Remote Transfer Research Articles

Remote chirality transfer in low-dimensional hybrid metal halide semiconductors.

In hybrid metal halide perovskites, chiroptical properties typically arise from structural symmetry breaking by incorporating a chiral A-site organic cation within the structure, which may limit the compositional space. Here we demonstrate highly efficient remote chirality transfer where chirality is imposed on an otherwise achiral hybrid metal halide semiconductor by a proximal chiral molecule that is not interspersed as part of the structure yet leads to large circular dichroism dissymmetry factors (gCD) of up to 10-2. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the transfer of stereochemical information from the chiral proximal molecule to the inorganic framework is mediated by selective interaction with divalent metal cations. Anchoring of the chiral molecule induces a centro-asymmetric distortion, which is discernible up to four inorganic layers into the metal halide lattice. This concept is broadly applicable to low-dimensional hybrid metal halides with various dimensionalities (1D and 2D) allowing independent control of the composition and degree of chirality.

Deterministic and multiuser quantum teleportation network of continuous-variable polarization states

Quantum teleportation is widely applied as a key ingredient in quantum information science, and quantum network provides unique abilities for upscaling its applications. Polarization state of light is a vital degree of freedom with the advantages of remote transfer and direct light-atom interaction. To construct a multiuser quantum network, deterministic quantum teleportation of polarization state in more users' network remains challenging. Compared with photonic quantum state, the deterministic quantum teleportation network of polarization state is realized with a single set of continuous-variable entangled states. The key techniques include only one set of quadrature entangled network, single quadrature controller, and active polarization controller. Arbitrary polarization state is deterministically and controllably teleported in such a system involving four or three users. This system is deterministic and scalable with user number, which enables the potential application in deterministic metropolitan quantum network. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Technology Gaps for Monitoring Birds and Marine Mammals at Offshore Wind Facilities

Abstract With increased focus on offshore wind (OSW) as a renewable energy resource in the United States and elsewhere, there are concerns about OSW impacts to wildlife, particularly birds and marine mammals. This study identifies technology gaps and technological research and development (R&D) priorities for monitoring marine mammals and birds for fixed and floating OSW. A synthesis of current monitoring technologies generated two databases (with over 100 technologies) that can be integrated in current technology repositories for renewable energy projects. Generally, the key technology R&D needs are similar for birds and marine mammals. The main exception is that some types of bird technologies are more likely to require direct integration with OSW infrastructure, whereas marine mammal systems tend to operate independently. Priorities to advance wildlife monitoring include improved early communication, harmonization of technologies and data collection for monitoring systems on OSW structures, battery/power access improvements, remote data transfer improvements, and advancements in automated collection and analysis of data. The successful integration of wildlife monitoring systems into OSW infrastructure and operations is dependent on remote access mechanisms for data collection, system maintenance, and data transfer, in order to minimize risks to worker safety in the offshore environment, as well as minimizing costs and disruption to normal operational activities. Application of the results of this study to prioritize and fund technology R&D will help to support statistically robust data collection and practicable integration of monitoring systems into OSW operations and infrastructure.

“Heating where it hurts”: Electromagnetic induction remote energy transfer to a solid catalyst enables waste polymer upcycling

Electromagnetic induction heating currently attracts significant attention as a means to electrify catalytic processes and leverage a highly specific and localized energy supply. This Comment article features the application of this unconventional energy input for waste polymer conversion to fuel hydrocarbons.

Multispectral radiation thermometry platform based on wireless data transmission.

In metal smelting, precise temperature control is of vital importance for reaction rates, efficiency, and product quality. Traditional methods such as thermocouples have inherent limitations, but multispectral radiation thermometry (MRT) offers high resolution and reliability. This paper proposes a multispectral radiation thermometry platform featuring wireless data transmission, which enables remote data transfer and precise temperature measurements. The platform was meticulously calibrated, and six common emissivity models were inverted with high accuracy. The results of temperature measurements conducted at a copper smelting site demonstrated an excellent degree of agreement with those obtained using disposable thermocouples. The platform has the potential to be applied in harsh environments, offering, to our knowledge, a novel approach to temperature measurement in metal smelting processes.

Networking Aspects of the Electronic Health Records: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2) vs HTTP/3.

The rapid development of the digital healthcare and the electronic health records (EHR) requires smooth networking infrastructure to access data using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)-based applications. The new HTTP/3 standard should provide performance and security improvements over HTTP/2. The goal of our work was to test the performance of HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 in the context of the EHRs. We used 45,000 test FHIR Patient resources downloaded and uploaded using 20, 50, 100 and 200 resources per Bundle, which resulted in 2251, 901, 451 and 226 HTTP GET and POST requests respectively. The first test downloading 20 resources per Bundle showed that HTTP/3 outperformed HTTP/2 in the local (mean request time 16.57 ms ± 7.2 standard deviation [SD]) and in the remote network (71.45 ms ± 43.5 SD) which is almost 3 times faster. In the 50 and 100 resources per Bundle test the HTTP/3 protocol demonstrated again more than two times gain in downloading performance for remote requests with mean request time 91.13 ms ± 34.54 SD and 88.09 ms ± 21.66 SD respectively. Furthermore, HTTP/3 outperformed HTTP/2 in the constructed clinical dataset remote transfer. In the upload tests HTTP/3 showed only a slight gain in performance merely in the remote network. The HTTP/3 protocol is a relatively new development and a major improvement for the worldwide web. This new technology is still missing in the digital health and EHRs. Its use could offer a major performance gain in situations where data is gathered from multiple remote locations.

Improved Identification of Forest Types in the Loess Plateau Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data, Transfer Learning, and Neural Residual Networks

This study aims to establish a deep learning-based classification framework to efficiently and rapidly distinguish between coniferous and broadleaf forests across the Loess Plateau. By integrating the deep residual neural network (ResNet) architecture with transfer learning techniques and multispectral data from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Landsat remote sensing data, the effectiveness of the framework was validated through well-designed experiments. The study began by selecting optimal spectral band combinations, using the random forest algorithm. Pre-trained models were then constructed, and model performance was optimized with different training strategies, considering factors such as image size, sample quantity, and model depth. The results indicated substantial improvements in the model’s classification accuracy and efficiency for reasonable image dimensions and sample sizes, especially for an image size of 3 × 3 pixels and 2000 samples. In addition, the application of transfer learning and model fine-tuning strategies greatly enhanced the adaptability and universality of the model in different classification scenarios. The fine-tuned model achieved remarkable performance improvements in forest-type classification tasks, increasing classification accuracy from 85% to 93% in Zhengning, from 89% to 96% in Yongshou, and from 86% to 94% in Baishui, as well as exceeding 90% in all counties. These results not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework, but also emphasize the roles of image size, sample quantity, and model depth in improving the generalization ability and classification accuracy of the model. In conclusion, this research has developed a technological framework for effective forest landscape recognition, using a combination of multispectral data from UAVs and Landsat satellites. This combination proved to be more effective in identifying forest types than was using Landsat data alone, demonstrating the enhanced capability and accuracy gained by integrating UAV technology. This research provides valuable scientific guidance and tools for policymakers and practitioners in forest management and sustainable development.

High-Precision Fiber Noise Detection and Comparison over a 260 km Field Fiber Link.

In this paper, we present a high-precision optical frequency noise detection and comparison technique using a two-way transfer method over a 260 km field fiber link. This method allows for the comparison of optical frequencies between remote optical references without the need for data transfer through communication. We extend a previously established two-way comparison technique to obtain all data at the local site. Two optical carrier signals are injected into the bidirectional fiber from both ends, and one carrier is reflected back from the remote end. This enables the phase comparison of the two carrier signals at a single site without the need to transmit experimental data. The common-mode frequency noise induced by the bidirectional fiber link is detected and effectively suppressed without the need for sophisticated active fiber noise control. Our demonstration system, which uses a 260 km field fiber link and a common laser source, achieves a fractional instability of 2.5×10-17 at 1 s averaging time and scales down to 3.5×10-21 at 8000 s. This scheme offers the distinct advantage of completing the comparison at a single site, eliminating the need for remote data transfer via communication. This method is expected to enhance reliability for high-precision frequency comparisons between remote optical clocks and advanced atomic clocks.

Higher Education in Uzbekistan: Transition to Digital Learning

The author analyzes stages of digitalization and the emergence of new digital technologies, which represent a huge educational potential. The possibilities of digital technologies in the educational process of the university are also considered. The economic development in Uzbekistan presupposes an active position of the educational community in analyzing and developing new proposals in the context of digitalization of higher professional education. The situation is such that it is simply impossible for us not to use digital in order to keep up with further processes of informatization and digitalization in education. The article discusses the benefits and some challenging aspects that have impacted Uzbek Universities and Technical Institutes (HEIs of Uzbekistan) as they continue to educate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. This reflects the impact of unprecedented COVID-19 on the educational services of higher education institutions. There was suddenly an expectation that universities would adhere to COVID-19 prevention measures, including social distancing and hygiene. As a result, many universities have switched to remote transfer of knowledge and courses. This article encourages university leaders to embrace online teaching methods and digital learning systems that support universities to continue educational processes in the post-COVID-19 era. The author conclude that the digitalization of education is changing the content of the courses taught, as well as the flow of information, this is not only presentations or videos, but these are also direct connections to information networks, databases, forums. The article summarizes, demonstrating key implications for university presidents and identifying future research directions for academia.

Remote sensing-enhanced transfer learning approach for agricultural damage and change detection: A deep learning perspective

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, there has been a growing awareness of safety among people worldwide. Natural disasters such as wildfires, earthquakes, and floods pose persistent threats to both lives and property on our planet, which serves as our fundamental habitat. While it is impossible to prevent or entirely avert these calamities, rapid identification of affected areas and prompt damage assessment post-disaster can significantly aid in the formulation of effective rescue strategies, ultimately saving more lives. This article delves into the application of transfer learning in satellite image damage assessment—a methodology that involves transferring previously acquired knowledge to enhance a model's adaptability to new tasks. Given the limited availability of datasets for satellite image analysis, transfer learning proves to be an effective approach. Specifically, the study proposes a transfer learning method based on YOLOv5 for satellite image damage assessment. Initially, a general convolutional neural network model is trained using a substantial dataset of natural images. Subsequently, the early layers of this model are frozen, while the later layers undergo training to adapt to satellite image data. Fine-tuning is then employed to further enhance the overall model performance. The results demonstrate that this approach yields a high accuracy rate in satellite image damage assessment. Moreover, compared to conventional deep learning methods, the proposed method effectively leverages pre-trained models' knowledge, thereby reducing data dependency. Additionally, it displays robust generalization capabilities across diverse tasks and datasets, underscoring its potential for facilitating transfer learning across various domains.

Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm on the Design of Satellite Orbits for Common-View Laser Time Transfer

Laser Time Transfer (LTT) has proven to be able to improve remote time transfer accuracy compared to microwave technology. The impact of satellite clock errors and atmospheric delays during LTT will be further reduced in the common-view mode. The challenge is presented as an optimization problem that is limited by satellite trajectories. This paper introduces an improved simulated annealing algorithm designed to maximize the common-view possibility among various station pairs within regional Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) networks by optimizing satellite orbit trajectories. The study proposes a system model that integrates LTT principles with satellite visibility considerations. The simulated annealing algorithm is improved with new annealing strategies that incorporate control strategies, and modify the cooling function. Comparative simulation analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, resulting in a significant reduction in computation time by over 10 times. The optimized orbits exhibit common-view windows between 3.337 and 8.955 times longer than existing orbits. Further simulations are conducted to optimize the orbits, and common-view models are established for 45 pairs among 10 stations. The optimizations result in common-view times ranging from 6.183 to 60.633 min in the Asia-Pacific region and from 5.583 to 61.75 min in the Europe-to-Asia region. This can provide valuable references for designing satellite constellations.

Improved performance of BDS-3 time and frequency transfer based on an epoch differenced model with receiver clock estimation

The carrier phase (CP) technique based on the BeiDou Global Satellite Navigation System (BDS-3) has proven to be a crucial spatial tool for remote time and frequency transfer. The current CP technique models the receiver clock offset as a white noise stochastic process and easily absorbs some unmodeled errors, thus compromising the time and frequency transfer performance. To further improve the performance of time and frequency transfer, a new BDS-3 receiver clock estimation algorithm based on the epoch difference (ED) model is presented, and the mathematical principles and applied modes are discussed. The algorithm makes full use of both observations of the current epoch and practical variations of the receiver clock offset, further improving the performance of time and frequency transfer. Five Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System Experiment network stations equipped with various types of receivers and antennas with dual-frequency BDS-3 signals were used to establish four time transfer links (i.e., AMC4–PTBB, BRUX–PTBB, OP71–PTBB, and WTZS–PTBB) to evaluate their effectiveness. The ED model improves all the four time links in terms of noise level, with improvements of 17.0%, 18.3%, 20.3%, and 5.9%, respectively, when compared with the results from a non-ED model. The ED model outputs were better than the raw solutions in terms of frequency stability at all time links, particularly for average time intervals (tau) < 1000 s. The mean improvement was 8.1% for AMC4–PTBB, 16.1% for BRUX–PTBB, 10.0% for OP71–PTBB, and 18.6% for WTZS–PTBB when the average time (tau) was less than 1000 s.

DNN-based Secure Remote Patient Data Analysis Framework for Improving Human Life Expectancy in Healthcare 4.0

The evolution of healthcare from its early beginnings to the recent healthcare 4.0 revolution has remarkably improved human life and living standards. The integration of emerging technologies has played a pivotal role in this progress. Notably, remote analysis of patient data has emerged as a promising approach, enabling telemedicine and remote patient monitoring enhancing healthcare accessibility and efficiency. However, the vulnerabilities of patient data to malicious network attacks pose critical challenges in the healthcare industry, potentially compromising patients’ safety and undermining trust in the system. Thus, we have introduced a cutting-edge deep neural network (DNN) model to mitigate the risks associated with remote patient data transfer in healthcare 4.0 by bifurcating the data into malicious or non-malicious. The primary objective of the proposed framework is to ensure the secure and private communication of patient data, thereby fostering a more dependable and trustworthy healthcare ecosystem. Finally, the proposed framework is evaluated against various standard metrics such as accuracy, loss considering binary cross-entropy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, precision-recall curve and confusion matrix. The implications of the proposed framework offer data security to the healthcare system as it contributes to creating a more resilient and dependable ecosystem, thus promoting better patient care and ultimately elevating the overall life expectancy and well-being of individuals.

Magnetite-equipped algal-rich sediments for microbial fuel cells: Remediation of sediment organic matter pollution and mechanisms of remote electron transfer

Using the bio-electrochemical methods for the restoration of high algae sediments is full of potential and challenges. How to promote extracellular electron transfer (EET) process in microbial fuel cells (MFC) is the key bottleneck. The study had explored the potential application of magnetite on accelerating electron transfer for improving the output of MFC and sediment pollution remediation. The results indicated that the organic matter degradation rate showed a remarkable increase of 27.45 %, and the voltage output was approximately 1.68 times higher compared to the MFC configured with regular sediment. Abundant electroactive bacteria (EABs), such as Geobacter and Burkholderiaceae, and fermentative bacteria were responsible for these results, accompanied by the enhanced fluorescence of humic substances (HS), increased concentration and activity of cytochrome C (25.05 % and 21.12 %), as well as elevated extracellular polymeric substance content. Moreover, the intrinsic EET mechanisms among Fe-oxides, HS, and EABs were explored. According to the electrochemical analysis and substance transformation, the EET process involved four stages: magnetite-enhanced direct electron transfer via strong conductivity, iron respiration mediating electron transfer to the electrode, the model quinone substance acting as an electron shuttle facilitating EET and iron reduction, and iron cycling mediating electron transfer. This study provides an effective strategy for pollution remediation in algal-rich sediment, which was beneficial for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of both algae and sediment, simultaneously.

Revelations of interannual dune evolution from the swiftest aeolian system on Mars by MRO/HiRISE long-term monitoring

The north polar region of Mars, with its greater atmospheric pressure and vast inventory of ever-changing volatiles (e.g., CO2, H2O), hosts arguably the most active and diverse aeolian bedform systems on the planet. Here, we explore how these dune fields evolve spatiotemporally using up to 8 Mars years (16 Earth years) of MRO HiRISE observations to test the impact of various boundary conditions on annual mobility. A high degree of sand flux heterogeneity was observed for some dunes, whereas other sites displayed steady-state migration relative to long-term rates. These large changes in annual migration are attributed to the variable length of the frost-free seasons, sediment availability in relation to the timing of peak katabatic winds, and the influence of global dust storms on seasonal ice thickness. Consistent with our previous work, we continue to observe extremely high transport rates at Olympia Cavi. All stages of aeolian system evolution are observable (sand patch > protodune > dune), along with additional phenomena not previously observed outside of terrestrial settings (e.g., dune calving and collisions, remote transfer). Transitory protodunes may evolve from modest sand mounds to prominent barchans with slipfaces several meters tall within 3–5 Mars years, while adjacent duneforms may suffer slipfaces collapse as they lose sand supply. These Martian protodunes, which appear to be larger than terrestrial equivalents, and mature dunes found downwind are among the swiftest yet reported on Mars. These rapidly evolving cryo-aeolian systems provide a window into longer-term landscape evolution of non-polar dune fields.

Об итогах и уроках председательства России в Арктическом совете (2021–2023 гг.)

The article summarizes the results of Russia’s chairmanship in the Arctic Council (AC, Council) in 2021–2023, analyzes the relationship with the state national and international policy, and systematizes the key results. The authors identify four main periods of Russian chairmanship. The article presents general logical, theoretical, and empirical research methods. It is noted that due to the boycott of a number of Western countries because of the events in Ukraine, the Russian Federation focused its efforts in the Arctic direction on the northern territories of the country and was able to achieve certain successes. Russia has carried out most of the planned activities related to economic and social development, climate change, ecology, human capital, indigenous peoples’ activities, tourism, and prevention of emergency situations in the Arctic. The “Arctic Youth” direction well represented, and a large number of projects for youth events and career guidance were launched. The conclusion is made: during the 2-year period the government paid special attention to improving the functioning of the Northern Sea Route, socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, but due to the geopolitical situation Russia failed to fully realize its plans. The authors note that the course of the chairmanship was internally incomplete, especially during the recent periods. The remote transfer of the chairmanship of the Arctic Council to Norway raises many questions. It is hoped that the full status and composition of the AC will be restored. Russia still proceeds from the fact that the pressing problems of the Arctic region can be solved only through balanced and mutually beneficial international co-operation.

Remote terahertz wireless power transfer with self-resonating spoof plasmonic structures.

In this paper, we use a pair of self-resonating subwavelength spoof plasmonic structures to achieve remote non-radiative terahertz wireless power transfer, while nearly without affecting the electromagnetic environment of free space around the structure. The resonating frequency and quality factor of the magnetic dipole mode supported by the spoof plasmonic structures can be freely tuned by tailoring the geometric structure. By putting the weak source and detector into the self-resonating structures, we can find that the effective non-radiative terahertz power transferring distance can reach several hundred times the radius of the structures. Finally, we also demonstrate the efficient wireless power transfer capability for the multi-target receiving system. These results may provide a novel approach to the design of non-radiative terahertz wireless power transfer and communications.

Quantum two-way time transfer over a hybrid free-space and fiber link

As the superiority of quantum two-way time transfer (Q-TWTT) has been proved convincingly over fiber links, its implementation on free-space links becomes an urgent need for remote time transfer expanding to the transcontinental distance. In this paper, the first Q-TWTT experimental demonstration over a hybrid link of 2 km-long turbulent free-space and 7 km-long field fiber is reported. Despite the significant loss of ∼30 dB and atmospheric turbulence, reliable time transfer performance lasting for overnights has been realized with time stability in terms of time deviation far below 1 picosecond. This achievement shows the good feasibility of quantum-enhanced time transfer in the space-ground integrated optical links and nicely certifies the capability of Q-TWTT in comparing and synchronizing the state-of-the-art space microwave atomic clocks.

Integration of Satellite Monitoring and Mathematical Modeling in the Analysis of the Nature of Elevated Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations in the Surface Air of the Northern Part of Finland

The article is devoted to the investigation of the nature of the increment in surface concentration of toxic gas sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Northern Finland. The study is carried out for June 2011 when the increased near-surface SO2 concentration was registered at Finnish observation station Inari Raja-Jooseppi together with the surface wind blowing from the territory of the Kola Peninsula. The hypothesis of natural increment of near-surface SO2 concentration as a result of Grímsvötn volcano eruption (Iceland) is verified using satellite SO2 observations by OMI, numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemistry model Enviro-HIRLAM and particle dispersion model HYSPLIT. The results show that not only local man-made sources, but also the remote transfer of pollutants from volcanic eruptions can cause an increased near-surface SO2 concentration. To verify this hypothesis, a large set of statistics is required in Northern Finland during periods of volcanic activity in Iceland.

Cascading Failure Propagation and Mitigation Strategies in Power Systems

In this article, we investigate the local and nonlocal failure propagation patterns in power systems and propose effective mitigation strategies. It is widely acknowledged that the sequence of failure events of component overloading is determined by power flow redistribution. To understand the power flow redistribution process, we analyze the prefault power flow condition using network flow theory and by clustering the system into several regions with balanced local power flow. We observe that faults triggering local power imbalance would lead to remote power transfer and faults causing no local power imbalance would lead to local power redistribution. The improved understanding of the failure process permits us to develop effective mitigating strategies consisting of adaptive power balance restoration and selective edge protection for cascading failure propagation. In addition, we propose a set of indexes to measure the local and nonlocal propagation risks of cascading failures. Numerical simulations on the IEEE 118- and 300-bus systems demonstrate that the proposed mitigation strategies can significantly reduce the blackout sizes and are tolerant to incorrect transmission line tripping.