Remote Localities Research Articles

Chiral Emissive Lanthanide Complexes from Enantiopure [6]Helicene‐bis(pyrazolyl)‐pyridine Ligands

AbstractEnantiopure helicene‐based bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridine (bpp‐[6]helicene), with the helicene unit in position 4 of the pyridine ring, have been prepared and structurally characterized. Their chiroptical properties have been studied experimentally, and both absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra have been reproduced theoretically by time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Remarkably, in spite of the remote localization of the helicene with respect to the coordination pocket of the bpp motif, chiral Eu(III) complexes based on these ligands show, however, circularly polarized luminescence in the visible region, sustained by TDDFT and CASSCF calculations, which also emphasize the possible antenna effect of the bpp ligand.

Why do GPs rarely do video consultations? qualitative study in UK general practice.

Fewer than 1% of UK general practice consultations occur by video. To explain why video consultations are not more widely used in general practice. Analysis of a sub-sample of data from three mixed-method case studies of remote consultation services in various UK settings from 2019-2021. The dataset included interviews and focus groups with 121 participants from primary care (33 patients, 55 GPs, 11 other clinicians, nine managers, four support staff, four national policymakers, five technology industry). Data were transcribed, coded thematically, and then analysed using the Planning and Evaluating Remote Consultation Services (PERCS) framework. With few exceptions, video consultations were either never adopted or soon abandoned in general practice despite a strong policy push, short-term removal of regulatory and financial barriers, and advances in functionality, dependability, and usability of video technologies (though some products remained 'fiddly' and unreliable). The relative advantage of video was perceived as minimal for most of the caseload of general practice, since many presenting problems could be sorted adequately and safely by telephone and in-person assessment was considered necessary for the remainder. Some patients found video appointments convenient, appropriate, and reassuring but others found a therapeutic presence was only achieved in person. Video sometimes added value for out-of-hours and nursing home consultations and statutory functions (for example, death certification). Efforts to introduce video consultations in general practice should focus on situations where this modality has a clear relative advantage (for example, strong patient or clinician preference, remote localities, out-of-hours services, nursing homes).

Study and Optimization of a Hybrid Power Generation System to Power Kalakala, a Remote Locality in Northern Côte d'Ivoire

This work presents the results of a study to optimize the production of electricity, by hybrid system Photovoltaic – Diesel – Batteries, to power the village of Kalakala in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. The study site is an isolated rural community, powered by a diesel generator. It is located in northern Côte d'Ivoire. HOMER software has been used for system simulation and optimization. The result of this study is then compared to those of PV - Batteries and diesel alone systems. From the results of the simulations, it appears that the optimal combination of the hybrid system includes a diesel generator of 50 kW, a photovoltaic field of 46 kW, 10 batteries of 48V and a converter of 100 kW. With a photovoltaic penetration rate of 52.7%, this system, compared to the photovoltaic - batteries system, reduces the photovoltaic field by 56%, the number of batteries by 61.5% and increases battery life by 42.84%. Compared to diesel alone, it reduces fuel consumption and the quantity of CO2 by 60% and improves diesel efficiency by 17%. The cost of generating electricity for the hybrid system is €0.373/kWh compared to €0.466 and €0.608/kWh respectively, for the PV-Batteries and diesel alone systems. The hybrid system with the best technical, economic and environmental performance could be a good alternative for generating electricity in remote communities.

CFEP-mobile: competitive fruit fly optimiser-based energy-aware routing protocol under mobile sink-based WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are comprised of numerous promising applications from where the sensed data are collected from remote applications. With respect to the promising applications related to data gathering, the desired information from the unreachable or remote locality, WSN poses a major challenge for the energy-efficient routing in data for improving communication. The literature presents several energy-aware routing protocols to maximise the lifespan of the sensor nodes. Consequently, an energy-efficient clustering approach, based on competitive fruit fly optimiser (CFFO) is developed in this paper to enhance the energy and the total lifetime of nodes such that the cluster head is chosen optimally. The hybrid optimisation approach named CFFO, is developed for controlling the convergence rate of the CFFO with the newly designed fitness function by considering the four various objectives like energy, distance, delay, and link lifetime. However, the developed CFFO algorithm is designed by the integration of the competitive swarm optimiser (CSO) and the fruit fly optimisation algorithm (FFOA). This method achieved efficient performance in terms of metrics like PDR, energy, and delay with the maximum PDR of 100%, high energy of 0.367 J, and minimum delay of 0.0925 sec, respectively.

Remote two-dimensional nanometric localization of molecules by the analysis of fluorescence coupled to guided surface plasmons

The coupling between fluorescent emitters and the metal nanowire (NW) can excite the guided surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the NW and can be exploited to extract the characteristic parameters of fluorescent emitters.

Investigations on Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for Sustainable Development Growth

The principal aim of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Global Goals is to attain a much better and more sustainable future for all. In recent times, microgrids have attracted much attention, given the transformation of software systems and raising the bar for customers in terms of sustainability, reliability and cost predictability. Consequently, there is a need for microgrid development in remote areas. Our paper proposes a hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HREM) that focuses on the affordable, efficient, reliable and sustainable growth of energy systems. This paper presents an optimized off-grid HREM for a remote locality in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The proposed approach employs a configuration of photovoltaic (PV) arrays, AC loads, a diesel generator set, a wind turbine and a battery energy storage system (BESS) connected to AC/DC buses and designed to satisfy the power requirements of a remote, rural community residential area. The primary objective was to carry out a cost optimization of the designed system. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to obtain a feasible solution from the optimized results and evaluate the robustness of the design. The primary objective was to carry out a cost optimization of the designed system. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to obtain a feasible solution from the optimized results and evaluated the robustness of the design. A detailed analysis was made by comparing the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and it was found that the former offered better results for the particular location. Overall, it was observed that our proposed system offers renewable energy for residential loads that is relatively inexpensive, reliable and sustainable.

Stephen J. Campbell, The Endless Periphery. Toward a Geopolitics of Art in Lorenzo Lotto’s Italy

In recent decades, engagements with Enrico Castelnuovo and Carlo Ginzburg’s seminal and highly influential essay “Centro e Periferia,” have led to one main line of inquiry.1 Studies have mapped out the works of art that populated remote and understudied localities of the pre-modern Italian peninsula, from southern regions to frontier zones, highlighting a rich corpus of artifacts that have long been excluded from the mainstream art history of the period. This scholarship has made clear a simple truth, namely, that the achievements of credited masters active in canonical artistic centres cannot be fully understood if the output by talented peers from peripheral localities continues to be under-evaluated and misconstrued. These studies have not gone far enough, however, in either rethinking or reframing the core assumption of Castelnuovo and Ginzburg’s contribution, that is, the conceptual dualism of centre-periphery that sees centres as sites of artistic innovation and peripheries as places...

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Acer catalpifolium Reveals Evolutionary History of Endangered Species.

Acer catalpifolium is an endangered species restricted to remote localities of West China. Understanding the genomic content and evolution of A. catalpifolium is essential to conservation efforts of this rare and ecologically valuable plant. Here, we report a high-quality genome of A. catalpifolium consisting of ∼654 Mbp and ∼35,132 protein-coding genes. We detected 969 positively selected genes in two Acer genomes compared with four other eudicots, 65 of which were transcription factors. We hypothesize that these positively selected mutations in transcription factors might affect their function and thus contribute to A. catalpifolium’s decline-type population. We also identified 179 significantly expanded gene families compared with 12 other eudicots, some of which are involved in stress responses, such as the FRS–FRF family. We inferred that A. catalpifolium has experienced gene family expansions to cope with environmental stress in its evolutionary history. Finally, 109 candidate genes encoding key enzymes in the lignin biosynthesis pathway were identified in A. catalpifolium; of particular note were the large range and high copy number of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes. The chromosome-level genome of A. catalpifolium presented here may serve as a fundamental genomic resource for better understanding endangered Acer species, informing future conservation efforts.

Performance of rapid rk39 tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundVisceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a severely neglected disease affecting millions of people with high mortality if left untreated. In Ethiopia, the primary laboratory diagnosis of VL is by using an antigen from a 39-amino acid sequence repeat of a kinesin-related (rK39) of leishmania donovani complex (L. donovani), rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). Different rk39 RDT brands are available with very variable performance and studies from Ethiopia showed a very wide range of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of rk39 RDT in Ethiopia.MethodPUBMED, EMBASE, and other sources were searched using predefined search terms to retrieve all relevant articles from 2007 to 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed by visually inspecting summary receiver operating curves (SROC), Spearman correlation coefficient (rs), Cochran Q test statistics, inconsistency square (I2) and subgroup analysis. The presence and statistical significance of publication bias were assessed by Egger's test at p < 0.05, and all the measurements showed the presence of considerable heterogeneity. Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) checklists was used to check the qualities of the study.ResultsA total of 664 articles were retrieved, and of this 12 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of the rk39 RDT to diagnose VL in Ethiopia were 88.0% (95% CI 86.0% to 89.0%) and 84.0% (95% CI 82.0% to 86.0%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the rk39 RDT commercial test kits were DiaMed: 86.9% (95% CI 84.3% to 89.1%) and 82.2% (95% CI 79.3% to 85.0%), and InBios: 80.0% (95% CI 77.0% to 82.8%) and 97.4% (95% CI 95.0% to 98.8%), respectively.ConclusionReferring to our result, rk39 RDT considered an essential rapid diagnostic test for VL diagnosis. Besides to the diagnostic accuracy, the features such as easy to perform, quick (10–20 min), cheap, equipment-free, electric and cold chain free, and result reproducibility, rk39 RDT is advisable to remains in practice as a diagnostic test at least in the remote VL endemic localities till a better test will come.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by the indigenous tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India: a review

Background: In the absence of modern healthcare facilities in remote rural localities, the indigenous tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh in the Eastern Himalayan region of India continue to rely on plant-based ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments prevalent within their biocultural landscape. This review work has been carried out to document the ethnomedicinal knowledge of the indigenous tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh by critically perusing the selected published literature. The exploration of ethnomedicinal knowledge of the tribal communities may provide clues for development of new drugs and can also help in the continuity and preservation of such important traditional healing practices. Methods: We downloaded 20 published ethnomedicinal literature (between 2005 to 2019) from online databases such as iMedPub, Academia.edu, ResearchGate, Semantic Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Publons, PubMed, etc. using keywords ‘ethnomedicine’, ‘tribes of Arunachal Pradesh’, and ‘North-East India’. The diversity of ethnomedicinal plants, types of ailments treated, herbal formulation, informant consensus and the species and family use values have been quantified using relevant statistical tools and techniques. Results: The present review have reported 358 species of medicinal plants belonging to 100 families used by the fourteen indigenous tribal communities for treating 107 specific types of ailments which are classified under 10 broad categories of ailments, namely, cardiovascular, dermatological, gastrointestinal, general health, gynecological, musculoskeletal, odontological, orthopaedic, respiratory, and urological disorders. Asteraceae has shown the highest use reports per family (86) while Acanthacaeae demonstrated the highest family use value index (UVf) of 4.90. The highest species use report was observed under gastrointestinal disorders with an Informant consensus factor (FIC) of 0.41 while the least species use report was observed under urological disorder (FIC 0.11). Conclusion: Plants showing higher UVf index and FIC in the present analysis should be useful for conservation priority. It will also help in prioritization for in-depth investigation of bioactive phytochemicals of potential medicinal plants effective against reported target ailment categories. Keywords: Ailments, Ethnomedicine, Family use value (UVf), Tribal communities, Informant consensus factor (FIC).

Energy analysis of a solar driven vaccine refrigerator using environment-friendly refrigerants for off-grid locations

In many remote localities, one of the underlying reasons for not receiving life-saving vaccines is the lack of electricity to store the vaccines in the required refrigerated conditions. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) refrigerators have been considered as a viable and green solution to store the vaccines in remote localities having no access to electricity. In this paper, a detailed methodology has been presented for the performance evaluation of a solar PV powered vaccine refrigerator for remote locations. Thermal modelling with hourly cooling load calculations and refrigeration cycle simulations were carried out. The performance parameters for three environment-friendly refrigerants: R152a, R1234yf, and R1234ze(E) has been compared against the commonly used R134a for two remote, off-grid locations in Bangladesh and South Sudan. The energy systems comprising of solar PV panels and batteries to run the refrigerator were modelled in HOMER software for techno-economic optimizations. For both the locations, R152a was found to be the best performing refrigerant exhibiting higher COP (2%−5.29%) as compared to the other refrigerants throughout the year, while R1234ze(E) exhibited COPs on par with R134a, and R1234yf had the least performance. Techno-economic analysis showed an energy system providing electricity to the refrigerator with R152a also had lower levelized cost of electricity (0.48%−2.54%) than the systems having other refrigerants in these locations.

Labrador Emergencies and St. Anthony Institutional Care: Medical Cases of Donald McI. Johnson for the Grenfell Association, 1928-29.

In contemporaneous and retrospective publications, British physician Donald McI. Johnson wrote about medical cases in 1928-29 for the organization founded by Wilfred Grenfell in Newfoundland and Labrador. The availability of one physician's cases in published and institutional forms allows consideration of discursive representations of patients for general and clinical readers in the two decades of Johnson's writing. This study places these cases within the context of Johnson's medical background and his escape to rural practice in a remote locale, one that emphasized emergency operations in Labrador and hospital care in the organization's main hospital in St. Anthony. In this way, it broadens knowledge of medical care provided by visiting physicians and considers ways in which such physicians represented local patients in publications for the general reader. Although it determines that Johnson was unique, it indicates the value of the fuller study of publications by other physicians associated with the Grenfell organization.

Pediatric eye in the wild blue yonder

Purpose/Relevance: This workshop will discuss the unique challenges of establishing and maintaining a practice in pediatric ophthalmology in a location far from an academic center. Emphasis will be placed on clinical situations encountered in remote locations and on some of the solutions employed by a panel of experienced clinicians. Remote approaches have become especially relevant for pediatric ophthalmologists since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Target Audience: Pediatric ophthalmologists and trainees. Current Practice: Pediatric ophthalmology is a multifaceted subspecialty which frequently interfaces with other pediatric specialists typically located in an academic center. Current standard of care mandates timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment regardless of geographic location. Establishing vision screening protocols, ROP coverage, genetic counseling, and post-operative care are but a few of the challenges in non-academic practice settings. Best Practice: Pediatric ophthalmologists will benefit from discussion of approaches to medical and surgical challenges that present in remote practice locales. Many of these same problems are encountered by practitioners in urban settings, when performing mission eye care, and more recently during COVID. Expected Outcomes: At the conclusion of the workshop members of the audience can be expected to learn from the collective experience of the panelists. Many of these innovative approaches are applicable to the practice of pediatric ophthalmology in any setting, thus improving patient outcomes. Format: Didactic lecture, case presentation, and open question and answer forum. Summary: This workshop will present innovative approaches to common problems encountered by pediatric ophthalmologists. These approaches are applicable to remote locations, many urban settings, mission eye care, and patient care during the current coronavirus pandemic.

An Arkansas Parable for the Anthropocene

The claimed rediscovery of North America’s rarest bird, the ivory-billed woodpecker, in the early 2000s, was one of the most high-profile events in global ornithological history. The reappearance of the bird in a remote locality in eastern Arkansas seemed to vindicate belief in the innate resilience and adaptability of nature, yet within a few months the claims became shrouded in doubt and uncertainty. This article argues that the reasons for the bird’s likely extinction in the early 1940s go beyond the usual parameters of conservation biology to include the violent impetus toward nature unleashed by settler colonialism and the plantation system. The changing ecologies of the Delta are explored through a dialogue between critical landscape studies and emerging perspectives on race, masculinity, and violence that have been extensively occluded under the burgeoning interdisciplinary fascination with the Anthropocene. I conclude that the story of the ivory-billed woodpecker gives credence to a modified reading of the Plantationocene as an alternative conceptual framing for global environmental change.

Remotely Delivered Monitoring and Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Diabetes-related foot disease (DFD) management requires input from multiple healthcare professionals, and has worse outcomes for people living in remote localities by comparison to urban areas. Remotely delivered healthcare may reduce this disparity. This overview summarizes current evidence on the effectiveness, stakeholder perceptions, and cost-effectiveness of remotely delivered healthcare for DFD. A search of 5 databases was conducted to identify systematic reviews published between January 2000 and June 2020. Eligible reviews were those evaluating remotely delivered monitoring or management of patients at risk of or with active DFD, or clinicians managing these patients. Risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Eight reviews were eligible for inclusion, including 88 primary studies and 8509 participants, of which 36 studies involving 4357 participants evaluated remotely delivered monitoring or management of DFD. Only one review had a low risk of bias, with most reviews demonstrating limited search strategies and poor reporting of participants. Evidence on effectiveness was mixed, with meta-analyses demonstrating long-term ulcer healing and mortality were not significantly different between telehealth and standard care groups, although the lower-limb amputation rate was significantly decreased in one meta-analysis. Perceptions of telehealth by patients and clinicians were generally positive, whilst acknowledging limitations relating to access and use. Cost-effectiveness data were limited, with poor reporting preventing clear conclusions. Remotely delivered healthcare of DFD is well received by patients and clinicians, but its effectiveness is unclear. High quality trials are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of remotely delivered DFD management.

Remote Fault Localization Based on Synchronized Two-Sided Measurement: Study of the Algorithm and the Prototype Digital Device

This article describes the results of the study of a synchronized two-sided remote fault localization (RFL) method, including the study of the prototype RFL device as part of a multifunctional system (MFS) with a real-time digital simulator (RTDS). The RFL of overhead transmission lines is a required function of modern electric power station and substation automation systems. The RFL function can be implemented both in separate specialized devices and in relay protection devices for overhead transmission lines or emergency event recorders.

Remote Monitoring And Localization: Tools For Smart Parking

The increase in usage of IoT environment is beyond the limits, which use Wireless (WSN).These networks can be used in many environments like logistics, supply chain management,health management,e-governance, smart parking, smart city, and smart appliances. WSN is a collection of sensors spread across them to base station/sink. Remote sensing sensors do sensing of an object remotely and detectthe static or dynamic information.In this paper, discussion is made on how to monitor and track the person’scar within a shopping mall. Remote monitoring and local optimization techniques are used in smart parking architecture, which suits for smart parking environment. Further, description of some of the monitoring and tracking techniques which was used earlier also been discussed with different types of protocols used for this appropriate environment. These systems can be implemented for effective smart parking.

Evidence of the effect of primary care expansion on hospitalizations: Panel analysis of 143 municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon.

BackgroundThe Family Health Strategy (FHS) became consolidated as a primary care model and gatekeeper for the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS) in the Brazil and it is considered one of the largest primary health care programmes in the world. Its rapid expansion allowed the SUS to meet the changing health care needs of the population remote localities of Brazilian municipalities.MethodsIn the present study, exploratory data analysis was performed using modelling to provide a general overview of the study and to delineate possible structural characteristics of the cross-sectional time-series data. Panel regression methods were used to assess the association between FHS coverage and ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations (ACSH rates) in the municipalities of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, from 2008 to 2017.ResultsThe results showed strong evidence for the association between FHS coverage and ACSH rates, including reductions of 22% in preventable hospitalizations and 15% in hospital expenses that were directly linked to the 40% increase in FHS population coverage during the evaluated period. This expansion of primary care has mainly benefitted areas that are difficult to access and populations that were previously deprived of health care in the vast Amazon territory.ConclusionsThe findings of this study show that the increase of the expansion of primary care reduces the preventable hospitalization and the hospital expenses. This reinforces the need for public protection of the health of populations at risk and the positive impacts of primary care in the Brazilian Amazon.

Mentorship and workplace support needs of new graduate physiotherapists in rural and remote settings: A qualitative study

Introduction: New graduate physiotherapists working in rural and remote Australia must develop unique skills to work in this setting, while at the same time managing the difficulties typically faced by novice practitioners entering the workforce. Workplace mentorship is commonly used to facilitate this transition, yet little is known about new graduate physiotherapists’ needs in rural and remote settings. This study aimed to explore workplace mentorship in rural and remote Australia from the perspective of new graduate physiotherapists and investigate what new graduates feel they need from mentorship that is specific to rural and remote settings.Methods: A qualitative study with a thematic analytical approach was used. Semi-structured interviews of 12 new graduate physiotherapists working in rural and remote settings were undertaken within the graduates’ first 8 to 10 months of clinical practice. Interviews were audio-recorded between August and November 2019.Results: Three key themes were constructed during the analysis: 1) Mentorship is best when it is frequent and consistent, 2) Initiating mentorship can be challenging and 3) Mentorship needs to be accessible and individualised.Conclusion: There are challenges to mentorship of new graduate physiotherapists in rural and remote areas, including infrequency of mentorship, limited access to mentors and reluctance to request support. Whilst new graduate physiotherapists desire mentorship that is accessible, individualised and, ultimately, similar to what they perceive they would receive in the metropolitan setting, they acknowledge that to suit rural and remote localities, the delivery must be flexible. Mentorship is considered critical to support new graduates entering rural and remote settings.

Intercepting a Stealthy Network

We investigate an understudied threat: networks of stealthy routers (S-Routers) , relaying messages to a hidden destination . The S-Routers relay communication along a path of multiple short-range, low-energy hops, to avoid remote localization by triangulation. Mobile devices called Interceptors can detect communication by an S-Router, but only when the Interceptor is next to the transmitting S-Router. We examine algorithms for a set of mobile Interceptors to find the destination of the communication relayed by the S-Routers. The algorithms are compared according to the number of communicating rounds before the destination is found, i.e., rounds in which data is transmitted from the source to the destination . We evaluate the algorithms analytically and using simulations, including against a parametric, optimized strategy for the S-Routers. Our main result is an Interceptors algorithm that bounds the expected number of communicating rounds by a term quasilinear in the number of S-Routers. For the case where S-Routers transmit at every round (“continuously”), we present an algorithm that improves this bound.