Remote System Research Articles

Remote programming in stage I sacral neuromodulation: a multicentre prospective feasibility study.

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has emerged as an effective therapy for refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Remote programming holds promise in addressing the time and economic burdens associated with outpatient programming, especially for patients in the observation period following Stage I implant surgery (where the lead is implanted first without the pulse generator). The study aimed to explore the effectiveness and patient satisfaction of remote programming for Stage I SNM patients, and analyze the benefits patients gain from remote programming. This prospective study was conducted at multiple high-level clinical SNM centres in China. Patients requiring SNM implantation were enroled and divided into two groups based on patient preference: remote programming (RP) group and outpatient control (OC) group. Patient attitudes toward RP were assessed through questionnaires, and the degree of symptom improvement was compared between the two groups to explore the usability of RP. A total of 63 participants from 6 centres were included in the study, with 32 belonging to the RP group. The remote programming system presents a high level of usability (98%) and willingness (satisfaction rate: 96.83%) in result of questionnaire. RP showed a significant advantage in improving patients' score of ICSI/ICPI (medianΔICSI/ICPI RP vs. OC= -13.50 vs -2, P =0.015). And slightly ameliorate urinary symptoms such as pain (medianΔVAS RP vs. OC= -1 vs 0, P = 0.164) and urgency (medianΔOBASS -2.5 vs. -1, P = 0.,229), but the difference was not statistically significant. RP did not significantly impact the quality of life of patients ( P =0.113), so do the rate of phase-two conversion ( P = 0.926) or programming parameters. To the best of our knowledge, the presented study is the first multicenter research focusing on the remote programming of Stage I SNM patients. Through the clinical implementation and patient feedback, we demonstrate that remote programming is not inferior to in-person programming in terms of success rate, effectiveness, safety, and patient satisfaction.

A Remote Access Server with Chatbot User Interface for Coffee Grinder Burr Wear Level Assessment Based on Imaging Granule Analysis and Deep Learning Techniques

Coffee chains are very popular around the world. Because overly worn coffee grinder burrs can downgrade the taste of coffee, coffee experts and professional cuppers in an anonymous coffee chain have developed a manual method to classify coffee grinder burr wear so that worn burrs can be replaced in time to maintain the good taste of coffee. In this paper, a remote access server system that can mimic the ability of those recognized coffee experts and professional cuppers to classify coffee grinder burr wear has been developed. Users only need to first upload a photo of coffee granules ground by a grinder to the system through a chatbot interface; then, they can receive the burr wear classification result from the remote server in a minute. The system first uses image processing to obtain the coffee granules’ size distribution. Based on the size distributions, unified length data inputs are then obtained to train and test the deep learning model so that it can classify the burr wear level into initial wear, normal wear, and severe wear with more than 96% accuracy. As only a mobile phone is needed to use this service, the proposed system is very suitable for both coffee chains and coffee lovers.

A Novel Cloud-Based IoT Framework for Secure Health Monitoring

The growing use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in a variety of sectors, including healthcare, has opened up new possibilities for gathering and analyzing patient data. In some cases, the elderly are exposed to significant risk and even mortality as a result of the global aging problem, which has become a burden in recent years. Numerous IoT devices are being created to monitor, track, and record the actions of the elderly to reduce these hazards. This study proposed a novel, dependable, cloud-based remote system patient monitoring framework for IoT health detection. The main distinguished part of this research is that we rarely can find a framework in the literature that is based on real-time systems by considering heartbeat (BPM), blood oxygen (SpO2), and body temperature at the same time. The implementation and testing of this real-time system is classified into six distinctly separated phases for developing both the hardware and software. To verify the performance of the suggested system, data were gathered from BOT-IoT datasets. The outcome enhances patient satisfaction, secure data transmission, and healthcare outcomes by showing that the proposed framework is more efficient than other compared protocols in terms of the decision time, which is 16.3 seconds for 46 features, with 100% accuracy.

Developing a remote gamma-ray spectra collection system (RGSCS) by coupling a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector with a cosmicguard background reduction device

Despite being widely used for high-resolution spectral analysis and quantifying low activity in natural samples, the operations and data analysis of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detectors are seldom fully automated due to the excessive costs associated with commercially available automatic sample changing systems. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a cost-effective, customized remote gamma-ray spectra collection system centered around the HPGe detector coupled to a cosmic-ray veto background reduction device. The HPGe detector system, equipped with a Lynx DSA, is seamlessly integrated with an economically viable automatic sample changer. This sample vial changer is controlled by a high-torque NEMA 34 stepper servo motor from Vention. Web control of the rotary actuator is facilitated through a CAD-based programming tool. The remote-controlled sample pick-and-place procedure is executed using a robotic arm (Trossen Robotics, Viper X 250). The DYNAMIXEL servomotors of the robotic arm are programmed using Python software supported by the Robotic Operating System. Beyond its technical construction, this system is uniquely fashioned for academic research, providing invaluable hands-on experience in gamma spectrometry to both junior researchers and students.

Stealthy Attack on Remote Control System With Local Controller and Its Countermeasures

Stealthy Attack on Remote Control System With Local Controller and Its Countermeasures

Bile Acid Application in Cell-Targeting for Molecular Receptors in Relation to Hearing: A Comprehensive Review.

Bile acids play important roles in the human body, and changes in their pool can be used as markers for various liver pathologies. In addition to their functional effects in modulating inflammatory responses and cellular survivability, the unconjugated or conjugated, secondary, or primary nature of bile acids accounts for their various ligand effects. The common hydrophilic bile acids have been used successfully as local treatment to resolve drug-induced cell damage or to ameliorate hearing loss. From various literature references, bile acids show concentration and tissue-dependent effects. Some hydrophobic bile acids act as ligands modulating vitamin D receptors, muscarinic receptors, and calcium-activated potassium channels, important proteins in the inner ear system. Currently, there are limited resources investigating the therapeutic effects of bile acid on hearing loss and little to no information on detecting bile acids in the remote ear system, let alone baseline bile acid levels and their prevalence in healthy and disease conditions. This review presents both hydrophilic and hydrophobic human bile acids and their tissue-specific effects in modulating cellular integrity, thus considering the possible effects and extended therapeutic applicability of bile acids to the inner ear tissue.

A psychosocial goal-setting and manualised support intervention for independence in dementia (NIDUS-Family) versus goal setting and routine care: a single-masked, phase 3, superiority, randomised controlled trial

Although national guidelines recommend that everyone with dementia receives personalised post-diagnostic support, few do. Unlike previous interventions that improved personalised outcomes in people with dementia, the NIDUS-Family intervention is fully manualised and deliverable by trained and supervised, non-clinical facilitators. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of home-based goal setting plus NIDUS-Family in supporting the attainment of personalised goals set by people with dementia and their carers. We did a two-arm, single-masked, multi-site, randomised, clinical trial recruiting patient-carer dyads from community settings. We randomly assigned dyads to either home-based goal setting plus NIDUS-Family or goal setting and routine care (control). Randomisation was blocked and stratified by site (2:1; intervention to control), with allocations assigned via a remote web-based system. NIDUS-Family is tailored to goals set by dyads by selecting modules involving behavioural interventions, carer support, psychoeducation, communication and coping skills, enablement, and environmental adaptations. The intervention involved six to eight video-call or telephone sessions (or in person when COVID-19-related restrictions allowed) over 6 months, then telephone follow-ups every 2-3 months for 6 months. The primary outcome was carer-rated goal attainment scaling (GAS) score at 12 months. Analyses were done by intention to treat. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN11425138. Between April 30, 2020, and May 9, 2021, we assessed 1083 potential dyads for eligibility, 781 (72·1%) of whom were excluded. Of 302 eligible dyads, we randomly assigned 98 (32·4%) to the control group and 204 (67·5%) to the intervention group. The mean age of participants with dementia was 79·9 years (SD 8·2), 169 (56%) were women, and 133 (44%) were men. 247 (82%) dyads completed the primary outcome, which favoured the intervention (mean GAS score at 12 months 58·7 [SD 13·0; n=163] vs 49·0 [14·1; n=84]; adjusted difference in means 10·23 [95% CI 5·75-14·71]; p<0·001). 31 (15·2%) participants in the intervention group and 14 (14·3%) in the control group experienced serious adverse events. To our knowledge, NIDUS-Family is the first readily scalable intervention for people with dementia and their family carers that improves attainment of personalised goals. We therefore recommend that it be implemented in health and care services. UK Alzheimer's Society.

Intact shallow and mesophotic assemblages of large carnivorous reef fishes underscore the importance of large and remote protected areas in the Coral Triangle

Abstract Overfishing remains a threat to coral reef fishes worldwide, with large carnivores often disproportionately vulnerable. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can restore fish populations and biodiversity, but their effect has been understudied in mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs), particularly in the Coral Triangle. Videos were analysed from baited remote underwater video systems deployed in 2016 to investigate the assemblage structure of large carnivorous fishes at shallow (4–12 m) and mesophotic (45–96 m) depths in two of the largest and most isolated MPAs in the Philippines: an uninhabited, fully no‐take MPA enacted in 1988 (Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park) and an archipelagic municipality surrounded by an extensive but not fully no‐take MPA declared in 2016 (Cagayancillo). Taxa focused on were groupers (Serranidae), snappers (Lutjanidae), emperors (Lethrinidae), jacks (Carangidae) and the endangered Cheilinus undulatus (Labridae). Mean abundance and species richness were not greater in TRNP than in Cagayancillo regardless of depth despite long‐term protection in the former. Limited impacts of fishing in Cagayancillo may explain this result. Differentiation of fish assemblages was evident between TRNP and Cagayancillo but more obvious between depths at each location, probably due more to habitat than MPA effects. In Cagayancillo, overall carnivorous reef fish, grouper and jack mean abundance were 2, 2 and 10 times higher, respectively, at mesophotic depths, suggesting that MCEs can serve as deep refugia from fishing. These findings of differentiation between depths and higher abundance of certain taxa in mesophotic depths emphasize that MCEs are distinct from shallow reefs, serve as important habitat for species susceptible to overfishing and, thus, must be explicitly included in the design of MPAs. This study also highlights the value of maintaining strict protection of MPAs like TRNP for the Coral Triangle and an opportunity to safeguard intact fish assemblages in Cagayancillo by expanding its no‐take zones.

Dosimetric Comparison of Isodose Surface Volume and Total Reference Air Kerma (TRAK) based Volume in Cervical Cancer Brachytherapy.

We aim to compare TRAK & TPS based isodose volumes in cervical cancer brachytherapy and assess the feasibility, accuracy and potential future implications of TRAK in this regard and as a newer emerging tool to assess treatment intensity in cervical cancer brachytherapy. one hundred patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of cervix uteri were assessed for brachytherapy (after completion of external radiation) and prospectively enrolled for the study. 60 Gy, 75 Gy, and 85 Gy isodose volumes were obtained from the TPS (VTPS) for 50, 25 & 25 patients with Manchester, Fletcher & interstitial implant respectively, receiving various fractionation schedules by Ir192 HDR remote after-loading system. Using the formula Vpred=4965(TRAK/dref)3/2+170(TRAK/dref)-1.5 the TRAK based isodose surface volumes (Vpred) were derived. Reference doses (dref) were calculated based on accumulated EBRT and brachytherapy doses. The two sets of volume were compared with respect to applicator type, standard, and optimised plan. Surrogate point A dose was also correlated. VTPS - Vpred were 5.24 ± 2.7%, all volumes being predicted within 10%. Correlation of TRAK vs VTPS60/ VTPS75/ VTPS85 showed R2 of 0.994, 0.987 and 0.971 respectively. There was no significant difference in predicted volumes with respect to applicator type. The surrogate point A showed mean volume and standard deviation of 7.44 ± 13.4%, 17.63 ± 16.38 and 3.5 ± 0.95 for Manchester optimised, Fletcher optimised and standard plans respectively. TRAK with point A (R2=0.5632), bladder (R2=0.2015) and rectal doses (R2=0.121) yielded no correlation. Volumes calculated by TRAK correlate with TPS obtained volumes significantly and the formula predicting isodose surface volumes within 10% accuracy for ICBT applications and not for pure interstitial implants. However, TRAK fails to correlate with surrogate point A, bladder and rectal doses hence has questionable utility as a marker for biological response & treatment intensity.

How Integration of a Brain-Machine Interface and Obstacle Detection System Can Improve Wheelchair Control via Movement Imagery.

This study presents a human-computer interaction combined with a brain-machine interface (BMI) and obstacle detection system for remote control of a wheeled robot through movement imagery, providing a potential solution for individuals facing challenges with conventional vehicle operation. The primary focus of this work is the classification of surface EEG signals related to mental activity when envisioning movement and deep relaxation states. Additionally, this work presents a system for obstacle detection based on image processing. The implemented system constitutes a complementary part of the interface. The main contributions of this work include the proposal of a modified 10-20-electrode setup suitable for motor imagery classification, the design of two convolutional neural network (CNNs) models employed to classify signals acquired from sixteen EEG channels, and the implementation of an obstacle detection system based on computer vision integrated with a brain-machine interface. The models developed in this study achieved an accuracy of 83% in classifying EEG signals. The resulting classification outcomes were subsequently utilized to control the movement of a mobile robot. Experimental trials conducted on a designated test track demonstrated real-time control of the robot. The findings indicate the feasibility of integration of the obstacle detection system for collision avoidance with the classification of motor imagery for the purpose of brain-machine interface control of vehicles. The elaborated solution could help paralyzed patients to safely control a wheelchair through EEG and effectively prevent unintended vehicle movements.

Research of microprocessor device and software for remote control of a robotic system

The modern stage of the development of intelligent robotic systems is characterized by the expansion of fields of application, which is due to autonomous work and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The object of research is the system of remote control of robotic systems. During the remote control of robotic systems, problems arise that are associated with the use of wireless communication in real time. The article analyzes software and hardware implementations of various remote control systems suitable for use as part of autonomous robotic systems and analyzes promising microcontroller platforms for implementing a remote control device for a robotic system. A brief review of existing protocols for transmitting control signals using radio communication equipment and microprocessor platforms for the development of embedded systems is performed, among which a solution is selected for research. Several approaches to the control of a robotic system are highlighted – control using a wired connection and corresponding protocols, control via wireless communication or via the Internet, control via general-purpose network protocols. The target platform is chosen and justified, and the S.BUS protocol is analyzed with the provision of an algorithm for obtaining the values of the control channels from the S.BUS package. The structure and algorithm of functioning of the microprocessor remote control system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the FreeRTOS OS are given. A study of the operation process of the proposed remote control system is carried out, for which it is placed on the chassis of a ground autonomous robotic system with four-wheel drive, and the delay time of the control signal from the receiver to the engine control modules is determined. According to the conducted analysis, the expediency of using specialized radio communication equipment with the S.BUS protocol for controlling executive devices as part of a robotic system, for precise movement control in real time, is shown.

Development of Switchable Transformer Research at University of South Australia

This paper describes research development focusing on the designs of switchable transformers and their control system at University of South Australia. Research development of switchable transformer has become one of the major research interests in school of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of South Australia since year 2000. Research in this area has been carried out through undergraduate to post graduate studies. Several transformer designs, starting from the rating of 1kVA to 10kVA, have been introduced. Testing results from the designs have shown the improvement of the transformer efficiency during low or high loads. As the switchable transformers utilize several switching devices that need to be synchronously controlled, research on the development of the switchable transformer control systems has also been carried out. Now, in this school, a study of utilizing controller area network (CAN) as media to integrate modules in the control system is done. The study also focused on the remote monitoring and control system of the switchable transformer through a local area network (LAN).

Infrared spectroscopy of volcanoes: from laboratory to orbital scale

Understanding the composition, texture, and morphology of volcanic rocks that have erupted at the surface better constrains the eruption style and is vital to infer subsurface processes, the development of magma upon ascent, and the potential for future eruptions. The reflectance and emission spectroscopy of these rocks, collected from the near-infrared (NIR) through the thermal infrared (TIR) portion of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, provides the data necessary to retrieve composition, micron-scale surface roughness, and particle size. Remote imaging systems enable the analyses of active volcanoes in remote regions, where sample collection for laboratory analysis poses a significant challenge. Laboratory hyperspectral data of samples acquired at volcanic deposits are easily resampled to the spectral resolution of any infrared sensor and provide a means of estimating the composition of volcanoes and their products worldwide, as well as those on other planetary bodies such as the Moon and Mars. In this review paper, we provide an overview of the current use of infrared reflectance and emission spectroscopy as an analysis tool in volcanology, including ground-based imaging systems that acquire unprecedented detail and serve as testbeds for new orbital concepts. We also discuss the potential impact that future satellite missions will have on volcano science as spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions improve.

Manipulating Viewing Distance and Camera Toe-in in a Stereoscopic Remote Vision System

Manipulating Viewing Distance and Camera Toe-in in a Stereoscopic Remote Vision System

Designer Small-Molecule Control System Based on Minocycline-Induced Disruption of Protein-Protein Interaction.

A versatile, safe, and effective small-molecule control system is highly desirable for clinical cell therapy applications. Therefore, we developed a two-component small-molecule control system based on the disruption of protein-protein interactions using minocycline, an FDA-approved antibiotic with wide availability, excellent biodistribution, and low toxicity. The system comprises an anti-minocycline single-domain antibody (sdAb) and a minocycline-displaceable cyclic peptide. Here, we show how this versatile system can be applied to OFF-switch split CAR systems (MinoCAR) and universal CAR adaptors (MinoUniCAR) with reversible, transient, and dose-dependent suppression; to a tunable T cell activation module based on MyD88/CD40 signaling; to a controllable cellular payload secretion system based on IL12 KDEL retention; and as a cell/cell inducible junction. This work represents an important step forward in the development of a remote-controlled system to precisely control the timing, intensity, and safety of therapeutic interventions.

Development of contamination detection system combined with various remote devices

The detection of alpha and beta contamination locations is important for decontaminating nuclear facilities. In the high radiation dose rate environment at the decommissioning sites, the contamination measurement by the workers is not effective. Thus, we developed a remote automatic contamination measurement system using a new scintillator-based detector. A 50 mmφ × 100-μm-thick YAlO3(Ce)(YAP:Ce) scintillator was coupled with a flat panel-type multianode photomultiplier tube. The detector was installed downwards at the bottom of a robot. It has an energy measurement capability, and the energy measurement could discriminate the alpha particles from the beta and 222Rn alpha particles. With the energy information, alpha and beta particles could be identified and mapped simultaneously. In addition, a slow-moving robot could be used to obtain statistically sufficient counts in a single run measurement, allowing the evaluation of surface contamination density using only alpha particles. The remote automatic contamination measurement system will be useful in visualizing the contamination distribution in environments that are inaccessible to workers.

Design of remote acquisition system for ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland

In order to improve data coverage and data collection efficiency, the design method for a remote collection system of ecological water demand information of an estuarine wetland is proposed. The hardware design of the remote information acquisition system is realized through the overall structure design, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), system outline design, system logic design, and system module division. The information is acquired by polling, and the acquisition frequency is adjusted according to the actual situation and user needs. In the system software design, the Scale-invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT) is used to extract the image features of the estuarine wetland, and a support vector machine is used to cluster the collected information according to the image features to realize the remote acquisition of water demand information of the estuarine wetland. The experimental results show that the maximum data coverage of the proposed method is 95%, and the data acquisition time is less than 0.2 h, indicating that the proposed method has high information acquisition efficiency and high data coverage.

Risk and Emergency Management System to Mitigate Disasters

Disasters lead to many violent strikes in terms of material, human and humanitarian losses, and destruction of property and infrastructure of the state. The term "emergency management" refers to a diverse range of activities. The primary responsibility for disaster response rests with the government at all levels (Peiris P. S. H. 2020, Opadey. 2021). Disaster management is still limited in Iraq, as long as necessary are in place to warn of these disasters. Therefore, we will use in this prepare the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to mitigate disasters effects and focus on sandstorm, landslides also study prediction and prepare the prediction and GIS earthquake of east of Iraq. The Risk management systems are useful and effective tools for disaster management in Iraq and by using database on expected disaster for future. The future is to forecast, reduce damage, and assess the severity of these disasters. This essay will list emergency management initiatives and explain how geographic information systems can be used (GIS) and Remote System (RS) technologies play a critically important role in mitigating disasters.

Smart meter based energy management system

The number of smart meters reached over 40 millions in Europe at the end of 20081 . Far beyond the simple energy metering, these devices enable companies to inform the customers, to control the load and to increase the energy consciousness. The standardisation of the smart functionalities is in progress. The households for lack of knowledge and information do not care for the energy retrenchment. New central software applications have been developed that can perform remote energy management functions through communication to the distributed smart meters (specific value calculation, trend monitoring, limit violation alarm, etc.). The paper gives an overview about the existing remote energy management systems and makes recommendations which functions would be useful in the Hungarian environment, too.

Perspectives on Remote Robotic-Assisted Stroke Treatment: A Commentary Paper.

The proved feasibility of robotic-assisted endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has stimulated the idea of a potential application of remote robotics for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The possibility of developing a more advanced remote-controlled robotic system capable of performing a complete mechanical thrombectomy procedure would help bridge the health care gap of lack of technical expertise in isolated areas. This possibility could allow a more equitable access to mechanical thrombectomy to a larger number of patients and be a breakthrough for acute ischemic stroke care worldwide. Many aspects around the technical, human, financial, and regulatory requirements should be discussed to implement remote robotic-assisted procedures. In this State of Practice article, we aimed to outline the major challenges that must be considered, as well as proposed solutions. However, different solutions may be applied in different health care systems on the basis of the availability of human and financial resources.