Remote Classes Research Articles

ALUNOS COM BAIXA VISÃO E PROFESSORES DURANTE O ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, measures were created to combat the virus, such as social distancing, which caused schools and other educational institutions to suspend their face- to-face activities, adhering to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Adaptations and the use of different teaching strategies in this context were necessary and it was considered relevant to understand how regular class and Special Education teachers and students with Visual Impairment (VI) dealt with the particularities of the ERT. The objective of the present study was to analyze the characteristics of the ERE for students with VI enrolled in elementary school II and high school, during the pandemic. This is a descriptive exploratory research, in which data collection was carried out online, through interviews with a semi-structured script, via Google Meet. The collected data were submitted to textual content analysis, interpreted and organized into categories. Information was obtained on how students with low vision accessed content in remote classes, which platforms were more and less accessible, how teachers acted and remote work, using Google Meet as the main platform for accessing classes. The data allow us to broaden the understanding of the experiences of regular class teachers, Special Education teachers and students with low vision about ERT during the Coronavirus pandemic.

Higher Education in the New Reality: A Study of Students’ Preferences About Digital Learning in Mexico

ABSTRACT Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education students had to switch to online classes to avoid infections, so universities had to adapt to a situation known as emergency remote education and had to provide digital content to simulate the traditional classroom experience. Now, as we transition from the pandemic, returning to in-person education has been a challenge. This period, often referred to as the “new normal,” is characterized by a mix of in-person and digital learning. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate students’ preferences for digital education in this new educational landscape. In this exploratory empirical study, the preferences of undergraduate students at a private university in Mexico were evaluated through a survey. This survey was applied by the Directorate of Educational Innovation and Digital Learning through institutional means in September 2022. It had multiple-choice questions and an open final question. A total of 2725 responses were obtained. Student responses were analyzed using a mixed methods methodology. Responses to multiple-choice questions were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, while responses to open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that although students prefer academic programs with 80 to 100% in-person, they also prefer digital or remote classes. This preference is highlighted by students who work and study simultaneously. These studies show that the hybrid and flexible format (HyFlex) can take off in this new normal. However, more studies are required to demonstrate its effectiveness in learning.

A Study on the Design of Interactive Reading Discussion Essay Remote Classes in the Post-corona Era

A Study on the Design of Interactive Reading Discussion Essay Remote Classes in the Post-corona Era

The effectiveness of Emergency Remote Education (ERE) according to Medicine, Nursing, and Dentistry students

Introduction: Due to the Covid-19 pandemic the Universities had to reinvent themselves and adapt to the new reality. Different versions of Emergency Remote Education (ERE) emerged, in which theoretical classes were taught remotely to the detriment of practice, which would be taught at another time. The discipline of Anatomy, based on practice, needs to undergo adaptations. Practical classes in medicine, dentistry, and nursing were temporarily suspended to be taught in a subsequent period, dissociated from theoretical teaching, and carried out remotely online. Material and Methods: Interviewed 451 health area students from a public university. All students had completed at least one period of Anatomy at ERE and at least one period in person. Results: The majority of students, from all courses, did not agree with the usefulness of remote classes, but they participated in online tutoring and students do not seem to believe that remote teaching could lead to insecurity in the application of anatomy in the clinic. There was reported similarity in the effectiveness of remote classes compared to face-to-face classes and a large percentage of medical (n=135) and nursing (n=35) students believe that theoretical classes do not lead to clinical insecurity, unlike dentistry students (n=73) who think so. Conclusion: In general, the student did not fully approve of the ERE, but did not feel disadvantaged in the teaching of Anatomy, and prefers face-to-face teaching. Most of them attended a monitoring in the ERE, and believe it is most difficult to study practice in Anatomy after theoretical classes.

USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRAINING OF PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A MIXED FORM OF EDUCATION

Actuality of the research. The authors present their own experience of implementing digital technologies during the teaching of professional training disciplines. The article substantiates the relevance of the implementation of digital technologies during the teaching of professional training disciplines for students of higher education in the specialty "Therapy and rehabilitation", namely: "Ergotherapy in psychiatry", "Massage", "Physical therapy and occupational therapy for injuries and diseases of the nervous system" , "Bioethics and deontology", "Physical therapy in gerontology and geriatrics" in conditions of mixed education. The aim of the study is to demonstrate one's own pedagogical experience regarding the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies during the teaching of professional training disciplines in the specialty "Physical therapy, occupational therapy / Therapy and rehabilitation". Research methodology. The educational process in a mixed format included classes in offline and online form using digital technologies of the Blogger educational blog, Mindomo mental maps, interactive exercises of the LearningApps service, and Google Form. 116 higher education graduates and 9 teachers providing teaching of professional training disciplines were involved in the survey process. Results. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of using the developed technology with the use of digital resources in the study of special training disciplines. Conclusions. The introduction of digital technologies is one of the progressive ways of modernizing higher education in modern conditions. A rational combination of classroom and remote classes with the use of digital technologies has a positive effect among students and allows for better learning of the material

Introductory physics during COVID-19 remote instruction: gender gaps in exams are eliminated, but test anxiety and self-efficacy still predict success

We investigate differences in psychological constructs and learning outcomes between students in introductory physics courses who took remote classes during COVID and those who took in-person classes. We first investigated mean differences in students’ self-efficacy, test anxiety, and learning outcomes in two categories: low-stakes (homework, quizzes) and high-stakes (exams) assessments. We found that most differences were small or moderate, however; students performed drastically better on exams during remote classes compared to in-person classes. This may be partially attributed to different exam formats during remote versus in-person classes. Gender differences in high-stakes assessment grades were also eliminated during remote instruction. From these results, we make several suggestions for instructors that may alleviate the adverse effects of test anxiety and make physics assessments more equitable and inclusive.

대학 원격수업 컨설팅 및 효과성 평가 연구

Objectives Following the COVID-19 pandemic, a shift to distance learning occurred, and some classes continue to be held remotely. Although universities have conducted class consulting to adapt traditional lecture-based courses to remote formats, research evaluating the effectiveness of these consultations from the perspective of learners, the educational consumers, is lacking. This study aims to develop evaluation items for assessing the effectiveness of remote classes and to verify the effectiveness of class consulting. Methods Variables for evaluating the effectiveness of the remote transition of courses were identified through a review of prior research and case analysis. Based on these variables, effectiveness evaluation items were developed, followed by validation by experts. Consulting was then provided to instructors and courses at S University that had applied for it, and the effectiveness of remote classes was assessed using the developed evaluation items. Results Through expert validation, the final evaluation factors identified were “perceived academic achievement,” “learning satisfaction,” “learning engagement,” “intention to continue learning,” “learning immersion,” and “self- regulated learning,” with specific items developed for each factor. The study found that all six areas improved significantly in undergraduate classes, while in graduate classes, all areas except self-regulated learning showed significant improvement. Conclusions Consulting for the improvement of classes, including remote classes, will continue to be important in the future. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of consulting for remote classes using the evaluation tool presented in this study.

QUALITY OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOL SPORTS AND HEALTH CLASSES

Distance learning or remote studies can break the boundaries of time and space, as students can use computers or electronic devices (for instance, mobile phones and tablets) to instantly acquire learning resources and listen to teachers during remote classes. The pandemic led to procedures that changed the way teachers teach and communicate with students and families. All teachers faced such a situation for the first time, thus it was necessary to invent, acquire and apply new teaching methods in sports and health classes, in order to provide students with the planned amount of physical activity in sports classes, as well as to implement the curriculum. The human body is made for movement; therefore, a person feels best when they move regularly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the skills of sports teachers to apply digital teaching methods in secondary school sports and health classes, and the quality of distance learning. Research methods: the research used surveys, which were issued to 29 secondary schools in Latvia, as well as to 2 respondents from primary schools. In total, 34 respondents filled out the research survey. In order to determine the opinion of sports teachers on the quality of distance learning in sports classes in secondary school and the applied digital skills, interviews were conducted with the participation of 5 sports teachers. Analysing the responses to the survey and the correlations between them, the research results show that if the sports teacher has not acquired digital skills, then online and distance learning cannot be provided, as well as the set learning results in sports in secondary school are not achieved.

Influence of distance section classes on aesthetic gymnastics on the physical condition of students of 18-19 years of higher education institution

The article deals with the possibility of using aesthetic gymnastics in the program of remote section classes among students of 18-19 years of higher education. The relevance and practical significance of this study is due to the need to improve the overall physical condition of the student youth, especially in recent years, which are characterized by the unjustified transition of many universities of Ukraine mainly to the sectional form of work with students, the consequences of the world pandemic at the Covid-19 and the military condition. In connection with the above, an evaluation of the use of aesthetic gymnastics tools was used in the program of sectional distance classes of students of higher education. It is proved that the use of the studio girls of the said program contributed to a significant improvement in their overall physical condition. The completion of the study was a significant increase in the levels of functional state of circulatory systems and external respiration (respectively by 36.37%and 26.33%), physical health (by 27.97%), physical work capacity (by 33.13%), weight loss (by 3.74%), values of deviation of body weight from proper values (by 7.63%), fat component (by 20.27%) and score for the type of body construction (by 15.57%). The results testified to the high efficiency of the use of aesthetic gymnastics in the program of section remote classes for students of higher education institution and the possibility of practical use in the boiling process of higher education in physical education.

Optimizing the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of female students aged 17-19 with the help of a modified program of distance classes in physical education

The article deals with the peculiarities of the impact of a modified program of distance training on physical education on the functional state of circulatory systems and external breathing of students of 17-19 years of higher education. The relevance and practical importance of this study is due to the complex modern conditions of life of our country, the inability to conduct full -fledged classes among student youth and the need to maintain the optimal level of physical and functional state of student youth. The use among female students of the experimental group of the program of remote classes proposed by us contributed to significantly higher rates of improvement in heart rate, all types of blood pressure, Robinson's index, total peripheral resistance of blood vessels, coefficient of efficiency of blood circulation, vital capacity of the lungs (in 2-3 times), breath retention time on inhalation and exhalation (3 and 5 times, respectively), Skibinsky index 5 times, hypoxia index (20 times) and almost 5 times the levels of the functional state of the cardiovascular system and the external system breath. The results of changes in their intragroup distribution by the levels of levels of functional state of circulatory and external respiration, which were reflected in the increase of their representation in functional classes high and above average, were significantly more optimal in the experimental group. Similar changes in the girls of the control group were insignificant. The results testified to the high efficiency of the proposed program of distance classes with the use of fitness and the possibility of its practical use among students of higher education.

The prevalence of neck pain, back pain and low back pain among third-year medical students at universities in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre in times of Covid-19

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cervical, dorsal and lumbar pain caused by switching to remote classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is an original article based on a cross-sectional study among men and women over the age of 18 who are third-year medical students to assess the incidence of neck pain, back pain and low back pain, using online forms with questions about physical and mental health. Results: Around 60% of the participants said they had adapted their study environment because of the remote classes, with a further 70% saying they were attending classes in the office, with their backs poorly supported. In addition, there was a low number of overweight students who performed daily stretching. Conclusion: The data was analyzed using tables, descriptive statistics and the statistical test: Mann-Whitney Non-parametric Test and Krsukal-Wallis Non-parametric Test and the importance of further research was highlighted, given that this research topic is essential for the prevention of possible comorbidities.

Food consumption and remote working conditions among Brazilian Primary Schools teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: Teaching work, which is characterized by being exhausting, with a significant workload, with synchronous and/or asynchronous remote classes. Objective: To describe associations between the working conditions of school teachers at home and their food consumption during the suspension of face-to-face classes. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire with 15,372 working teachers from Minas Gerais, Brazil. The dependent variables analyzed were the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, remote work conditions, understanding of online technologies, computer access, and quality of Internet connection. The Poisson model with robust variance was used to determine the association between working conditions and food consumption. Results: In the analysis of the adjusted multivariate model, there was a significant association between eating habits and the following variables: gender, age, working hours (per week), feelings regarding teachers’ work during the pandemic, working hours during the pandemic and quality work internet connection. Our data shows that teachers’ remote working conditions are associated with worse food consumption. They also showed that working hours equal to or greater than 40 hours per week, feelings of dissatisfaction with working conditions during the pandemic, increased working hours during the pandemic and poor quality of internet connection were variables correlated with the consumption of unhealthy foods. Conclusions: Remote working conditions during the pandemic influenced primary school teachers’ food choices. More studies are needed to delve deeper into issues related to teachers’ working conditions and the implications for food choices.

Remote exercise classes are associated with better quality of life in people with Parkinson’s during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background The classical hallmarks of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) include motor and non-motor symptoms. People with Parkinson’s (PwP) report that the non-motor symptoms, such as memory problems, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances, have a greater impact on their overall quality of life (QOL). Factors that improve wellbeing for PwP may also lead to improved QOL for their carers. The benefits of exercise in slowing disease decline and improving overall QOL in PwP have been well documented, but online exercise methods have not been extensively studied. Methods Our observational cross-sectional study recruited n=91 PwP and n=23 individuals acting as caregivers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used online surveys with validated clinical questionnaires, including the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), to assess the impact of different remote online exercise classes on PD symptoms. We also assessed the wellbeing of the PwP’s caregivers using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire - Carer (PDQ-C) at the same time. Results PwP who exercised daily had better QOL scores (45.67 ± 4.34) compared to PwP who exercised once a week or less (123.50 ± 14.56; p<0.001). Those who undertook daily exercise also had lower depression scores (9.37 ± 1.68) than those who exercised less frequently (23.50 ± 3.65; p=0.002). We also found that people who maintained their exercise regimes during the restrictive lockdown period had better QOL scores, ie. lower PDQ-39 scores, (44.64 ± 5.57) compared to those who decreased their frequency of exercise (76.81 ± 7.75; p=0.001). When we assessed caregivers at this timepoint, we found that these individuals had QOL scores within the normal range. Conclusion Remote exercise classes were associated with lower depression scores and better QOL in PwP. PwP who partook in remote classes during lockdowns maintained physical activity and this had positive impacts on their wellbeing.

Model of student engagement in the distance learning process

PurposeWe aimed to identify factors that influence student engagement in distance learning.Design/methodology/approachThe research involved a group of 671 students from economic and technical higher education institutions in Poland. We collected the data with the CAWI technique and an original survey. Next, we processed the data using principal component analysis and then used the extracted components as predictors in the induced smoothing LASSO regression model.FindingsThe components of the students’ attitude toward remote classes learning conditions are: satisfaction with teachers’ approach, attitude to distance learning, the system of students’ values and motivation, IT infrastructure of the university, building a network of contacts and communication skills. The final model consisted of seven statistically significant variables, encompassing the student’s sex, level of studies and the first five extracted PCs. Student’s system of values and motivation as well as attitude toward distance learning, were those variables that had the biggest influence on student engagement.Practical implicationsThe research result suggests that in addition to students’ system of values and motivation and their attitude toward distance learning, the satisfaction level of teachers’ attitude is one of the three most important factors that influence student engagement during the distance learning process.Originality/valueThe main value of this article is the statistical model of student engagement during distance learning. The article fills the research gap in identifying and evaluating the impact of various factors determining student engagement in the distance learning process.

Energy Performance of Higher Education Institutions Buildings Operating During Quarantine Restrictions and/or Martial Law in Ukraine

Abstract During the pandemic and periods of martial law, educational institutions in Ukraine implemented various forms of organising the educational process, combining in-person and remote classes. As a result, there has been a decrease in the level of use of building premises. The analysis of the characteristics of energy consumption in these conditions requires additional attention. In this study, a dynamic energy model of the building was created using the educational building of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute as an example. Energy consumption for heating needs was determined for normal operating conditions and quarantine conditions in Ukraine (only a specific part of the premises is being operated, ensuring that the standard temperature value is maintained while people are present). Based on the results of the study, the features of the energy consumption of the building during quarantine/martial law restrictions, subject to the partial use of the building, were analysed, and the main disadvantages of such a mode were identified. For the educational building of the university, the total energy consumption for heating needs depends on the number of rooms that are actively used, and the modes of regulation of heating and ventilation; the consumption can decrease depending on the chosen scenario by 61 %, 56 %, and 34 % in quarantine mode. The findings indicate that the efficiency of regulation modes can decrease by more than four times when compared to normal mode due to internal heat exchange with unoccupied rooms.

Changes in Pharmacy Students' Awareness of Hepatitis B Patients through Patient Lectures as Humanity Education: Findings from Questionnaire Surveys of Face-to-Face and Simultaneous Remote Classes.

In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic made social distancing compulsory. In patient lectures by hepatitis B patients (Patient Lectures)-a humanity education initiative that had traditionally been delivered face-to-face to assembled students-it was necessary to divide the students into two groups, one that attended the Patient Lectures in person (face-to-face group) and another that assembled in a separate room to view the delivered lecture simultaneously and remotely via a teleconferencing platform (remote group). To investigate possible changes in students' awareness of hepatitis B patients before (pre-) and after (post-) the lecture that year, the face-to-face and remote-attendance groups were analyzed separately. The participants were 203 fourth-year students belonging to the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Japan's Setsunan University, whose pre-clinical education curriculum prior to pharmacy practice experience included a Patient Lecture. The students were divided into two groups based on their student-ID numbers. Survey questionnaires were completed anonymously before and after the Patient Lecture. The students' awareness of hepatitis B patients' experience changed significantly after attending the Patient Lectures; this change was similar in both the face-to-face and remote-attendance groups. Regarding the possibility of hepatitis B virus infection, the remote group selected fewer answers implying strong convictions than did the face-to-face group, and both groups perceived several issues incorrectly. Although slight differences were observed between the two groups, the changes before and after the lectures were similar, indicating that humanity-education lectures are worthwhile not only when delivered in face-to-face contexts but also when delivered and viewed remotely within a class setting.

Motivation to engage in physical education in remote conditions during martial law in Ukraine

The prerequisite for success in any business is the formation of a motivational sphere, the development of which requires targeted pedagogical influence. At the current stage, a number of issues related to the physical development and physical fitness of the younger generation deserve attention. Regardless of who the child will become, where he will work, teachers must always show a high civic sense of responsibility for the fate of the younger generation. The article analyzes the main motivational factors that will increase the interest and interest of schoolchildren in completing tasks in physical education classes. A survey of schoolchildren was carried out in order to determine the motives that motivate them to attend distance physical education classes, as well as being a motivating factor for active motor activity of schoolchildren. The obtained results show that 58% of schoolchildren like to attend remote classes, 24% do not want to attend online classes, and 18% noted that attendance is largely influenced by other factors, including mood. Analyzing the obtained results, it was established that 17% of schoolchildren like the fact that they can conduct classes while being at home, in danger and do not need to spend time traveling to school; 14% of children noted authority and respect for the teacher; 12% indicated that communication with friends is an attractive factor; 18% - like to perform exercises independently without external supervision; 11% - interested in the possibility of combining theoretical tasks with practical ones; 28% of students highlighted the possibility of using various IT technologies during the educational process. In the course of the work, it was experimentally proven that the majority of students have a persistent interest in physical education in an offline format. During distance learning, students need interesting and modern educational material with mandatory feedback from the teacher with options for certain incentives for the work done. The effectiveness of the work of a teacher-student largely depends on social factors, the opinion and support of the family, as well as quality communication between the participants of the educational process.

Impact of COVID-19 on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dentistry of Piracicaba Dental School students

Aim: To assess the opinion of the students on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice in dentistry at the Piracicaba Dental School – FOP/UNICAMP. Methods: A questionnaire was applied using the Google Forms platform, containing 20 questions related to the impacts of the pandemic on knowledge, mental health, and clinical and laboratory practice of dentistry. The satisfaction of the students with teaching was also evaluated. A total of 120 questionnaires were analyzed using R software, through tables and graphs of absolute and relative frequencies distribution. Results: COVID-19 affected the lives of 99% students who participated in the study. Due to distance learning resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, 50% of the students considered locking or dropping out of college. Operative dentistry was the curricular component most affected by distance and lack of clinical practice. Although most students agreed that the workload of practical disciplines was or would be replaced, 95% felt some kind of deficit in clinical and laboratory practice even with the replacement of the workload. In addition, 93.3% of the students were afraid of not becoming a qualified professional due to the deficiencies on theoretical knowledge and clinical practice caused by the pandemic. Conclusions: Students showed dissatisfaction with the deficiency of clinical and laboratory practice resulting from the pandemic in operative dentistry curricular component. They reported fear and insecurity with their future professional lives. The indication of remote classes for dentistry should only be carried out in emergencies because this is an essentially practical course that suffers losses in learning.

BASIC COMPUTING IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION: UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACTS IN EDUCATIONAL SCOPE

Nowadays we have to agree with the point that it is important to develop Basic Informatics in the school environment for the development and learning of students, therefore educational institutions have as their main role the integral training of individuals and citizens for the world, therefore, they always need to be offering tools and means that cover the skills and competencies necessary for this. TDICs (Digital Information and Communication Technology) have changed the way in which human beings work, communicate and learn, in the Educational field they have been incorporated in order to promote greater learning on the part of students. The objective of this study is analyze the importance of introducing Basic Informatics in Elementary Education, since this study was carried out at the Colégio Estadual de Tempo Integral do Município de Araguatins - TO in two stages, the first was observation where the degree of difficulty of students in different areas and the second stage in a practical way to address students' difficulties with technological tools in Special Education. Due to COVID-19, the entire academic population had to adapt to the conditions of remote classes and as a result, in some cases, we heard about online learning for the first time. It is notable how difficult it is for students to learn about the topic, so that the analyzes of each methodology used must always be considered. The results show that technologies are gaining more and more notoriety in society, in order to impact social relations, as well as the educational process, with the teacher being the main means with the responsibility of always innovating, in this way it will be possible to make students capable and qualified people to deal with advanced digital information.

Gender equity in university students in Mexico City, after 20 months of remote classes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Several studies have reported that university students were affected during the months of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Mexico, public and private universities were the last to resume face-to-face activities, so the students stayed in remote classes for almost 20 months. Because of gender inequities in higher education, it is essential to analyze the differential effects of remote learning on male and female students in terms of their physical and mental health, motivation, school achievement, and students’ adaptation to changes. Here we surveyed 573 students from Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Campus Iztapalapa in Mexico City, using a self-administration survey online. Our results showed that female students had more work overload at home, and felt more affected in their physical and mental health compared to men. Despite these difficulties, women were more willing to get ahead in academic and work settings.