Remarkable Monument Research Articles

Cultural Concepts in the Turkish Translation of „The Knight in the Panther’s Skin“

The present work is a critical analysis of Shota Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin" translated into Turkish by Professor Bilal Dindar and Assistant Professor Zeinelabidin Makas. We will present comparison of the original and translated texts of "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin". "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin" is one of the remarkable monuments of medieval literature. "The Knight in the Panther’s Skin" is an epic work containing lyrical passages, the story of which takes place in Arabia and India. We often find cultural-specific concepts in the target language, the translator tries to adapt the lexical units in the original text to his own culture. These cultural concepts are: sun, moon, devil, wine drinking. We used the following methods during the research: Corpus Linguistic research method, which is relevant in modern humanitarian studies. The use of this method allows to quickly and efficiently process a large amount of empirical material, which simplifies the research process. We have also used method of linguoculturological analysis. Modern linguoculturology studies are of a comparative-contrastive nature, because the national specificity and universality of the concepts are particularly clearly revealed when comparing the materials of two or more languages. According to the linguocultural analysis, we will study the cultural concepts in two different cultural texts, which will help in the detailed description of the cultural concepts expressed in the linguistic process.

Eastern Motif in Kazakh Literature (based on the fairy tale “A Thousand and One Nights”)

One of the relevant aspects of the study of modern comparative literature is the study of the complex of motives and motional complexes. Modern literary critics attach great importance to the motive and the motive complex. Because research on the motive and the motive complex in literature shows the influence of a certain literary period and individual folk literatures on the global literary process. Literary critics note that translated works are a separate aspect of the study, since the “plot-motive repertoire” of literature develops primarily due to translated works. The collection “One Thousand and One Nights” is recognized as one of the best examples of world literature. He entered the spiritual life, folklore and written literature of many peoples. “Tales of Scheherazade” is the most beautiful and highly artistic work among the remarkable monuments of oral literature. The life of the people is always reflected in its folklore. That is why the tale is a rich material for ethnocultural research. It will identify the main concepts of the national image of the world and track its changes. The tale is one of the traditions and genres that for many centuries have not lost their significance for world art culture. Subjects, motifs, images from folklore fairy tales are transmitted from generation to generation, play the role of carriers of cultural values and norms adopted in society. “A Thousand and One Nights” is a work that has become a phenomenon of mass culture in the fairy tale genre. There are many subjects and motives of this collection in world literature, Kazakh literature is no exception. The article examines the origin, distribution around the world, the influence on world literature of the book “One Thousand and One Nights”, which became a medieval Arabic encyclopedia, including the poetic transformation of the motives of this collection in Kazakh literature of the XIX–XX centuries. In addition, various variants of dastan SeifulmalikBadigulzhamal” from “One Thousand and One Nights” were investigated by a comparative analytical method.

Tarihi Kubbeli Yapıların Çekme Bölgelerinde Karbon Fiber Takviyeli Polimer ve Cam Fiber Takviyeli Polimer Kullanılarak Güçlendirme Yönteminin Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi: Edirnekapı Mihrimah Sultan Camii Kubbesi

Historic buildings are remarkable monuments that carry cultural traces and heritage from the past to the present and from the present to the past in terms of historical sustainability. These assets worthy of preservation should be restored and strengthened under certain intervention criteria for the continuity of cultural accumulation. Although historical masonry buildings exhibit a very rigid performance under vertical loads, their tensile strength against lateral loads such as seismic forces created by earthquakes is low. Domes, an important architectural element of masonry buildings, are likely to be damaged under the influence of seismic forces. The retrofitting analyses were performed with CFRP and GFRP in the dome tensile zones and readings were made on the Modulus of Elasticity. Since Edirnekapı Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is a structure sensitive to seismic force due to its location and the earthquakes experienced by the structure, it was deemed suitable for finite element model analysis.

A Digital Approach to Revisiting the Byzantine Past of Al-Madrassa Al-Halawiyya in Aleppo

The architectural complex of the al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya in Aleppo, Syria, remains one of the most remarkable monuments in the centuries-old city. First founded as the Church of St. Helen in the 6th century to serve as the Cathedral of Byzantine Aleppo, the structure preserves evidence of a complicated building history. For example, the Cathedral was converted into a mosque in 1124; later, parts of the church were integrated into a Madrassa. More recently, damage to the structure due to the war revealed information about Byzantine building methods. This research revisits the building history of the monument by relying on a parametric, Building Information Modelling (BIM) representation to compare the surviving structure with earlier reconstructions. This article addresses the following: (1) A survey of the building's history, topography, and architecture: Over the centuries, al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya has attracted Medieval monks, travellers, brigands, scholars, and more. Their accounts offer exciting opportunities to contextualise structural and functional changes to the complex. (2) An analysis of the historical structure, especially from the Byzantine period: The presented three-dimensional (3D) documentation of the site focused on historical transformations, which the authors then traced and compared by means of BIM to reconstructions proposed by Samuel Guyer (1911) and Michel Écochard (1950). This research demonstrates how a hybrid methodology can be used to establish building phases for comparison with historical and scholarly accounts, revealing new knowledge about building techniques and processes. The presented work started with a field survey of the monument, which was used to generate a hybrid 3D point cloud. Using the point cloud, the Byzantine church was virtually reconstructed and several construction phases were identified. At the same time, Heritage-BIM models were created based on the work of Guyer and Écochard. Finally, the Guyer and Écochard models were compared with the proposed Byzantine reconstruction and point cloud.

Війна як повсякденність у „Відлунні світу” Саломеї Русєцької де Пільштин

The memoirs of Salomea Regina Pilsztyn née Rusiecka can be called a Baroque novel and, at the same time, is a remarkable monument of Belarusian and Polish literature. The work is a vivid manifestation of the self-identification of the author, who not only tries to see her life path in the context of her contemporary era but also records the memories of her life, recording the movements and experiences of her own soul. Here, the memoir genre gradually begins to dissolve in the narrative strategies of a prose work. War should be considered in memoirs as an artistic image and a phenomenon of everyday life. The discourse and historiosophy of the image of war as a history of everyday life in the memoirs of Salomea Rusiecka become the heart of his narrative strategies. War is one of the most important artistic concepts of this work. The poetics of the image of war in the text is based on a realistic presentation of events and details. War, captivity and death, blood, and suffering in the memoirs of Rusietska de Pilschtyn appear as indispensable and integral details of the history of everyday life of people and peoples of the Baroque era. The author of the memoirs created a memorable image of the war of the Baroque period giving remarkable evidence of the birth of her objectification: the narrator presents herself as a direct participant in the war events – both as a witness of particular historical processes and as involved in the space of war through her personal reflection.

A Less Known Monument: The Church of Saints Elijah, Enoch, and John the Theologian of the Dragomirna Monastery (Suceava County).

The Church of Saints Enoch, Elijah, and John the Theologian (1602) is part of the Dragomirna Monastery complex, being one of the most remarkable monuments built on the territory of medieval Moldavia. Much better known is the church of The Descent of the Holy Spirit, that stands out for its unique architecture, in which its height and stone lacing make it unique in the Moldavian architectural landscape. Located outside the fortified enclosure, the small church situated in the monastery cemetery has remained little known, although it is linked to the beginnings of the building of the monastic complex.

Implementation and coloration technology of Stucco formations in Baron palace.

Implementation and coloration technology of Stucco formations in Baron palace.

Idear y hacer en el dibujo de arquitectura de Antonio Flórez Urdapilleta (1879-1941)

<p>El nombre de Antonio Flórez nos llega hoy con pertinente valor. En las dos vertientes de su quehacer como arquitecto, las construcciones escolares y la intervención en notables conjuntos patrimoniales, el dibujo desempeñó un destacado papel, cuyo alcance abordamos en este escrito.</p><p>Al interés de sus dibujos profesionales, coherentes con la idea de arquitectura que proponía, hay que añadir el valor plástico de su acción gráfica. Si en Flórez encontramos siempre el <em>dibujar del arquitecto</em> —pensamiento y acción—, se da también en él el hacer del artista (figura a la que siempre se sintió próximo y cuya formación entendía arraigada con la del arquitecto).</p><p>Aun dentro de su singularidad y de su habilidad en el dibujo y la acuarela, Flórez es claro testimonio de lo que la práctica del dibujo representó en los arquitectos formados en la Escuela de Madrid en las primeras décadas del siglo XX.</p>

Salt crystallization dynamics in indoor environments: Stone weathering in the Muñoz Chapel of the Cathedral of Santa María (Cuenca, central Spain)

Abstract The cathedral of Santa Maria, where the Munoz Chapel is located, is the most remarkable monument of the UNESCO Wold Heritage City of Cuenca (Spain). This emblematic chapel suffers an intense stone weathering by crystallization of a complex mixture of salts including epsomite, hexahydrite, gypsum, chlorides and phosphates. The salt dynamics is controlled by a variable indoor environment with daily and seasonal cyclicality. A methodology combining salt analysis, environmental monitoring and non-destructive stone inspection was adopted in order to understand the salt crystallization dynamics and finally, to design an adapted preventive conservation plan focused on the mitigation of the salt damages. Moreover, new parameters are designed in order to quantify the microenvironmental variability, establishing a new methodology for the analysis of indoor environments. Obtained results reveal that stone weathering is mainly due to: (1) the transformation of both CaSO4 and MgSO4·4H2O into CaSO4·2H2O and MgSO4·6H2O, respectively; and (2) the direct crystallization of MgSO4·6H2O in the porous system. These phases crystallize as efflorescences and as subflorescences, causing granular disintegration, peeling and scaling on the stone. Several preventive measures are finally proposed, being focused on two main objectives: (1) reducing the access of salts and moisture to the monument; and (2) establishing a nonaggressive environment, keeping temperature and relative humidity constants in the range of 15−20 °C and 40–50%, respectively. This proposed climate range is defined in order to avoid both the crystallization of new salts in the porous system of the stone as well as volume changes of the present salts. This study constitutes a pilot project where to test the efficiency of these preventive measures that could be extensive to the whole cathedral complex.

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРИМЕРАХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АНТИЧНЫХ ФОРМ В ГОРОДАХ КУРОРТА КАВКАЗСКИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫЕ ВОДЫ

Abstract. The appearance of the resort towns of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, formed during the 19th - 20th centuries, was determined by remarkable monuments of architecture and landscape architecture, dating back to the traditions and forms of ancient Greece and Rome. Rational, respectable and aesthetic order forms of Classicism determined its wide typological applicability and during the 19th-20th centuries they continued to form significant urban planning and park ensembles. When creating resort facilities, architectural monuments of antiquity are models for studying, repeating and interpreting the methods of organic inclusion in the natural environment. The article examines the importance of ancient forms in the process of formation of the cities of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resort. A full-scale survey of two objects selected for study, typologically and stylistically different, was carried out – the architectural structure of the mud baths in the city of Essentuki and the monument of landscape art – the park's Main Staircase of the sanatorium named after S. Ordzhonikidze. Literary sources were studied, landscape-visual and compositional analysis of objects was carried out. The first object – a mud bath in the city of Essentuki – a medical building, one of the most famous architectural monuments of the city of the eclectic period, was built according to the project of the architect Eugene Shretter. The second object is the famous Main Staircase of the sanatorium named after S. Ordzhonikidze in the city of Kislovodsk, built by the architect – constructivist Ivan Leonidov, is an object of cultural heritage of federal significance – a monument of urban planning and architecture. The analysis showed that ancient forms successfully pass the test of time, change of political systems and social conditions, are able to transform plastically and functionally under the influence of stylistic changes and today retain their attractiveness and relevance.

MONUMENTAL SCULPTURE OF KYRGYZSTAN IN 1990-2010

The article deals with the development of the Kyrgyz monumental sculpture in 1990-2010. The high growth of this art form is primarily due to the active creative activity of the outstanding figure of the national artistic culture, sculptor TS. Sadykov, the author of such remarkable monuments as "Fighters of the Revolution". "Manas", "Victory" "El Kutu" ("Lights of the people") and the monument of B. Beyshenaliev and others. Thanks to his indefatigable organizational and social activities, care for the destinies and future of Kyrgyz art in the early 1990s, with the support of the President and the Government of the Republic, a higher educational institution, the National Academy of Arts of the Kyrgyz Republic, was opened for the first time. The works of the master's pupils - S. Azhiev, A. Usukeev, U. Sadykov, T. Mederov - are also considered.

The Telos Reconciliation Dossier (IG XII.4.132): Democracy, Demagogues and Stasis in an Early Hellenistic Polis

AbstractThis article examines the remarkable inscribed monument IG XII.4.132, a dossier of documents dealing with political strife and reconciliation in the small island polis of Telos, as an important new piece of evidence for democracy in the early Hellenistic period. Placing the monument in its historical, geographical and political context, I argue that the background to the strife was most likely the activity of ‘demagogues’ in the courts of democratic Telos. Furthermore, we should view the terms of the reconciliation against the backdrop of issues of community service, publicity and memorialization, all contested political topics in the late Classical and early Hellenistic periods. The dossier shows that the kinds of ‘high politics’ and stasis that affected major poleis could be found also in the small cities of the Greek world, with important local variations. The document sits at a historical crossroads in terms both of judicial practices (including the use of foreign judges) and of constitutional forms (democracy and oligarchy).

Ales Stones in Southern Sweden: A Remarkable Monument of the Sun Cult and Advanced Astronomy in the Bronze Age

Ales Stones is a famous stone ship in southern Sweden. Besides its size (69 m) and location right beside the shore of the Baltic, it is a remarkable monument of the Sun Cult and very advanced knowledge of astronomy by the Bronze Age people. This paper summarizes the findings, and puts it into the context of other monuments in southern Sweden. Also presented are a new time-correction of the sunrise at Winter solstice 700 BC and a remarkable sun-wheel on the Island of Bornholm of astronomical dimensions almost identical to those of the Ales Stones monument: the Madsebakke Sun-wheel. It all provides a congruent picture of intensive Sun Cult activity and close connections between of southeast Sweden and the Island of Bornholm.

THE FATE OF THE MAIN ICONOSTASIS OF THE CHURCH OF THREE HIERARCHS AT THE RED GATE

The article is devoted to the history of rescuing from destruction in the 1920s, during the era of revolutionary transformations in Russia, of a magnificent work of the Old Russian art, six-tiered baroque iconostasis, created by icon-painters of the circle of the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin for the Church of Three Hierarchs at the Red Gate in Moscow in the beginning of the 18th century. The names of the specialists related to preservation of the main iconostasis of the destroyed Church of Three Hierarchs were newly revealed, and the dates of the Church’s closing and demolishing, the iconostasis’ transportation and handover were verified as well, using the results of research work and archival searches, based on the analysis and comparison of numerous archival documents. The main moments of the dramatic struggle for salvation of the Church of Three Hierarchs, the Red Gate and the main iconostasis of the Church are reflected in the article. There is shown how, in the difficult and dangerous conditions of confrontation of the church and the Bolshevik power, the process of transferring of the main treasure of the Church was organized, as well as who and when transported the iconostasis to the Church of St. John the Warrior in Yakimanka Street. The article reviews the selfless work and the heroic deeds of the art historians, architects and restorers, thanks to whose efforts this remarkable monument of carving and painting was saved.

БЕЛГОРОДСКИЕ ГОРОДСКИЕ УСАДЬБЫ XVIII в.

The article deals with the historical aspects of the appearance of a new urban development policy in Russia at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries during the reign of Peter the Great, due to the fact that this era was the turning point in the history of Russian town-planning. In the interests of the state the urban policy was carried out, which was intended to provide the necessary fire-prevention and sanitary measures. The article describes the construction in Belgorod according to a new regular plan in 1768, designed by the architect A.V. Kvasov. It analyzes the architecture of the extant stone-built city manor buildings through the example of the House of merchant Selivanov – a remarkable architectural monument of urban homesteads, having no counterparts in the city, and the House of the noblewoman Rebinina. The compositional aspects of "exemplary" designs for houses in the end of the 18th century are considered.

Новые находки рукописей Гаврилы Басова (конец XVI — первая треть XVII вв.)

Gavrila (Ivan) Basov is one of three brothers -- drawing-artists, who since the 1580-s years had become famous and carried out large orders for the rewriting and decorative design of hand-written books. The author presents in the article discovered by him remarkable monuments of bookishness, connected with name of Gavrila (Ivan) Basov. Among them there are ones, completely executed by the master, and also written together with brothers or only artistically decorated after their writing by other scribes. The author of the article considers the newly discovered Gavrila’s manuscripts created during his work at the Trinity-Sergius monastery, substantiates the attribution of handwriting and decorations to the outstanding master. Studying the artworks of the master in the context of the products of the other drawing-artists shows that he reached the highest level in the art of book ornamentation.

The hoard from the “Cioclovina cu Apă” Cave: content, dating, and significations

This study is dedicated to the general presentation of the content, the dating and the significations of the known hoard from LBA II discovered in the “Cioclovina cu Apă” Cave / “Wet Cioclovina” Cave (Hunedoara county), discovery that constitutes one of the most remarkable monuments from the Romanian prehistory (over 7500 artifacts, most of them made of exotic materials). The association of at least four fundamental natural elements inside the archaeological monument under research here (mountain, forest, cave, and water) sets the initial starting points of the transformation of the monument into a cult place/sanctuary. There must have also been some revelation, some sign etc. The sanctuary inside the “Cioclovina cu Apă” Cave has attracted very rich and varied offerings (bronze items, exotic objects, pottery, antler cheek-pieces, and meat offerings) that were deposited in three consecrated spots in the Great Hall, places under the mark of the «spring of divinity». Starting from the fact that almost all of the offerings are jewelry items worn by women or elements that decorate horse harness, I have considered the idea that a Nymph or a Nymph associated with another deity was venerated here, in both cases in association with horses, as being the closest to the truth. I pleaded in favor of the possible presence of oracular components. Also, from the presented perspectives I considered that the exceptional ritual practices that took place in this cave place it in the sphere of inter-regional collective/institutional cult manifestations, in which the elites, including the female, played a dominant role.

The Bronze Age in SE Sweden Evidence of Long-Distance Travel and Advanced Sun Cult

The Bronze Age of Scandinavia (1750-500 BC) is characterized by the sudden appearance of bronze objects in Scandinavia, the sudden mass appearance of amber in Mycenaean graves, and the beginning of bedrock carvings of huge ships. We take this to indicate that people from the east Mediterranean arrived to Sweden on big ships over the Atlantic, carrying bronze objects from the south, which they traded for amber occurring in SE Sweden in the Ravlunda-Vitemölla–Kivik area. Those visitors left strong cultural imprints as recorded by pictures and objects found in SE Sweden. This seems to indicate that the visits had grown to the establishment of a trading centre. The Bronze Age of Österlen (the SE part of Sweden) is also characterized by a strong Sun cult recorded by stone monuments built to record the annual motions of the Sun, and rock carvings that exhibit strict alignments to the annual motions of the Sun. Ales Stones, dated at about 800 BC, is a remarkable monument in the form of a 67 m long stone-ship. It records the four main solar turning points of the year, the 12 months of the year, each month covering 30 days, except for month 7 which had 35 days (making a full year of 365 days), and the time of the day at 16 points representing 1.5 hour. Ales Stones are built after the same basic geometry as Stonehenge in England.

Modelul iconografic al arcaşului de pe crucea de piatră de la Ruthwell

Abstract Numerous studies and articles have been written about the Anglo-Saxon stone cross of Ruthwell, Scotland (the VIIIth century), analysing very carefully each detail. Be it an analysis from a religious point of view or an artistic one, scientists have tried time and time again to offer us precious information about the famous Paleochristian monument. It is said that this remarkable monument contains the oldest Anglo-Saxon literary text.

KORYKOS'UN (DAĞLIK KİLİKİA) HELLENİSTİK DÖNEMI ÜZERINE GÖZLEMLER

The extensive presence of architectural remains of the Hellenistic Period that are to be seen in the urban centre ofKorykos, along the peripheral slopes of the town, and also within its hinterland are indicative of the density of population and of the intensity of construction activities that took place during the Hellenistic period. Due to the building activities of the later periods and of the subsequent destructive agencies, very little of the Hellenistic arc­hitecture, particularly in the centre of the town has survived up to the present. In spite of the paucity of standing Hellenistic buildings, the polygonal masonry of the fortification walls and towers, the quality of the craftsmans­hip displayed at the tombs, implies that there must have been other remarkable architectural monuments in Kory-kos. The 2nd century BC is marked in the Olba region by the extensive implementation of polygonal masonry in architecture; the fact that there are numerous examples of this style at Korykos, is indicative of the dynamic arc­hitectural built up in the town during that century. Likewise, in the immediate periphery ofKorykos, besides the tombs, there are numerous agricultural installations such as towers, threshing areas and cisterns displaying poly­gonal masonry, evidencing that the town was surrounded by establishments related to agricultural activities.