Relocation Of Facilities Research Articles

The role of fairness in implementing large‐scale change: Employee evaluations of process and outcome in seven facility relocations

AbstractOrganizational transitions may be difficult to implement if employees resist the change. ‘Participation’ and ‘education’ (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1979) are hypothesized to enhance commitment to change, however mechanisms for those effects are unclear. In a sample of employees from seven relocated organizations, a test of our model showed that the effects of justification (a form of education) on intent to remain are mediated by outcome and procedural fairness judgements. Voice (a form of participation) showed no effects on fairness judgments, perhaps because employees did not expect voice in relocation decisions. Supplementary analyses yielded no evidence for direct effects of voice and justification on intention to remain. The findings extend our understanding of fairness to transition settings.

Factors relating to relocation decisions of research and development employees

The present study investigated factors related to relocation decisions of employees of a research and development laboratory who, faced with a facility relocation, either relocated from the northeast to the southwest or lost their current jobs. We extended earlier research by including a wider range of variables than earlier studies and by measuring actual relocation decisions rather than willingness to relocate. Results indicated that employees who had lived a shorter time in the community and had more positive perceptions of the new job's attributes were more likely to relocate. Contrary to expectations, employees with high school age children living at home were more likely to relocate than families without high school age children. The results were compared with findings from earlier studies, and areas for future research were discussed.

Utility Not Responsible for Relocation Costs Necessitated by Private Development

The St. Louis (Mo.) Water Co. provided water to St. Louis County and certain customers in Jefferson County. The company installed certain facilities such as water mains, distribution piping, valves, and fire hydrants in publicly owned rights‐of‐way. The Home Builders Association of Greater St. Louis and five developers sought to determine whether each developer or the water company must bear the cost of relocating when a particular developer's project required that water facilities be moved. The trial court ruled in favor of the water company. The appellate court said that the actions of private developers constructing their own projects not the actions of a government entity, caused the need for the right‐of‐way improvements and necessitated water facility relocations.

On the synthesis of advertising and relocation decisions for a facility

Demand to a typical service industry facility is known to be sensitive to the number of advertisement dollars spent in promoting the business at the facility, as well as being sensitive to the distance of the facility from potential customers. The dynamic nature of demand may lead the company to consider investing money in both relocation and promotion so as to enhance business. We analyze a relocation promotion model so as to capture these two objectives while assuming that the company is operating under a budget constraint. Exponential decay of demand with distance, and a decreasing marginal return on advertisement dollars in promoting demand is utilized. Polygonal, planar regions for facility relocation, together with a region specific fixed charge is assumed. A Manhattan travel metric is used for distance calculations. Properties of the model are developed, and a globally convergent algorithm is reported. The results of the paper is illustrated via a simple numerical example. An extension to the case of relocation promotion in the presence of other non-competing facilities is discussed. Finally, the incorporation of barriers to travel and forbidden zones for facility location into the basic model framework are discussed.

The dynamic expansion and relocation of capacitated public facilities: A multi-objective approach

This paper presents an interactive fuzzy goal programming model that will aid the public administrator in determining the dynamic relocation and expansion of capacitated public facilities. Since the general public usually views a public facility as a service institution, the proposed model explicitly considers multiple competing objectives including the service-related qualitative objective. To demonstrate the practicality of the model, the model has been applied to an actual two period expansion and relocation problem of Columbus public library facilities.

Dynamic Municipal Allocation Analysis

Distributional studies of municipal service provision which do not make allowances for population losses and relocation as well as for austerity impacts can make serious inferential errors about intended beneficiaries. In this study, the relocation of fire, police, library, and school facilities are examined in the context of New York City's rapid population change and service retrenchment in the 1960 – 1984 period. The findings demonstrate a continuing spatial disequilibrium of services. Shortages persist in some neighborhoods and underutilization in others as population shifts more rapidly than the services can relocate.

Computer-aided facility location

This article details the capabilities of a computer-aided facility location code utilizing the hyperboloid approximation procedure (HAP), originally written in BASIC and implemented on Tektronix ® hardware. However, it is generic in its approach nd graphics syntax, and has been successfully ported to other micro/minicomputers having graphics capability, and to mainframe computers. The code uses a modified HAP to solve minisum, planar, single- and multifacility location problems. It uses a numerical procedure for construct contour lines. A number of features facilitating sensitivity analyses are, for example, construction of isocost (contour) lines, manual (keyboard-free) placement and evaluation of a new facility location, evaluation of a solution by a cost/distance metric function not necessarily the same as that used in finding the current optimal locations, relocation of facilities to optimal locations after sensitivity analyses, and ease of editing input data.

Debris flows and debris torrents in the Southern Canadian Cordillera

In Canada, debris torrents (also referred to as channelized debris flows) occur in parts of British Columbia, Alberta, and the Yukon. At least 17 deaths and an estimated $100 million of damage to bridges and property can be attributed to this natural hazard. The debris mainly comprises large boulders, rock fragments, gravel- to clay-sized material, tree and wood mulch—materials that accumulate in the mountain creeks. To be susceptible to a debris torrent, a creek must have a drainage area within a critical range, a profile that is sufficiently steep, an accumulation of debris, and some form of triggering mechanism. The most common triggering mechanism is an extreme water discharge, which may result from a very intense rainfall or a temporary damming of the creek. In western Canada, the resulting torrents involve masses of debris, typically less than 50 000 m3, that travel down creeks at speeds between 3 and 12 m/s.Several passive and active forms of mitigation can be used to reduce the impact of debris torrents on creek crossings and neighbouring residents. Passive mitigation methods include avoidance of the area, relocation of structures and facilities, land use restrictions, and some form of warning system. Active mitigation methods include remedial measures to remove or counter the causes, and various forms of designed protection. Constructing check dams near the headwaters of the creek and stabilizing the valley slopes that border the creeks are examples of remedial measures. Constructing debris barriers or clear span bridges with adequate clearance are examples of designed protection.Howe Sound, north of Vancouver, British Columbia, has had a relatively high number of debris torrents. Recently, several major studies have addressed the extent of the hazard and recommended mitigative measures for this area. Many of the examples presented in this paper are drawn from this case history. Key words: debris flows, debris torrents, slope stability, Southern Canadian Cordillera, Howe Sound, geological process, design considerations.

The Multiperiod Location-Allocation Problem with Relocation of Facilities

A dynamic or multiperiod location-allocation formulation is developed from the static problem of locating G facilities among M possible sites to serve N demand points. This dynamic model provides a tool for analyzing tradeoffs among present values of static distribution costs in each period and costs of relocating facilities. The objective is to specify the plan for facility locations and relocations and for attendant allocations of demands which minimize these costs. Two methods of solution are presented. First, a mixed-integer programming approach is used to solve sample problems. From computational results reported for structurally-similar problems, it seems that efficient general purpose codes for this method would be capable of solving problems with at least 5 periods, 5 potential sites, and 15 demand points. The second method, dynamic programming, is capable of increasing the size of problems that are computationally feasible. The dynamic programming approach is quite attractive when the relative values of G and M restrict the state space to a manageable size and constraints on the extent of location changes in each period limit the number of alternate decisions. Possible extensions of the model and solution procedures are discussed.

Railroad Freight Movement–Some New Concepts and Current Plans

There are a number of techniques that have established trends away from the traditional single-car shipment concept. They are: (1) trailer on flatcar; (2) container on flatcar; (3) minitrain; (4) unit train; and (5) volume movement. Several other techniques have established trends toward fewer switching yards in major urban centers. They are: (1) prior classification outside the destination area; (2) run-through trains; (3) consolidation and relocation of rail facilities farther from the city center; and (4) mergers and coordination between roads. As these techniques remove more and more of the large block movements from the switching load, and the volume of single-car shipments drops, it will be more and more difficult to give frequent service to these remaining single-car shipments on the one hand, and maintain train tonnages on the other. This may require more frequent switching or smaller trains.

Policy Implications of the Movement of Blacks out of the Rural South

IN A BROAD CONTEXT, policy generally refers to implicit or explicit national governmental actions, designed specifically to perpetuate or change conditions or which in fact do maintain the status quo or introduce change although designed for neither purpose. Many governmental actions have been directly related to the distribution of our population from early land settlement grants to present day urban renewal and rural development activities. Other governmental actions relating to agriculture, growth and relocation of industries and government facilities, expansion of opportunities for higher education, service in the armed forces, housing, and the widespread construction of a network of transportation systems have had unanticipated impacts on population relocation. Population redistribution brings with it shifts in demands for services. When such changes occur, their impact must be considered by the government in formulating policies; evaluation must be made of existing policies, and their implementation mechanisms reassessed. New programs may need to be devised. Factors which should be taken into account in this deliberative process relate to (1) the numbers involved, (2) the locations affected, (3) the importance of migrants in their parent and home populations, and (4) characteristics of people that predispose them to require specialized services. One development of recent decades which produced shifts in service needs was the heavy movement of blacks out of the rural South. This out-migration effected compositional changes both in the population remaining in rural areas and in the urban populations which the migrants joined. Some of the policy implications of this movement as they relate to service needs are examined in this paper.

Photogrammetric Engineering and Reservoir Planning

By using the precise measuring equipment available through and for Photogrammetric Engineering, a complete reservoir site study may be economically and comprehensively effected in a minimum time. The guidance of the professional in programmetry is essential from the first system design through final accomplishment. Equipment available and applicable are the fine aerial cameras, theodolites electronic distance measuring devices, coordinate measuring stereophotogrammetric equipment, data recording devices, electronic computers, processers, and plotters. Using these tools and the services of trained professionals and technicians in their respective phases of work aerial photographs through interpretation permit drainage area determination, soils typing, geologic land form determination, land use, cover dam site selection topographic mapping, property mapping and evaluation surveys, and subsequent systems design for service facility relocation, irrigation, power generation, flood control and real estate subdivision. The system described is based on property coordinated surveys with points paneled before photography and tied to the state standard system. Coordinates of objects in the photographs may be obtained photogrammetrically and processed with electronic computers. Properly preserved points and records may be readily retrieved for subsequent use.

Relocation of Utility Facilities in Maryland Joint Discussion

This article discusses procedures for establishing a continuing liaison between both private and public utilities and the commission in connection with road projects to be built either with state funds or in connection with federal aid projects. The utility relocation liaison procedure consists of seven major phases: planning meeting; preliminary inspection; design plans conference; final design plan; advertising and contract; construction, and billing. An example is presented of the relocation of utility facilities by the Maryland State Roads Commission. The article is followed with a discussion by Robert J. McLeod on the experience the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC) had with relocating its facilities due to highway construction, and determining responsibility for payment. McLeod comments on the utility facility relocation liaison procedure and notes that it does not differ significantly from what was then in place between the commission and WSSC.

NARUC Resolution on Relocation of Facilities

Journal AWWAVolume 45, Issue 1 p. 46-46 Article NARUC Resolution on Relocation of Facilities First published: 01 January 1953 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1953.tb15948.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue1January 1953Pages 46-46 RelatedInformation