business processes. Utilization of cloud storage applications on digital documents provides various conveniences for users, not only professional users who work for their organizations but can be used by individual personal users who use it to store personal documents. With the existence of a remote work system must be implemented, in disruption era which is slowly shifting conventional patterns, it also affects the process of storing digital documents into things that need to be implemented in organizations. Cloud storage supports collaboration which is easy to implement with colleagues, access can be done anywhere and anytime, to have advanced security. Online document storage provides benefits for business processes. The benefits of cloud storage are supporting paperless programs, making it easier to preserve digital documents, helping organizations in controlling data, mitigating disasters against unpredictable events, saving expenses, and having an advanced data security system. In addition to the benefits/conveniences offered by the service provider. User readiness needs to be considered. This will be a challenge aspect in implementing cloud storage, such as education and socialization regarding the use of cloud storage systems which are still not optimal, vulnerabilities in the misuse of document data stored in the cloud and requires superior human resources in the use of cloud storage.

Occupational self-efficacy as a predictor of work engagement employees working telecommuting during the covid-19 pandemic

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on changes in the work environment, which has shifted from traditional to digital. Many companies have started implementing remote work systems (telecommuting). The telecommuting work system cause employees to be able to adapt to new work rhythms and face all other obstacles. The impact of the pandemic presents a challenge for companies in maintaining employee engagement to survive in an uncertain environment. Therefore, this study aims to test occupational self-efficacy's predictive power on employees' work engagement who work telecommuting during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative approach with simple linear regression statistical analysis. In this study, 130 participants were found as active employees who worked at least two years in companies, had experience telecommuting during the pandemic, and were located in JABODETABEK. The results of simple linear regression showed that occupational self-efficacy was significantly able to predict 43.5% of the variance of work engagement (R2= 0.435, F (1, 128) = 98.698, p < 0.001).

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on management. remote work – new challenges for employees and companies

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to discuss issues related to remote work. The article is addressed to all persons who recently had to switch to remote work. Remote work is a novelty for many people. Just like every change, it often triggers adverse reactions, including fear, anxiety and reluctance. The article explores this type of work, presenting both its advantages and disadvantages. It summarises drawbacks and merits of remote work for both companies and individual employees. Moreover, it outlines challenges faced by companies and associated with the remote work system. Design/methodology/approach: Literature research of the subject was carried out. Findings: According to the data of OECD, we are currently one of the hardest working nations of Europe. However, this makes apparent the adverse trend related to remote work – a lot of overtime. This is a proof that many employees are unable to draw the line between their professional life and private life, with a significant harm to the latter. Therefore, the problem must be explored further. However, with a high degree of probability, where remote work proves to be effective, companies will combine remote and office work by deploying a hybrid work model. Such a solution is advantageous from both social – it is important for employees to experience team work and feel that they belong to a group – and well-being – isolation is often harmful for mental health – point of view. Practical implications: A modern organisation, corporation or company is an entity that quickly and decidedly responds to changing market needs. Every employee must be able to use modern technologies. Such skills turned out to be a necessity to perform tasks and professional duties, since use of cutting-edge technologies is a foundation of remote work. Originality/value: A holistic view on the issue of remote work from the perspective of employees for whom it is a novelty. Presentation of certain hazards associated with remote work along with its undeniable advantages for employees and employers. Keywords: company management, remote work, pandemics, human factor. Category of the paper: General review.

TEACHERS’ SOURCES OF STRESS AND THEIR COPING STRATEGIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article presents the results of research performed during the COVID-19 pandemic on a group of 56 primary school teachers from the Wielkopolska province in Poland who conducted online classes (between April 1 and June 15, 2021). The aim of the study was to identify the sources of stress and the respondents’ ways of coping with it. The subjects were tested with standardised psychometric tools: the Sense of Stress Questionnaire (KPS) by Mieczysław Plopa and Ryszard Makarowski, and the Stress Management Questionnaire (CISS) by Norman S. Endler and James D. A. Parker. A custom questionnaire was also used to collect data on organisational problems faced by the respondents due to remote work, as well as to deepen the analysis. The collected research results indicate a relationship between the respondents’ sources of stress and their coping strategies. It has been proved that the teachers’ predominant way of coping with stress is focusing on the task. Moreover, the vast majority of respondents claim that their main source of stress is the inconvenience of switching to a remote work system. The results demonstrate the ability to face situations that are subjectively considered difficult. Moreover, they point towards remote work as one of the important sources of stress for teachers.

Remote Work Support Needs of Employees with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Poland: Perspectives of Individuals with Autism and Their Coworkers.

Background and Aims: With remote work becoming more common across industries, employees with autism may experience different work support needs from neurotypical peers. However, the specific remote work needs of this group of employees are underexplored in the literature. We aim to propose ways to assess workplace digital adaptation needs for individuals with autism and a framework for communicating these needs to employers. Methods: This qualitative study included interviews with 13 Polish business professionals, including coworkers and/or supervisors of employees with autism (n = 9) and female employees with autism (n = 4), about their remote work support needs. Participants responded to semi-structured interview questions identifying advantages and risk factors associated with remote work for this specific group of employees. Results: Participants reported advantages of remote work, such as limiting sensory overload and intensive interpersonal contacts, indirect interpersonal communications, flexible work hours, and eliminating the need to travel to work. Participants also reported challenges of remote work, such as reducing wanted or helpful social contacts, engaging in direct electronic communications, limiting opportunities to learn from other employees, and managing work–life balance. Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for an autism-inclusive digitalized remote work design customized to the unique needs of employees on the autism spectrum. Business managers would be key partners in the design of autism-inclusive digitalized remote work systems. Additional research is needed with larger and more diverse samples of employees with autism.

The Organisation of Knowledge and Information Exchange in Remote Working Conditions in the Opinion of Generation Z

The purpose of this paper is to present the opinions of young people in the area of information exchange in a remote work system. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced companies to make massive use of remote work opportunities. This phenomenon made employers confront all the advantages and disadvantages of this form of work. It also revealed how many problems in terms of work organisation and organisation of information exchange are caused by this form of work. In order to investigate this issue, a study was carried out, the aim of which was to find out about the opinions of young people regarding remote work. The research was conducted in December 2021 on a sample of young people from Generation Z. For the research purposes a Likert scale-based questionnaire was used. The following tests were used for the purpose of the data analysis in the STATISTICA software: the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks test, the Mann-Whitney test and the Pearson's chi-square test. The strength of correlations between the variables was evaluated by means of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The results of the research reveal the relations in the area of information exchange in remote working conditions, and the preferences and experiences of young people in relation to remote learning and remote work. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the organisation of information exchange is an important factor determining the effectiveness of remote work. The expectations of Generation Z in this respect allow for better organisation of the information flow.

Remote work and Knowledge Exchange Strategies in the Opinions of Generation Z

The situation of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced many companies to switch to a remote work system. This phenomenon took a massive form in the first stage of the pandemic mainly due to the lockdown. However, in the following months, many employees found this professional arrangement convenient and conducive to the organisation of work and personal life. Remote work seems to be particularly attractive for employees of the young generation. At the same time, employers have noticed that this form of work definitely has benefits, but also brings disadvantages. Today, management practitioners are increasingly pointing to the hybrid work model as the preferred one. In order to learn about the preferences of the Generation Z employees in terms of the forms of work and their impact on various aspects of work, a survey was designed. The research was conducted in December 2021 on a sample of the Generation Z representatives with the aim to identify their attitudes and opinions about the remote type of work based on their experiences and expectations. For the research purposes, the Likert scale-based questionnaire technique was applied. The data was analysed in the STATISTICA program using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks test, Mann-Whitney test, and the Pearson's chi-square test. The strength of the correlation between the variables was assessed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The results of the research reveal interesting dependencies between the reasons for knowledge exchange in the remote work.

PERANCANGAN “HOME OFFICE DESK” MINIMALIS DALAM MENSIASATI PANDEMI

The spread of the Covid-19 virus has now spread throughout the world and has affected various fields, one of which is experiencing this influence, namely the field of work where many companies reduce the number of employees and changes in office work systems, such as companies doing remote work systems where workers do office work. from their homes without having to always come to the office. One of the jobs that use the system is a copywriter. In dealing with this, the author took the initiative to design a desk to support this and give the impression that the office stays focused on doing work and can increase productivity at work, with a design that remains comfortable when used and still pays attention to ergonomic values. Using qualitative research techniques with data expressed in the form of words, sentences and pictures, (Sugiyono, 2006; Pratiwi, 2017) designing a minimalist home office desk form that uses a modern style and additional features as support. A product needs to be adapted to the user and the place where the product is placed. This desk product with a minimalist home office desk concept is intended for students, students, and workers. Apart from being a supporter of this desk activity, it can be used as a complement in interior design.

Adoption of contactless technologies for remote work in Ghana post-Covid-19: Insights from technology-organisation-environment framework

The Covid-19 outbreak in early 2020 has changed people's way of life, work and access to information. This has led to the growth of contactless digital technologies for customers' and organisations' benefit. In this context, one specific area of interest is the remote work environment, especially the introduction of remote work systems (RWS) in organisations. Notwithstanding its growing importance, RWS implementation in developing countries has experienced several challenges. Thus, the purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the antecedents of RWS adoption in organisations among different industries in a developing country context. Using the technology, organisation and environment (TOE) framework, the study unearths the RWS antecedents through a quantitative method design (353 participants) in Ghana. Relative advantage, complexity, organisational readiness and competitive advantage had a significant impact on contactless digital technologies adoption while compatibility, top management support, competence and regulatory support were insignificant antecedents in a developing country context. Our study highlights the important role of RWS adoption factors in propelling users' interest in future innovations and new technologies. A successful convergence of the validated TOE factors would advance organisation's services, change traditional business models and transform business operations and social lives.

АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МАРКИРОВАНИЕ СЕТЕВОГО ТРАФИКА БРАУЗЕРА ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА И КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЛАТФОРМЫ "REMOTETOPOLOGY"

Purpose: Network traffic analysis is a security standard in most remote work systems. This task is becoming more complex every day due to the use of encryption systems on an increasing number of devices. The traditional method of traffic research in the OSI model does not provide the proper level of reliability. Method: Machine learning is one of the promising methods for solving the problem of network traffic analysis. In the first place is the identification of unwanted traffic, which can be interpreted as a tool for bypassing the system. In order for the system to be used in the educational and production process, it is necessary to take into account the issue of ergonomics of the solution. The influence of the monitoring and analysis system on the response rate. The purpose of the work: The purpose of the work is: the formation of tagged HTTP/HTTPS traffic data, to intercept encrypted tunnel traffic. It is proposed to develop a browser plugin whose tasks are to collect data from the user's browser using the Chromium API. The collected data is combined with network streams to form labeled data used later for ML model training datasets. Novelty: The novelty elements of the presented solution are the use of Machine learning to classify network traffic based on labeled data. Result: using the presented solution for automatic marking of browser network traffic for analysis and classification, we decided to consider the operation of each system in an independent encrypted channel. The launch of the RemoteTopology project has been switched to HTTP, while each connection is performed in its own VPN session and guarantees the security of the connection. Within the connection, the marking of streams is performed, which allows you to quickly and efficiently process data for subsequent ML analysis. Practical relevance: the presented solution is proposed to be implemented within the framework of the RemoteTopology platform to identify in real time deviations between the reference system that already identifies the user and "undesirable systems" that the user can use to bypass the protection system.

원격근무자의 자기효능감에 관한 연구

COVID-19 pandemic has affected every part of our daily lives and also business landscape. In firms, the adoption of remote work system has been sharply increasing and therefore it becomes important to understand how firms can effectively design and manage remote work system. In response to the increasing needs for research on remote work system, this study examined the role of self-efficacy in remote work environment. On the basis of Bandura(1986)’ 4-factor model of self-efficacy and Staples et al. (1999)'s study on the the self-efficacy in virtual organization, this study defined remote work experience, observation of supervisor’s remote work experience, fear of IT change, and supervisor coaching as the antecedents of self-efficacy in remote work environment. In addition, we examined whether trust in supervisor affects the relationship between supervisor coaching and self-efficacy. Using survey data we obtained from 463 workers who have remote work experiences, we found that remote work experience and supervisor coaching have a positive effect on self-efficacy, while fear of IT change has a negative effect on self-efficacy. We also found that the positive effect of supervisor coaching on self-efficacy becomes greater when workers have a trust in supervisor. This study confirmed that worker’s own remote work experience is the major determinant of self-efficacy in remote work environment. This study also found that supervisor’s role is very important in developing workers’ self-efficacy by exhibiting role behavior, giving coaching, and building supervisorworker trust.

Digitization in the Era of Coronavirus – A Review

In the modern world, the development of technology has a significant impact on various areas of human functioning. However, the appearance of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and the need to implement numerous restrictions resulted in an even greater increase in the importance of new technologies, especially in such sectors as education, administration, or finance. In Poland, the introduction of the remote work system encountered many difficulties related to the unpreparedness of previous structures to implement such solutions. An example of a country where they operate efficiently, responding to the problems that Poland faces today, is Estonia, in which, beginning from 2004, the state administration sector has been gradually replaced by a digital system based on Blockchain technology. At present, in Poland, appropriate steps are already taken by the Ministry of Digitization to digitize public administration in the form of a plan of four streams. Given the protracted pandemic, the possibilities for immediate solutions and considering the advantages and disadvantages of digitizing the state seem worth attention.