Remote Devices Research Articles

Design and Development of an Android-based Remote Cardiac Monitoring Device for Continuous Real-time ECG Signal Acquisition, Transmission, and Analysis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating innovative solutions for early detection and continuous monitoring. This research aims to develop an Android-based remote cardiac monitoring device for real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition, transmission, and analysis. The system comprises hardware for acquiring ECG signals, algorithms for processing and machine learning models for anomaly classification. The hardware unit captures ECG data using electrodes and sensors. The signals are filtered, processed, and transmitted to the cloud infrastructure enabling real-time monitoring and analysis. Machine learning models including support vector machines, ensemble methods and Artificial neural networks are trained on ECG datasets to classify signals and detect cardiac abnormalities. Comprehensive testing validates the system's capabilities in real-time signal acquisition, processing, anomaly detection and data transmission. The integration of hardware, algorithms and machine learning enables round-the-clock monitoring of cardiac activity, facilitating prompt interventions and improved patient outcomes. This affordable and user-friendly system demonstrates potential for enhanced accessibility and effectiveness of preventive cardiac care.

Observation of Human-Operated Accesses Using Remote Management Device Honeypot

Observation of Human-Operated Accesses Using Remote Management Device Honeypot

Sistem Monitoring Dan Kontrol Otomatis LPJU Dengan Komunikasi Lora

Public Street Lighting (LPJU) is a source of lighting that helps road users when crossing the road at night. But there are still many LPJUs that light up during the day in the absence of a control system. Therefore, this study will discuss the LPJU automatic monitoring and control system using LoRa as a remote communication device. The methodology on this system uses LDR sensors as input and is processed by esp32 devkit v1 with lora communication as data transmission, and the monitoring system uses the website display on localhost phpmyadmin. The results of LoRa communication testing in LOS conditions with a distance of 100 m to 2000 m were successfully sent and received well from LPJU to a laptop even though there was a delay in data reception, while in Non-LOS conditions LoRa communication was less than optimal because there were delays and obstructions when receiving data with a distance of 1 meter to 30 meters. LPJU can be activated and disabled automatically using LDR as an automatic salkar contact, and monitoring results can be displayed on a website page with an internet connection.

Remote Serial Port Virtualization Management System based on Brotli Compression Algorithm

With the rapid development of information technology, data communication and management systems are becoming more and more important in various industries. Especially in remote device management and data center operations, effective data processing and transmission mechanisms are crucial to ensuring system performance and reliability. In this context, serial port virtualization technology is particularly important because it allows remote devices to be controlled and monitored over the network, so that physical location constraints are no longer an obstacle to efficiency and effectiveness. However, as the amount of data increases, the efficiency of data transmission and storage becomes a key issue. Although traditional compression algorithms solve this problem to a certain extent, they often fail to provide ideal compression ratios and processing speeds when processing large amounts of data, especially in environments with limited bandwidth or limited computing resources. Therefore, finding an efficient compression algorithm has become the key to improving the performance of the remote serial port virtualization management system. This article adopts the method of integrating the Brotli algorithm into the system to solve the data compression and transmission efficiency problems faced in the traditional serial port virtualization system, thereby improving the overall performance and user experience.

Non-Terrestrial Networks for Energy-Efficient Connectivity of Remote IoT Devices in the 6G Era: A Survey.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining popularity and market share, driven by its ability to connect devices and systems that were previously siloed, enabling new applications and services in a cost-efficient manner. Thus, the IoT fuels societal transformation and enables groundbreaking innovations like autonomous transport, robotic assistance, and remote healthcare solutions. However, when considering the Internet of Remote Things (IoRT), which refers to the expansion of IoT in remote and geographically isolated areas where neither terrestrial nor cellular networks are available, internet connectivity becomes a challenging issue. Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) are increasingly gaining popularity as a solution to provide connectivity in remote areas due to the growing integration of satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with cellular networks. In this survey, we provide the technological framework for NTNs and Remote IoT, followed by a classification of the most recent scientific research on NTN-based IoRT systems. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in IoRT and identify emerging research areas with high potential. In conclusion, we present and discuss 3GPP's roadmap for NTN standardization, which aims to establish an energy-efficient IoRT environment in the 6G era.

Cardiac Remote Monitoring Devices and Technologies: A Review for the Perioperative Physician and Telemedicine Providers.

Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after surgery, necessitating adequate and thorough preoperative risk stratification and screening. Several technological advances in cardiac remote monitoring have improved the assessment and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients before and after surgery. These devices perform measurements of physiological function, including vital signs, and more advanced functions, such as electrocardiograms and heart sound recordings. Some of the currently available devices include Fitbit® (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA), BodyGuardian® (Preventive Inc.,Rochester, MN, USA), ZephyrTM Performance Systems (Zephyr Inc., Annapolis, MD, USA), Sensium® (The Surgical Company, Amersfoort, UT, The Netherlands), KardiaMobile® (AliveCor, Mountain View, CA, USA), Coala® Heart Monitor (Coala Life Inc., Uppsala, Sweden), Smartex® Wearable Wellness System (Smartex, Porto, LX, Portugal), Eko® CORE and DUO (Eko Health,Emeryville, CA, USA), and TytoCareTM(TytoCare Ltd., New York, USA). Early studies have applied these devices to asymptomatic individuals and those with known cardiovascular disease with good sensitivity and specificity for electrophysiologic diagnosis. These devices carry several technical and other limitations, somewhat restricting the generalization of their use to all patients. However, information gathered from these devices can further guide anesthetic technique, operative timing, and postoperative follow-up, among other variables. As telehealth becomes more prevalent and comprehensive, it is paramount for the perioperative physician to be familiar with the available cardiac remote monitoring technologies.

IoT-based system of prevention and control for crop diseases and insect pests.

Environmentally friendly technologies for the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests are important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides, improve the quality of agricultural products, protect the environment, and promote sustainable development of crop production. On the basis of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, we developed a prevention and control system for crop diseases and insect pests with two main components: a plant protection device (the hardware) and an information management system (the software). To be suitable for both facility- and field-based production scenarios, we incorporated two types of plant protection devices, utilizing ozone sterilization and light-trap technologies. The devices were equipped with various sensors to realize real-time collection and monitoring of data on the crop production environment. The information management system has an IoT-based architecture and includes a mobile device app to enable remote control of the plant protection devices for intelligent management of plant protection data. The system can achieve efficient management of large-scale equipment applications and multi-device collaborative work to prevent and control pests and diseases. The developed system has operated successfully for several years in China and has been applied to cucumber, tomato, rice, and other crops. We demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the system in a greenhouse facility and in the field.

Information-Theoretic Secure Key Sharing for Wide-Area Mobile Applications

With the rapid growth of handheld devices in the internet of things (IoT) networks, mobile applications have become ubiquitous in everyday life. As technology is developed, so do also the risks and threats associated with it, especially in the forthcoming quantum era. Existing IoT networks, however, lack a quantum-resistant secret key sharing scheme to meet confidential message transmission demands in wide-area mobile applications. To address this issue, this article proposes a new scheme, channel reciprocity (CR) based quantum key distribution (QKD) CRQKD, which accomplishes the goal of secret key sharing by combining emerging techniques of QKD and CR-based key generation (CRKG). Exploiting laws of quantum physics and properties of wireless channels, the proposed scheme is able to ensure the secrecy of the key, even against computationally unbounded adversaries. The basic mechanism is elaborated for a single-user case and it is extended into a multi-user case by redesigning a multi-user edge forwarding strategy. In addition, to make CR-QKD more practical, some enhancement strategies are studied to reduce the time delay and to improve the secret key generation rate in a secure manner. A prototype of CR-QKD is demonstrated in a metropolitan area network, where secret keys are shared between two remote IoT devices that are roughly fifteen kilometers apart from each other. The experimental results have verified that CR-QKD allows a secret key rate of 424 bits per second with a retransmission rate of 2.1%.

What Should We Understand from PISA 2022 Results?

In this study, PISA 2022 results, which were held in 81 countries in 2022, have been evaluated within the scope of the courses included. In this context, a projection has been made on the PISA 2022 results consisting of sections in mathematics, science and reading comprehension. Besides, the factors that are efficient on results of the tests have also been tried to be evaluated within some criteria. It has been found that the importance of extra help carried out by teachers, using remote devices and platforms, socio-economic status and spoken language at home are still significant factors on test scores. It is recommended, for countries whose science, mathematics and reading scores are under the OECD average, to use new digital based-technologies and providing students to access to education with the required help can help them increase PISA scores.

Public Street Lighting Monitoring System Uses Telegram-Based Application Wireless Sensor Network

Public Street Lighting (PJU) usually operates all night until early morning without a remote device to adjust the conditions. In monitoring the PJU lights, the officers are still carrying out their duties manually by visiting the place. This study aims to build a PJU monitoring system tool by utilizing the NodeMCU ESP32 as a microcontroller and a wifi module, which will later send notifications via the Telegram Bot. This system uses the ACS712 current sensor to detect the value of the current flowing in public street lighting installations, the VDC voltage sensor to detect the voltage value, and the LDR sensor to detect light. The read data will be processed by ESP32, which will then be sent to the Telegram Bot. The result of this study is a PJU monitoring tool. With this tool, officers can remotely monitor the PJU lights' condition. The Telegram bot will send notification messages to officers at 07.00 and 19.00. In addition, officers can ask about the state of the lights by instructing "cek pju" to the Telegram Bot. The system has been successfully implemented and operates normally and optimally, demonstrating its efficacy in practical testing

Building a Secure IoT Platform for Smart Home Automation: A Comprehensive Integration

Abstract: The creation and use of a novel Internet ofThings (IoT) platform designed for smart home automation arepresented in this research study. The platform combines powerful hardware elements with cutting-edge software technologies. It makes use of Docker ptimization on, an Ubuntu-based Linux server, and essential utilities like Traefik, MySQL, Node-RED, Mosquitto, Adminer, and InfluxDB. The infrastructure is painstakingly built to provide scalable deployment, effective data management, and smooth communication. The core of the technique is the creation of a Linux server running Ubuntu. A flexible reverse proxy called Traefik ptimizat web traffic and makes sure that components communicate with one other effectively. Docker ptimization on is used for the modular deployment of services,such as the central orchestrator Node-RED, the lightweightMQTT broker services provided by Mosquitto, and MySQL for structured data storage. Time-series data processing and database administration are improved by the combination of Adminer and InfluxDB. The visual programming tool Node- RED acts as the central data flow orchestrator, allowing databases and devices to be connected with ease. Real-time datainterchange is ensured via MQTT implementation usingMosquitto, which is essential for Internet of Things applications.Network protocols, Docker best practices, and optional SSL/TLS implementation are just a few of the security features that provide a stable and secure environment. Security audits are planned on a regular basis to find and fix such weaknesses. Hardware for home automation control includes DHT11 sensors, 4-channel relay modules, and ESP32 development boards. Beyond simple automation, the platform includes functionalities for sensor data collecting, remote device administration, and intuitive appliance control via a Node-RED Dashboard. Applications include temperature, humidity, and air quality monitoring, as well as security and surveillance withbuilt-in cameras and motion sensors.

Implementation of Green IoT to Achieve Sustainable Environment for Improving Energy Efficiency

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a powerful tool in the pursuit of achieving a sustainable environment. This abstract highlights the key facets of IoT implementation to foster sustainability. IoT's ability to seamlessly connect devices, collect real-time data, and enable intelligent decision-making has revolutionized various sectors, including energy management, waste reduction, and conservation of natural resources. One of the pivotal applications of IoT in sustainability is in energy management. Smart grids, powered by IoT, optimize energy distribution, reduce wastage, and integrate renewable energy sources effectively. IoT-driven sensors and controls in buildings further enhance energy efficiency through automated lighting, heating, and cooling systems, resulting in reduced carbon emissions. IoT's impact extends to waste management by enabling smart bins that monitor and optimize waste collection routes. This minimizes fuel consumption, reduces traffic congestion, and mitigates the environmental footprint of waste disposal. Moreover, IoT-driven sensors in agricultural practices facilitate precision farming, optimizing resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact. Natural resource conservation is another realm where IoT plays a pivotal role. Smart sensors and remote monitoring devices enable real-time tracking of water quality, air pollution levels, and forest health. This data empowers policymakers and environmentalists to make informed decisions, mitigating the consequences of environmental degradation. To achieve a sustainable green environment through IoT, it's essential to consider data privacy, security, and interoperability between devices and systems.

Research of microprocessor device and software for remote control of a robotic system

The modern stage of the development of intelligent robotic systems is characterized by the expansion of fields of application, which is due to autonomous work and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. The object of research is the system of remote control of robotic systems. During the remote control of robotic systems, problems arise that are associated with the use of wireless communication in real time. The article analyzes software and hardware implementations of various remote control systems suitable for use as part of autonomous robotic systems and analyzes promising microcontroller platforms for implementing a remote control device for a robotic system. A brief review of existing protocols for transmitting control signals using radio communication equipment and microprocessor platforms for the development of embedded systems is performed, among which a solution is selected for research. Several approaches to the control of a robotic system are highlighted – control using a wired connection and corresponding protocols, control via wireless communication or via the Internet, control via general-purpose network protocols. The target platform is chosen and justified, and the S.BUS protocol is analyzed with the provision of an algorithm for obtaining the values of the control channels from the S.BUS package. The structure and algorithm of functioning of the microprocessor remote control system based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the FreeRTOS OS are given. A study of the operation process of the proposed remote control system is carried out, for which it is placed on the chassis of a ground autonomous robotic system with four-wheel drive, and the delay time of the control signal from the receiver to the engine control modules is determined. According to the conducted analysis, the expediency of using specialized radio communication equipment with the S.BUS protocol for controlling executive devices as part of a robotic system, for precise movement control in real time, is shown.

Mobile Monitoring-Enabled Telehealth for Patients with Complex Chronic Illnesses.

Telehealth has the potential to improve management of poorly controlled chronic diseases relative to clinic-based care alone. Mobile monitoring-enabled technologies could enhance telehealth for chronic illness care. Implementation in practice settings would rely on automated integration of data into the electronic health record (EHR). We describe the integration and visualization of data from four remote monitoring devices into the EHR that is coupled with the evaluation of an evidence-based nurse and pharmacist-led telehealth care model for patients with uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension. Using this new pragmatic infrastructure, clinicians use the EHR to prescribe for patients a suite of devices. Alerts are placed upon the data that notify a clinician when values go above or below set thresholds. These data are visualized in the clinical record and clinicians use the EHR as a tool for efficiently delivering and documenting patient telehealth encounters.

Effects of Environmental and Climatic Conditions on PV Efficiency in Qatar

The sensitivity of various solar photovoltaic technologies towards dust, temperature and relative humidity is investigated for Qatar’s environment. Results obtained show that dust accumulation has the great effect on decreasing Amorphous and Mono-crystalline PV’s efficiency than the panel’s temperature augmentation or relative humidity. The study shows that Amorphous PVs are more robust against dust settlement than Mono-crystalline PVs and hence are more suitable for implementation in desert climates like Qatar. It was estimated that 100 days of dust accumulation over Mono-crystalline PV panels, caused the efficiency to decrease by 10%. This limitation makes solar PV an unreliable source of power for unattended or remote devices and thus strongly suggests the challenge of cleaning the panel’s surface regularly or injecting technical modifications. Also, the study assesses how best to operate solar PV plants during peak sunlight hours to optimize production and minimize the sun’s harsh effects.

Development of contamination detection system combined with various remote devices

The detection of alpha and beta contamination locations is important for decontaminating nuclear facilities. In the high radiation dose rate environment at the decommissioning sites, the contamination measurement by the workers is not effective. Thus, we developed a remote automatic contamination measurement system using a new scintillator-based detector. A 50 mmφ × 100-μm-thick YAlO3(Ce)(YAP:Ce) scintillator was coupled with a flat panel-type multianode photomultiplier tube. The detector was installed downwards at the bottom of a robot. It has an energy measurement capability, and the energy measurement could discriminate the alpha particles from the beta and 222Rn alpha particles. With the energy information, alpha and beta particles could be identified and mapped simultaneously. In addition, a slow-moving robot could be used to obtain statistically sufficient counts in a single run measurement, allowing the evaluation of surface contamination density using only alpha particles. The remote automatic contamination measurement system will be useful in visualizing the contamination distribution in environments that are inaccessible to workers.

Communication-efficient and privacy-preserving large-scale federated learning counteracting heterogeneity

Federated learning is a commonly distributed framework for large-scale learning, where a model is learned over massively distributed remote devices without sharing information on devices. It has at least three key challenges: heterogeneity in federated networks, privacy and communication costs. In this paper, we propose three federated learning algorithms to handle these issues gradually. First, we introduce a FedSfDane algorithm (DANE with Shrinkage factor for Federated learning), which improves the inexact approximation of the full gradient, captures statistical heterogeneity and restrains systems heterogeneity across the devices. For avoiding possible privacy leakage in federated learning, a Privacy-preserving FedSfDane algorithm (PFedSfDane) is proposed, which is resistant to adversary attacks. Further, we give a novel Communication-efficient PFedSfDane (CPFedSfDane) algorithm for large-scale federated networks, which effectively handles the above three challenges. We give convergence guarantees for the three algorithms to convex and non-convex learning problems. Numerical experiments illustrate our algorithms outperform FedDANE, FedAvg and FedProx algorithms, especially for highly heterogeneous federated networks. CPFedSfDane improves the prediction accuracy of the state-of-the-art FedDANE algorithm by about 15.0% on sent140 dataset, and has high privacy protection and communication efficiency.

Evaluation of characteristics on the indoor dwelling environments of traditional villages in Hehuang area of China based on basic environmental parameters under remote sensing technology

In Chinese northwestern rural households where the indoor air quality is worse than the outside, rural residents face much higher health risks than urban residents. In this study, remote physical sensor devices and detectors technology were used to monitor and calculate the dwelling environmental quality index of 12 dwellings of traditional villages in the Hehuang area of China based on four environmental parameters to assess the indoor air quality of local dwellings. The results show that (1) the DEQI value reached 76 in summer but only 50 in winter, and the indoor dwelling environment quality in the Hehuang area was better in summer than in winter. (2) The ST was only 34 in summer and even lower in winter, at only 10, and low indoor temperatures were a chronic problem for the indoor dwelling spaces throughout the year. (3) In both summer and winter, the SRH reached 86, which was satisfactory overall. (4) In summer, the SCO2 value was 89 and the SPM10 value was 96, reflecting relatively good overall conditions. In winter, the SCO2 value was 65, the concentrations generally increased, and the SPM10 value was equal to 40, with concentrations exceeding the national standard value more than half the time. This study enables local governments and residents to accurately evaluate and analysis existing indoor dwelling environment problems based on this remote sensing technology, enhance the environmental health awareness of local residents, and provide an objective basis for improving the local dwelling environment and developing relevant policies.

A provably secure and practical end-to-end authentication scheme for tactile Industrial Internet of Things

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), haptic control of machines or robots can be managed remotely. However, with the emergence of Tactile Industrial Internet of Things (TIIoT), the transmission of haptic data over public channels has raised security and privacy concerns. In such an environment, mutual authentication between haptic users and remotely controlled entities is crucial to prevent illegal control by adversaries. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end authentication scheme, SecTIIoT, to establish secure communication between haptic users and remote IoT devices. The scheme addresses security issues by using lightweight hash cryptographic primitives and employs a useful piggyback strategy to improve authentication efficiency. We demonstrate that SecTIIoT is resilient to various known attacks with formal security proofs and informal security analysis. Furthermore, our detailed performance analysis shows that SecTIIoT outperforms existing lightweight authentication schemes as it provides more security features while reducing computation and communication costs.

Application of remote electrocardiogram monitoring systems in chest pain centers for patients with high-risk chest pain.

Chinese chest pain centers (CPCs) have been expanding and maturing for the past decade, but patient wait times for pre-hospital care remain long. To demonstrate that the remote electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system can ensure more efficient treatment for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in CPCs, we compared patients with high-risk chest pain who used remote ECG monitoring systems to those who used conventional ECGs in retrospective cohort study. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 290 patients who visited our CPC between June 2019 and March 2022 with acute chest pain and a diagnosis of STEMI as well as patients who had undergone an emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention were selected. Among them, 73 patients with STEMI had employed remote real-time dynamic 12-lead ECG monitoring devices, while 217 patients with STEMI (i.e., the controls) had used conventional ECG monitoring. The effectiveness of treatment procedures for the two groups was investigated. As statistical measures, the symptom onset-to-wire times, first medical contact (FMC)-to-wire times, door-to-wire times, major adverse cardiac events in hospital, and the troponin T levels were analyzed. Compared with the control group, the patients with remote real-time dynamic 12-lead ECG monitoring devices showed shorter times for both symptom onset-to-wire (234.8 ± 95.8 min vs. 317.6 ± 129.6 min, P= 0.0321) and from symptom onset-to-FMC (170.5 ± 86.3 min vs. 245.3 ± 115.6min, P= 0.0287); this group also had a lower 30-day mortality rate (2.73% vs. 4.14%, P= 0.003). The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P< 0.05). With remote real-time dynamic 12-lead ECG monitoring equipment, myocardial ischemia can be treated more quickly, leading to fewer possible cardiac events and a better prognosis.