Remote Transfer Research Articles

Amplification of Dissymmetry for Circularly Polarized Photodetection by Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization.

Circularly polarized photodetectors require chiral light absorption materials with high sensing efficiency and low costs. Here readily accessible point chirality has been introduced to dicyanostilbenes as the chiral source, facilitating remote chirality transfer to the π-aromatic core by cooperative supramolecular polymerization. The single-handed supramolecular polymers display powerful circularly polarized photodetection capability with a dissymmetry factor value as high as 0.83, superior to those of π-conjugated small molecules and oligomers. Strong chiral amplification occurs between the enantiopure sergeants and the achiral soldiers. The resulting supramolecular copolymers exhibit comparable photodetection efficiency to those of the homopolymeric ones, with a 90 % decrease in the enantiopure compound consumption. Therefore, cooperative supramolecular polymerization provides an effective yet economical avenue toward circularly polarized photodetection applications.

Amplification of Dissymmetry for Circularly Polarized Photodetection by Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization

AbstractCircularly polarized photodetectors require chiral light absorption materials with high sensing efficiency and low costs. Here readily accessible point chirality has been introduced to dicyanostilbenes as the chiral source, facilitating remote chirality transfer to the π‐aromatic core by cooperative supramolecular polymerization. The single‐handed supramolecular polymers display powerful circularly polarized photodetection capability with a dissymmetry factor value as high as 0.83, superior to those of π‐conjugated small molecules and oligomers. Strong chiral amplification occurs between the enantiopure sergeants and the achiral soldiers. The resulting supramolecular copolymers exhibit comparable photodetection efficiency to those of the homopolymeric ones, with a 90 % decrease in the enantiopure compound consumption. Therefore, cooperative supramolecular polymerization provides an effective yet economical avenue toward circularly polarized photodetection applications.

Remote Site-Selective C(sp3)–H Monodeuteration of Unactivated Alkenes via Chain-Walking Strategy

The installation of deuterium atoms at distal C(sp3)–H bonds is a longstanding synthetic challenge. Through the synergistic combination of chain-walking strategy and transfer hydrodeuteration, we present the remote transfer hydrodeuteration of unactivated alkenes at distal C(sp3)–H sites, aided by native directing groups, using readily available pinacolborane (HBpin) and D2O as H– and D+ sources, respectively. Significantly, this tactic offers a complementary pattern to conventional hydrodeuteration methods that adduct H–D, or its surrogate, to unsaturated bonds. Both experimental data and density functional theory (DFT) studies demonstrated the critical role of the directing group in guiding the olefin isomerization process. DFT calculations suggest that it was the in situ-generated Ni(II)–hydride rather than Ni(I)–hydride that performed as active intermediates in the olefin insertion and isomerization steps.

Innovations in Cattle Farming: Application of Innovative Technologies and Sensors in the Diagnosis of Diseases.

Precision livestock farming has a crucial function as farming grows in significance. It will help farmers make better decisions, alter their roles and perspectives as farmers and managers, and allow for the tracking and monitoring of product quality and animal welfare as mandated by the government and industry. Farmers can improve productivity, sustainability, and animal care by gaining a deeper understanding of their farm systems as a result of the increased use of data generated by smart farming equipment. Automation and robots in agriculture have the potential to play a significant role in helping society fulfill its future demands for food supply. These technologies have already enabled significant cost reductions in production, as well as reductions in the amount of intensive manual labor, improvements in product quality, and enhancements in environmental management. Wearable sensors can monitor eating, rumination, rumen pH, rumen temperature, body temperature, laying behavior, animal activity, and animal position or placement. Detachable or imprinted biosensors that are adaptable and enable remote data transfer might be highly important in this quickly growing industry. There are already multiple gadgets to evaluate illnesses such as ketosis or mastitis in cattle. The objective evaluation of sensor methods and systems employed on the farm is one of the difficulties presented by the implementation of modern technologies on dairy farms. The availability of sensors and high-precision technology for real-time monitoring of cattle raises the question of how to objectively evaluate the contribution of these technologies to the long-term viability of farms (productivity, health monitoring, welfare evaluation, and environmental effects). This review focuses on biosensing technologies that have the potential to change early illness diagnosis, management, and operations for livestock.

Highly vibration-resistant sub-Hertz ultra-stable laser passing over 1700 km transport test

We present a compact ultra-stable laser at 1550 nm with a line-width of 0.57 Hz, achieved using a 50-mm length cubic optical cavity. With the help of elaborate investigation of the vibration behavior of the cavity in three directions, its physical structure was optimized for significantly improved insensitivity to vibration by increasing the first-order resonance frequency almost twice that of the previous setup. The anti-vibration capability of the ultra-stable laser was then verified in the long-distance highway transport test over more than 1700 km, which shows nearly unchanged performance compared to that before transport. A fractional frequency instability of ∼ 2.6 × 10−15 was observed at 1–10 s, approaching the thermal noise floor. To our knowledge, this is the longest-distance transport vibration test for a practical transportable laser to date. The presented system will act as the local optical oscillator for high-precision remote optical frequency transfer, and the design strategy is valuable for space-borne laser applications.

UAV-Based Servicing of IoT Nodes: Assessment of Ecological Impact.

Internet of Things (IoT) nodes get deployed for a variety of applications and often need to operate on batteries. This restricts their autonomy and/or can have a major ecological impact. The core idea of this paper is to use a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to provide energy to IoT nodes, and hence prolong their autonomy. In particular, the objective is to perform a comparison of the total energy consumption resulting from UAV-based recharging or battery replacement versus full provisioning at install time or remote RF-based wireless power transfer. To that end, an energy consumption model for a small license-free UAV is derived, and expressions for system efficiencies are formulated. An exploration of design and deployment parameters is performed. Our assessment shows that UAV-based servicing of IoT nodes is by far more beneficial in terms of energy efficiency when nodes at distances further than a few meters are serviced, with the gap increasing to orders of magnitude with the distance. Our numerical results also show that battery swapping from an energy perspective outperforms recharging in the field, as the latter increases hovering time and the energy consumption related to that considerably. The ecological aspects of the proposed methods are further evaluated, e.g., considering toxic materials and e-waste.

Cumulative Effects in 100 kHz Repetition‐Rate Laser‐Induced Plasma Filaments in Air

Cumulative effects are crucial for applications of laser filaments, such as for the remote transfer of energy and the control of electric discharges. Up to now, studies of cumulative effects in the air of high‐repetition‐rate pulse trains have been performed at lower rates than 10 kHz. Herein, the nonlinear effects associated with short plasma filaments produced by pulses of moderate energy (0.4 mJ per pulse) and repetition rates up to 100 kHz are experimentally characterized. With increasing repetition rate, a decrease in absorption, fluorescence emission, and breakdown voltage and concurrently an increase in peak intensity and third‐harmonic‐generation efficiency are observed. Hydrodynamic simulations of the heated gas show that the observed decreases are directly related to a quasi‐stationary state of reduced gas density in the filament. However, further investigations are required to fully understand the physics underpinning the observed sharp reduction of the breakdown voltage at 100 kHz repetition rates. The results may prove relevant for energy and information delivery applications by laser‐induced air waveguide or electric discharge and lightning control.

A Review on Digital Twin Technology in Smart Grid, Transportation System and Smart City: Challenges and Future

With recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT), the bleeding edge concept of digital twin (DT) has enticed the attention of many researchers to revolutionize the entire modern industries. DT concept refers to a digital representation of a physical entity that is able to reflect its physical behavior by applying platforms and bidirectional interaction of data in real-time. The remarkable deployment of the internet of things in the power grid has led to reliable access to information that improves its performance and equips it with a powerful tool for real-time data management and analysis. This paper aims to trace the continuous investigation and propose practical ideas in originating and developing DT technology, according to various application domains of power systems, and also describes the proposed solutions to deal with the challenges associated with DT. Indeed, with the development of modern cities, different energy layers such as transportation systems, smart grids, and microgrids have emerged facing various issues that challenge the multi-dimensional energy management system. For example, in transportation systems, traffic is a major problem that requires real-time management, planning, and analysis. In power grids, remote data transfer within the grid and also various analyzes needing real data are just some of the current challenges in the field. These problems can be cracked by providing and analyzing a real twin framework in each section. All in all, this paper aims to survey different applications of DT in the development of the various aspects of energy management within a city including transportation systems, power grids, and microgrids. Besides, the security of DT technology based on ML is discussed. It also provides a complete view for the readers to be able to develop and deploy a DT technology for various power system applications.

Kinetics of luminescence decay of nanocrystals: physical models and approximation by a sum of three exponential functions

The measurement of the kinetics of luminescence decay of nanocrystals (NCs) --- quantum dots (QDs), nanowires, nanoplates and quantum rings --- is an important tool for studying the photodynamics of their excited states, that allows identifying the type and number of traps for charge carriers (electrons, holes) or acceptors of excitation energy (molecules, other QDs) located on the surface or near the NCs, as well as to estimate the energy of traps and to determine the mechanism of transfer of the energy of electronic excitation from the NCs to acceptors. Usually, the kinetics of luminescence decay is approximated by a sum of two or three exponential functions. In this case, the fitting parameters are the amplitudes and decay times of the exponential components. This paper analyzes the experimental conditions under which such an approximation has a clear physical meaning (long-range nonradiative energy transfer, contact quenching of luminescence, reversible trapping of charge carriers), and establishes a relationship between the fitting parameters. Keywords: nanocrystals, kinetics of luminescence decay, approximation by a sum of three exponential functions.

A LITERATURE SURVEY OF SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES IN INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS

A technology answer to the world's health concerns, ubiquitous healthcare is being considered. A combination of rising healthcare expenses and a growing demand for high-quality medical care has led to this. The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has a greater impact on IoMT. Improved health care and safety are being provided to millions of people worldwide as a result of the Internet of Things (IoMT). Remote monitoring and transfer of data can provide medical data centres, such as those in the cloud, with real-time access to patient health characteristics. As a result, healthcare is more accessible, more effective, and less expensive. It's a problem, however, because of the proliferation of Internet of Things devices. This poses a problem because IoMT devices are compact and have a limited number of schemes and computing power. It is challenging to administer and safeguard IoMT systems because of their widespread use. This is a major problem that prevents the therapeutic application of IoMT. Internet of Things (IoT) security issues, threats, requirements, and potential future research are all covered in this report. Existing solutions and unresolved issues in the realms of security and privacy are also receiving considerable attention. This paper provides a general overview of the various art techniques by using a recognised solution.

ERDAC: Efficient and Reliable Remote Direct Access and Control for Embedded Systems

Emerging embedded systems, such as autonomous vehicles, demand highly efficient remote data transfer, whereas existing networking hardware and protocols cause high communication latency and CPU consumption. In this article, we propose embedded RDAC (eRDAC), an efficient and reliable remote direct access and control solution for embedded systems. The proposed remote access controller in eRDAC has a two-layer protocol offload engine that employs the command/response protocol on UDP to ensure the data reliability and security, and a multichannel DMA controller with configurable priority to improve the efficiency. Besides, a reusable hardware Ethernet MAC is implemented to support not only remote access commands but also standard Ethernet communication. We implement eRDAC on FPGA and the corresponding software in the Linux system. Experimental results show that eRDAC can reduce the latency of remote I/O reading/writing by 74.3%/74.9% ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.76\times /3.98\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance improvement) and reduce the latency of remote memory reading and writing with 1024B by 54.2% compared to the socket-based communication. Meanwhile, eRDAC can cut off the consumption of the remote processor and achieve 0.250mJ/Mb energy consumption with only 25-mW power.

Digital-Twin-Enabled IoMT System for Surgical Simulation Using rAC-GAN

A digital-twin (DT)-enabled Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system for telemedical simulation is developed, systematically integrated with mixed reality (MR), 5G cloud computing, and a generative adversarial network (GAN) to achieve remote lung cancer implementation. Patient-specific data from 90 lung cancer with pulmonary embolism (PE)-positive patients, with 1372 lung cancer control groups, were gathered from Qujing and Dehong, and then transmitted and preprocessed using 5G. A novel robust auxiliary classifier GAN (rAC-GAN)-based intelligent network is employed to facilitate lung cancer with the PE prediction model. To improve the accuracy and immersion during remote surgical implementation, a real-time operating room perspective from the perception layer with a surgical navigation image is projected to the surgeon’s helmet in the application layer using the DT-based MR guide clue with 5G. The accuracies of the area under the curve (AUC) of our new intelligent IoMT system were 0.92 and 0.93. Furthermore, the pathogenic features learned from our rAC-GAN model are highly consistent with the statistical epidemiological results. The proposed intelligent IoMT system generates significant performance improvement to process substantial clinical data at cloud centers and shows a novel framework for remote medical data transfer and deep learning analytics for DT-based surgical implementation.

Penerapan Sistem SCADA Audit Energi Listrik Berbasis Raspberry-Pi Codesys Dengan Komunikasi Modbus TCP Di Workshop Elektro Politeknik Enjinering Indorama.

The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on almost all sectors of people's lives including the industrial sector.. According to Director of Energy Conservation Haryanto, the efforts that the industry can do to survive the current pandemic period is with conservation and energy efficiency, because when an industry has implemented an energy efficiency system, the industry will be able to reduce energy costs and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This research aims to create a prototype system that can support effective and efficient energy utilization efforts through the monitoring system of electricity use in the Politeknik Enjinering indorama Electrical department Workshop building so that it is expected to be used as a reference for energy audit systems both in the community environment and in the Politeknik Enjinering Indorama in order to aim for energy utilization. In this system Nodemcu ESP 8266 which acts as an RTU (Remote Transfer Unit) will send the results of processing data measurement sensor PZEM 004t to MTU (Master Transfer Unit) Raspberry pi using the Communication Protocol Modbus TCP, then the data received by MTU from RTU will be displayed to the display HMI (Human Machine Interface) Webvisu from Codesys so that sensor measurement data can be monitored in real time in the Politeknik Enjinering indorama Electrical department Workshop building either through the Computer or mobile phone. Based on the results of PZEM04T sensor testing for energy use for 30 days obtained the largest energy usage data, namely on line 1 of 83235.31 KWh, on line 2 of 79122.49 KWh and on line 3 of 26289.15 with accuracy rates for each line1, 2 and 3 which is 4.46%, 4.87% and 9.89%. The conclusion of this study that the system successfully functioned in accordance with the purpose of the study is to monitor the use of electrical energy in the Electrical Engineering wokshop building both through mobile phones and PCs in real time to be further referenced to the process of effective and efficient energy utilization in the future.Keywords: Energy Audit; PZEM04T; Raspberry Pi Codesys; Modbus TCP.

Reduced dopant-induced scattering in remote charge-transfer-doped MoS2 field-effect transistors.

Efficient doping for modulating electrical properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors is essential for meeting the versatile requirements for future electronic and optoelectronic devices. Because doping of semiconductors, including TMDCs, typically involves generation of charged dopants that hinder charge transport, tackling Coulomb scattering induced by the externally introduced dopants remains a key challenge in achieving ultrahigh mobility 2D semiconductor systems. In this study, we demonstrated remote charge transfer doping by simply inserting a hexagonal boron nitride layer between MoS2 and solution-deposited n-type dopants, benzyl viologen. A quantitative analysis of temperature-dependent charge transport in remotely doped devices supports an effective suppression of the dopant-induced scattering relative to the conventional direct doping method. Our mechanistic investigation of the remote doping method promotes the charge transfer strategy as a promising method for material-level tailoring of electrical and optoelectronic devices based on TMDCs.

Phase-drift cancellation for a phase-shifted signal on remote fiber link transfer using a phase-compensation technique.

A stable frequency transmission of a phase-shifted frequency signal in an optical fiber link is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using a phase-compensation technique, where phase drift produced by the mechanical stress and temperature acting on the optical fiber link is compensated based on feedback optical signal processing employing a phase modulator. An ultra-stable beam-forming signal conducive to the flexible distribution of phased array radar is obtained at the remote node. The experimental results implement a full 360° phase shift over a frequency range from 10 to 20 GHz through 200 km single-mode fiber, with Allan deviations of ∼7.65×10-17 at average time of 1000 s and a root mean square jitter less than 0.39 ps. The proposed scheme is beneficial to implementation of high-resolution imaging in phased array radar.

Direct and remote induced actuation in artificial muscles based on electrospun fiber networks

The present work reports a new configuration of soft artificial muscle based on a web of metal covered nylon 6/6 micrometric fibers attached to a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. The preparation process is simple and implies the attachment of metalized fiber networks to a PDMS sheet substrate while heating and applying compression. The resulting composite is versatile and can be cut in different shapes as a function of the application sought. When an electric current passes through the metallic web, heat is produced, leading to local dilatation and to subsequent controlled deformation. Because of this, the artificial muscle displays a fast and ample movement (maximum displacement of 0.8 cm) when applying a relatively low voltage (2.2 V), a consequence of the contrast between the thermal expanse coefficients of the PDMS substrate and of the web-like electrode. It was shown that the electrical current producing this effect can originate from both direct electric contacts, and untethered configurations i.e. radio frequency induced. Usually, for thermal activated actuators the heating is produced by using metallic films or conductive carbon-based materials, while here a fast heating/cooling process is obtained by using microfiber-based heaters. This new approach for untethered devices is an interesting path to follow, opening a wide range of applications were autonomous actuation and remote transfer of energy are needed.

End-to-end security in embedded system for modern mobile communication technologies

Modern mobile electronic devices such as smartphones or cell phones can now be used for distant devices such as technical systems to monitor and control. While surveillance systems do not require high standards navigating about the time of transfer of the displayed data. More real-time data are needed for a remote mobile robot transfer. Therefore, it has investigated and measured not only the possibilities of employing mobile devices. But also, the supported data transmission channels, such as UMTS, GSM, Wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. The remote-control system is used in many applications such as smart homes, cities, smart hospitals, etc., but it must be today updated to ensure fast-changing technology. Extensive coverage, remote control, and reliable operation in real-time in the deployment of wireless security knowledge. The home automation control system delivers significant features together with a user-friendly interface. A secure remote-based end-to-end security system NTMobile, a technique that enables NAT to provide transverse and encrypted communication from end to end. This confirmed that evaluating the performance of the system in the ECHONET lite compatible smartphone ecosystem. This gives flexibility in configuring time-sensitive industrial networks and enables them to be secured. A safe and reliable remote-control system is also conceivable under the privacy of the user.

Preliminary Application of a Low-cost Smart Collar Developed for Wild Animal Tracking

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has been used in many different fields for many years. In recent years, GPS technologies have started to be preferred along with telemetry method in the monitoring and tracking of wild animal. This technology has been widely used especially in developing collars for wild animal tracking. However, due to the high cost of such devices and limited user intervention, they are not commonly used by practitioners or researchers with limited budget. Today, many hardware-based platforms have been developed with the developing technology. The Arduino platform, one of the prominent ones with its technical features, has great advantages of having different sensors and hardware work on single device. Besides, it is possible to produce cost-effective devices using this platform. Within the scope of this study, an Arduino-based wild animal tracking device (FiT-SMART Collar 2.0) with GPS support and remote data transfer via GSM was produced. The produced device was preliminary tested with a vehicle in the city traffic of Bursa, Türkiye. According to the results, the accuracy of the tracking data provided by smart collar was within the acceptable range of 2-3 m. Besides, instant tracking data has been successfully received in the system application using the GSM data transfer system attached on the platform.

Strong long-range spin-spin coupling via a Kerr magnon interface

Strong long-range coupling between distant spins is crucial for spin-based quantum information processing. However, achieving such a strong spin-spin coupling remains challenging. Here we propose to realize a strong coupling between two distant spins via the Kerr effect of magnons in a yttrium-iron-garnet nanosphere. By applying a microwave field on this nanosphere, the Kerr effect of magnons can induce the magnon squeezing, so that the coupling between the spin and the squeezed magnons can be exponentially enhanced. This in turn allows the spin-magnon distance increased from nano- to micrometer scale. By considering the virtual excitation of the squeezd magnons in the dispersive regime, strong spin-spin coupling mediated by the squeezed magnons can be achieved, and a remote quantum-state transfer, as well as the nonlocal two-qubit iSWAP gate with high fidelity becomes implementable. Our approach offers a feasible scheme to perform quantum information processing among distant spins.

Solid State Heat Pipe Based Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic Power Generation at Local Energy Emergencies

Through this work, we have studied a thermoelectric generator-based waste heat recovery system with a low response time for fast energy generation under low and high direct normal solar radiations. Under direct normal radiation of 1000 W m-2, a TEG voltage up to~3 V has been observed within a saturation time of~900 s. A large temperature gradient (15000 K/m) is produced between hot and cold ends of the TEG module under a simple application of solid-fluid convective heat exchanger. Our results show the potential of remote heating and heat transfer for TEG power generation for small scale power emergencies.