Religious Reasons Research Articles

Religious Reasons and Liberal Legitimacy

Abstract This article addresses the exclusivism–inclusivism debate about religious reasons in law within a justificatory liberal framework. The question of whether religious reasons have justificatory capacity for attaining public justification has increasingly been seen as a matter of how public justification is understood between two rival models: the consensus model being aligned with exclusivism, the convergence model with inclusivism. More recently, however, that alignment has been challenged with attempts to show that consensus can reach an equivalent degree of inclusivism as convergence. Against this, I contend that the purported equivalence is misplaced. First, I identify a crucial ambiguity about public justification and two corresponding domains. Upon demonstrating these to be mutually independent and severable, I conclude that the moves to equalize the models are confined within the more narrow domain while, in the more fundamental domain, the choice of model continues to prove determinative as to the exclusivist or inclusivist valence of justificatory liberalism.

A Sociolinguistic Study of Personal Names in Balochi Culture

This paper focuses on the personal names of Balochi culture and regards naming practices as an important aspect of the Baloch culture. Personal names are studied in this paper within the perspective of linguistics anthropology. In this paper, the focus of the study is limited to the names of people living in district Kech of Balochistan province. It is hypothesized that Personal names of Balochi culture are not arbitrary labels, but they have sociocultural tags, functions, and meanings. The date to complete requirement of the objectives have been collected through the voter list and some personal names were obtained from the primary and secondary schools of different cities of district Kech. The qualitative method has been used for analyzing the concerned data. They borrow personal names from different cultures due to religious, political, and ideological reasons however, they have always clothed them in the garments of their national ideology. On this purpose the paper discusses the typology of Balochi names including the names taken from the names of days and months, plants and tree, and circumstantial names. It also discusses about compounding naming practices of Balochi culture which are derived from the combination of two single units of words in Balochi language. The Balochi personal names through classifications and categorization show that the choices of Balochi personal names are based on social and cultural considerations. It was observed in the typology of personal names in Balochi culture which shows that how social belief and cultural practices influence the choices or selections of personal names.

From “we want to destroy the regime” to “we want to destroy the world order”: Russian multipolarity and the enlistment of the post-Arab spring dār al-Islām

The Arab Spring produced new optimism in the Middle East regarding the possibility of democracy at the heart of the Muslim world. However, as the years passed, such optimism abated, leaving bitterness and cynicism in its wake. During the Arab Spring, Vladimir Putin watched in horror as numerous ?strong men? lost power, or nearly lost power, including his ally, Bashar al-Assad. Determined not to allow what he saw as the West?s meddling in the Middle East provide a template for his own removal from power, Putin embarked on an anti-Western campaign to create a ?multipolar world,? one that would liberate the strong men rulers from the demands of the ?rules-based order,? i.e., the ?unipolar world.? Key to the success of this campaign was the fostering of an alliance between the Russkii Mir (Russian World) and the d?r al-Isl?m (Abode of Islam). Together with other parts of the world, such a coalition would resist the collective power of the Western world and attempt to bring about global conditions wherein ?traditional? peoples can express their cultural, political, and economic particularities without being subject to the corrosive influence of the West. Key to this anti-Occident ideology is the far-right Russian philosopher, Alexander Dugin, and his neo-Eurasianist ideology. This essay explores how Dugin?s ?reactionary modernist? ideology contributes to the struggles against the unipolar world, while at the same time arguing that his philosophy will most likely not be successful within the d?r al-Isl?m for a variety of political, social, and religious reasons. If the promises of the Arab Spring are ever to come to fruition, this article argues, it will not be through a palingenetic Russia led by Putin.

Non-granulomatous Morbihan disease: a case report

Background: Morbihan disease (MD) is a rare dermatological condition, which is characterized by rosaceous lymphedema or erythematous edema of the middle and upper thirds of the face. To date, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of MD remains unclear. Although MD is considered a late-stage manifestation of rosacea, it has been reported to exist as an initial presentation, in the absence of other features of rosacea. Case Presentation: A 27-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism, presented with a chronic solid, persistent, facial swelling for 4 years without rosacea symptoms. The patient wore a face cover for religious and social reasons, and therefore her face was not exposed to direct sunlight. Based on the clinical findings, a preemptive diagnosis of MD was established, and the patient was started on oral Isotretinoin with significant improvement. Histopathology of the left cheek revealed perifollicular lymphocyte and histocyte infiltration and mild dermal fibrosis; no granuloma or malignancy was found. After 36 months of treatment, there was an overall 65%-70% improvement since the initial visit and the patient was pleased with her results. Conclusion: In contrast to published reports, the formation of epithelioid cell granuloma as well as mast cell infiltration were not observed in presented case. The diverse histopathological features of MD are most likely attributed to its varying underlying inflammatory triggers. The presence of MD without rosacea features supports the argument that MD represents a separate disease process.

Social Morality and Absolute Morality within The Framework of Bergsonian Metaphysical Vitalism

Social moral obligation, its automatism and false faces, declarative and regulatory laws, the individual and social ego, collective solidarity and the pulsation of creative emotion, intelligent and instinctual society, open and closed social dynamics, Divinity as a transcendent religious reference point and Reason as the limit of moral-philosophical endeavors - all these concepts and themes are just a few of the major subjects that crystallize Bergsonian vitalism's conception, a conception that cannot be identified with religious forms of metaphysical approach but clearly approaches the scenario of thought and experience proposed by these forms. This text attempts to capture such a similarity and dialectical interplay between the concepts evoked above.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN LOCAL MANAGEMENT

Every year, people travel to places considered holy for spiritual and religious purposes. When it comes to spirituality and religion, everyone has their own beliefs and faith, so the pilgrimage to find the higher things that can bring comfort the for our souls. This is how pilgrimage happens, everyone follows the same path to find what this can bring to you, and you feel a sense of accomplishment at the end of the walk. Pilgrimages are phenomena of expression. In the past, they had an influence on the historical development of people. Pilgrimages also provide a meeting of people where it is possible to exchange culture, experiences and knowledge about the importance of making some sacrifice in favor of our beliefs. Here we are talking about the importance ofthe Arbaeen pilgrimage in Iran where every year millions of people from around the world travel mosques and the country's famous religious temples. The country is also known for having historic sites that have become World Heritage Sites. Iran is an ancient country that also attracts tourists not only for religious purposes, but also to visit historical sites. Religious tourism, can be understood as an activity developed by people who travel for religious reasons or to participate in activities of religious significance, being important in the religious, cultural, historical aspects and for the economic and social development. However, it can also cause some inconvenience when there is no control at the tourism site, that is, control with regard to accommodation, safety, health, control over the waste left at the site, as well as local transportation. Thus it is important to know what researchers are researching about the positive and negative points of religious tourism in the context of local management, as well as the positive and negative points. This paper sought to identify the overview of religions in Iran as well as the impact on the local economy from the references presented in the literature for the period 2019 to 2022.

OSMANLI, RUS VE FRANSIZ ARŞIV BELGELERINE GÖRE TÜRKIYE ERMENILERININ BÜYÜK DEVLETLERLE İLIŞKILERI (1891-1918)

Armenians, who were called "Faithful Nation ", remained loyal to the Ottoman Empire until the 19th century. However, when Armenian intellectuals went to Europe, they adopted ideas such as enlightenment, equality and nationalism. They returned home and started propaganda against the Ottoman Empire. Armenian intellectuals pursued the ideal of "Independent Armenia" by emulating the independence of Serbs and Greeks. Armenians were especially encouraged by the signing of the Treaty of Berlin. For the Western powers, Armenians were seen as a useful nation against the Ottomans. France, Britain and Russia had been provoking Armenians since the late 19th century. Some of the imperialist countries supported Armenians for religious reasons and some for political reasons. Although historians such as Taner Akçam claim that the West did not support Armenians, this argument does not reflect the truth. When French, Russian and Ottoman archives are analyzed, it will be revealed that the Western powers seriously supported the Armenians. The aim of this study is to emphasize the political dimension of the Armenian question based on archival documents, as this issue has become a material issue in the political arena today. The aim of the study is to reach the reality of the historical Armenian problem based on archival documents. As a matter of fact, while trying to explain this problematic, not only Ottoman archives but also Russian, French and Ottoman archives were used. Where I have described Armenian-British and Armenian-American relations, I have made use of the Ottoman Documents published by the Prime Minister's State Archives. Based on this study, it can be concluded that Armenians organized rallies in Western countries, received financial aid, the West helped in the establishment of volunteer military units, and Armenians were able to make their voices heard through non-governmental organizations. Armenian archives were consulted during this study, but these sources could not be used because Armenians were too skeptical on this subject.

A Study of Tourism Potential in Igatpuri Tahasil of Nashik District

Abstract: The study of this paper aims to study the various religious, Natural and cultural destination of Nashik District. Cultural, Natural tourism destinations (or pilgrim-towns as conventionally known) are special places where urbanization processes are driven by visitor influxes that visit these places for cultural and religious reasons.) Nashik boards of a large number of popular and revered religious cultural venues that are heavily frequented by locals as well as international tourists. Nashik has many religious cultural sites and pilgrimage places for different faiths. For this paper used secondary research methodology has been used for research for data collection, secondary data collected from, the literature the review also government agency data, tourism online news has been collected. This paper emphasizes the emergence of religious tourism in Nashik District and also explored the potential growth and suggested some solutions for development Igatpuri tourism in Nashik

Cytocompatibility of Novel Algae-PLA Membranes For Guided Bone Regeneration At The Level of Types I, III And V Collagen Expression

Statement of the problem: In recent years, the development of innovative and increasingly optimized barrier membranes has focused on marine algae, which as a biopolymer can form a membrane composite together with polylactic acid, thus a combination could show numerous advantages such as antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antiallergic properties. Furthermore, algae can be produced in an ecologically sustainable way and offer an alternative for patients who refuse treatment with bovine or porcine derived membranes due to ethical or religious reasons. Objective: In this study, four different algal membranes were evaluated for their cytocompatibility with cultured human fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Materials & Methods: Mem-Lok® (Collagen Matrix, New Jersey, USA) as a resorbable collagen membrane and ArgonautTM (Botiss Biomaterials, Zossen, Germany) as a native pericardium GBR/GTR membrane served as reference membranes (RMs). As the negative control cells incubated with normal culture medium only were used. In addition to the cell viability and proliferation assays water soluble tetrazolium (WST), MTT and BrdU, a real time semiquantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) was developed to investigate in vitro cytocompatibility at the level of types I, III and V collagen expression. A sandblasted- large grid-acid ached titanium surface (Dentcon® Dental Implant Systems, Ankara, Turkey) served as a positive inactive control group for osteoblastic cytocompatibility. Results: For human osteoblasts, the algal membranes showed very good proliferation levels in WST-1, MTT as well as BrdU, indicating cytocompatibility. Examination of the expression behavior of type I, type III, and type V collagen genes showed no evaluable results. However, the RT-PCR should be repeated with the incorporated optimizations to be able to make a statement regarding the success of bone, skin, and connective tissue regeneration after a possible application of the membrane in maxillofacial injury treatment. Conclusion: The investigated collagen types are essential for a proper healing of defects in both soft and bone tissue, as they have fundamental functions such as stability and structural integrity of the tissues.

Tradisi Tahfizh al-Qur`an Lansia di Pondok Tahfizh Ma’had An-Nur Sungai Tanang Kec. Banuhampu Kab. Agam

This study aims to analyze the response of elderly Qur'an memorizers to the Qur'an memorization activities at Ma'had An-Nur Islamic Boarding School in Agam Regency. The research focuses on the motivation of the elderly participants in engaging in Qur'an memorization, the implementation of Qur'an memorization among the elderly, and the attitude changes experienced by elderly participants after engaging in Qur'an memorization. The research method employed is qualitative with a case study design. Data were collected through observations and in-depth interviews with twelve key informants. The study finds that the motivation of the elderly participants in joining the Qur'an memorization activities at Ma'had An-Nur Islamic Boarding School varies. Some participants are motivated by religious reasons, aiming to draw closer to Allah through Qur'an memorization, while others seek rewards and Allah's pleasure in the afterlife. The implementation of Qur'an memorization among the elderly is carried out using methods that are suitable for the participants' abilities and health conditions. Methods such as "wahdah," "tikrar," "sima'i," and "tasmi'" are employed to facilitate the memorization process. After engaging in the Qur'an memorization activities, the elderly participants undergo positive attitude changes. They feel more serene, peaceful, and harmonious in their daily lives. Inner calmness, harmonious living, and a stronger belief in Allah are the changes experienced within themselves. Some participants exhibit a strong learning attitude, making efforts to improve their deficiencies in Qur'an memorization.

Old Believer mentor Mitrofan Kozlov: a deserter for the salvation of the soul

The article is devoted to the history of the participation of Old Believers in the Great Patriotic War and consecrates the little-studied issue of desertion for religious reasons. The article is based on the materials of field research conductedby the participants of the expedition of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Archeographic Laboratory of the Faculty of History of Lomonosov Moscow State University among the Old Believers-"Bespopovtsy",residents of Kilinsk. The source base was audio records of interviews collected during field research in 2003-2015, focusing on the study of everyday religiosity. The article analyzes the case of Mitrofan Kondratievich Kozlov, a strict mentor of the community of Old Believers-"Bespopovtsy" of the chapel of concord from the Kemerovo region. Mitrofan Kondratievich built his whole life and the life of his family in accordance with his own understanding ofChristian rules and strict prohibitions.

پاکستانی مساجد میں لاؤڈ سپیکر کا استعمال،صوتی آلودگی کے تناظر میں ایک تنقیدی جائزہ

Muslims perform five daily prayers, with Islamic tradition encouraging congregation in mosques. This practice necessitates the use of loudspeakers for the call to prayer (Azan) and the commencement of the congregational prayer (Eqema). However, in contemporary times, the widespread use of loudspeakers in mosques has raised concerns regarding noise pollution, especially in areas where multiple mosques are situated in close proximity. The simultaneous broadcast of Azan from several mosques can create a cacophonous environment, impacting the overall tranquility of the surroundings. In addition to the Azan, loudspeakers are utilized in mosques for various purposes, including the recitation of Naat (poetry praising the Prophet Muhammad) and the recitation of Darood (invocations of blessings upon the Prophet). These activities, while important for religious and cultural reasons, also contribute to the acoustic landscape of the community. This analytical study investigates the use of loudspeakers in Pakistani mosques, with a specific focus on their role in contributing to noise pollution. It examines the potential challenges posed by the concurrent broadcast of Azan and other religious activities from multiple mosques in close proximity. The research aims to assess the impact of this practice on the acoustic environment and the well-being of residents, proposing potential solutions for mitigating noise pollution while respecting religious traditions and practices.

Hearing God speak? Debunking arguments and everyday religious experiences

AbstractAgainst claims that cognitive science of religion undercuts belief in God, many defenders of theistic belief have invoked the Religious Reasons Reply: science cannot undercut belief in God if one has good independent reasons to believe. However, it is unclear whether this response helps salvage the god beliefs of most people. This paper considers four questions: (1) What reasons do Christians have for believing in God? (2) What kinds of beliefs about God can the reasons support? (3) Are the reasons rationalizations? (4) Can cognitive science undercut the reasons? Many Christians invoke everyday religious experiences (EREs)—such as experiences of divine presence, guidance, and communication—as reasons to believe. Unlike another popular reason to believe in God (the appearance of design and beauty in nature), EREs can support beliefs about a relational God who is present to me, who guides my life, and who speaks to me. EREs are not rationalizations since they seem to cause and sustain such beliefs. Nonetheless, EREs like experiences of hearing God speak are problematic reasons to believe. ‘Soft’ voice-hearing experiences are easily undercut. ‘Hard’ experiences of an external, audible voice are probably underpinned by similar cognitive processes as audio-verbal hallucinations.

Critical Analysis of Sunni Theological Schools' Views on Divine Justice from the Perspective of Shahid Motahhari

One of the topics that "Ash'areh, Mu'tazila, and Imamiyyah" have put at the forefront of their discussions for specific religious and historical reasons is divine justice, which means that God acts righteously in the system of creation and legislation. In this article, by using the library method and data analysis, while expressing Shahid Motahhari's point of view on the semantics of the word justice, the point of view of Sunni theological schools in this regard has been analyzed, and the conclusion has been reached that Shahid Motahhari has given four meanings for this word: balance, equality, respect for rights, and respect for entitlements. He, after criticizing the views of the Ash'areh - which favors determinism and necessity and the incompatibility of justice with intrinsic monotheism - and the Mu'tazila - who favors justice and free will - puts forward the Imamiyyah view, which is the principle of justice without damage to verbal and intrinsic monotheism by affirming the free will of man, and considers it a superior view.

Bloodless Treatment of Jehovah’s Witness Patients with Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma

Background/Aims: Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse blood transfusions for religious reasons. Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul has operated a bloodless treatment center since 2000, and a database of bloodless treatment patients has been created. This study aimed to analyze the bloodless treatment outcomes of lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients diagnosed with lymphoma (22 patients) or multiple myeloma (seven patients) who were treated bloodlessly at Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul from 2006 to 2021.Results: The 2-year survival rate for lymphoma patients was 66.6%, with 22.7% dying within 6 months of diagnosis. Those who died early (within 6 months) had a median hemoglobin level of 5.5 g/dL and a median platelet count of 50,142/µL. Dyspnea due to anemia was the most common symptom reported by patients at the end of life. Patients with multiple myeloma had a median survival of 60.3 months and a 2-year survival rate of 57.1%. Although three of the seven multiple myeloma patients were eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation, they were treated with chemotherapy only due to limitations of the bloodless treatment. The drug type and intensity were adjusted due to hematological toxicities in 71.4% of multiple myeloma patients.Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients completed their planned course of chemotherapy and achieved long-term survival. The treatments of some patients were adjusted due to the use of bloodless treatment at the initial chemotherapy session, which affected their response to treatment.

INvestigational Study Into Transplantation of the Uterus (INSITU): a cross-sectional survey among women with uterine factor infertility in the UK assessing background, motivations and suitability

ImportanceThe study summarises the selection prescreen criteria currently used in the UK for a uterus transplant and highlights the number of women who are suitable to proceed.ObjectivesTo assess the demographics,...

Survival Ignored? Ethiopian Media’s Framing of the Terror Attack against Ethiopian Christians in Libya

Abstract The paper explores whether Ethiopian media report on the religious reasons behind the terrorist attack against 30 Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church (eotc) followers in Libya in 2015. A framing analysis of newspaper articles reporting on the event reveal that the religious identity of the victims, and the religious justification for the massacre, have been suppressed, and it has been presented as a common, criminal offence, and political act. The government is found to be the dominant framing force creating and shifting public opinion in the reports, while the eotc’s influence is found to be restricted. The state newspaper Addis Zemen shows favoritism towards the government in its framing of the event. The private newspapers are critical of this favoritism. It is found that journalists’ perceiving that secularism means writing articles and news reports that are free of religion, and anti-eotc rhetoric that has been voiced by consecutive governments since the 1970s appear to be contributing factors to this framing negligence.

Falling Out of Love: Divorce of Three Acehnese Ubanan Couples in the Islamic Law Perspective

“The most hated of permissible things to Allāh the Exalted is divorce”—this Prophetic tradition is narrated by AbūDāwūd and Ibn Mājah. Yet divorce is now on the rise in Aceh where Islamic Sharī‘ah is supposedly being implemented; there were 6,823 divorce cases in the province during the first ten months of 2022, with most proposed by young couples. This study examines divorce in mature families aged fifty and above, who have been married for many years in the perspective of Islamic law. We analyze their marriage and the nature of their life leading to divorce, the reasons for falling out of love, and the impact of separation on their well-being and on their loved ones. We review the Islamic sources and academic literature about marriage and divorce, the government and media reports for statistics, and we interview three couples along with several of their children in order to obtain insights into their experience. We uncover the complexity surrounding marriage and divorce, as well as religious, social, and personal reasons guiding their action or non-action. The study recommends that governments and religious institutions implement premarital courses as a condition of marriage so that divorce rates can be reduced. Such policies must be accompanied by meaningful and well-funded national government programs to save the institution of marriage and be able to maintain family cohesion in Indonesia.

The Old Rite Orthodox Community at the Lower Danube, between Tradition, Modernity, and Globalization

Written history has recorded communities unique in their origin and structural mode of survival. One such community is that of the Old Russian believers, Staroveri, spread across the globe for religious reasons, like many other faiths, and still retaining their identity. What is the state of preservation of this identity, how long will it survive over time, and in what geographical area - these are all general questions. These questions, when put into concrete terms in Romania, are the object of investigation and meditation for what we imagine the old believers to be. However, we must be realistic and note that beyond the conservative spirit of the founding fathers of the community, there is a spirit of the times that erodes the principles of the founders. We will try to highlight some of the coordinates that have marked the evolution of a theocratic community in the two historical paradigms known to human society, at the crossroads of which we now find ourselves: the ethnocratic one, exhausted, with the prospect of dissolution, and the technocratic one, in full swing and in the process of establishing a new way of life. We are looking at the national community paradigm and the globalization paradigm.

The view of the three monotheistic religions toward xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation, transplanting animal organs into humans, may offer a solution to the shortage of organs for transplantation. This would increase the chances for scheduled, elective transplantation, even for patients currently ineligible for receiving a human organ. However, xenotransplantation raises specific ethical and philosophical issues, that is, a personal identification of the body parts with the soul and spirit, the relationships between humans and animals, and challenges related to issues of medical and social ethics. The three monotheistic religions have laws and perspectives pertaining to xenotransplantation. This scholarly review examines the theology and viewpoints of the three monotheistic religions and their concerns regarding xenotransplantation (interspecies) in terms of religious-legal rulings, the ethical considerations related to the procedure, through religious scriptures and rulings of scholars of the three faith communities. This review should be viewed as a continuation of an extensive investigation of these issues, as the field of transplantation advances toward clinical trials. It was found that there are no fundamental religious reasons presented by any of the three religions to prohibit the use of animal organs as a means of treating severe and life-threatening conditions. However, there are certain limitations prescribed by each religion relating to the treatment of the animals and the choice of organs to be transplanted.