Religious Perception Research Articles

PERCEPTION OF DEATH IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH POETRY

This research is a determined attempt to reveal the perception of DEATH in contemporary English poetry. It has been a focal point of lengthy discussions and numerous reflections, as DEATH is a universal experience that everybody regardless of nationality, gender and marital status, religious and political views will go through one day. All people are mortal by nature, but the idea of what happens after death to some extent depends on the culture or religion they belong to. Thus, the religious perception of DEATH as a stage of transformation that puts an end to earthly suffering and paves the way for an everlasting, abundant life in Heaven can be traced in modern English poetry. It helps people embrace their own mortality, make peace with the fluidity of time and inevitability of DEATH. Another finding shows that DEATH is often depicted as the end of the journey, the awareness of which, on the one hand, fills life with meaning and motivates people to act on their dreams, but on the other, causes deep regrets about missed opportunities and wasted time. There is no distinct fear of DEATH in the studied poetry, but rather the feeling of immense sadness over something the person hasn’t done or can’t change.

Self Help Groups Members’ Religious Perception and their Relationship between Financial Literacy and Repayment Intention towards Loan: Considerable Focus on Himachal Pradesh (H.P)

The intent of this study is to create a comprehensive model that can identify various factors and examine the impact of financial literacy on loan repayment intentions among members of SHGs in Himachal Pradesh. A conceptual model has been put forward and its validity has been confirmed. In addition to this, a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 372 were considered usable. The stability of the proposed model and the testing of research hypotheses were conducted using structural equation modelling. The findings indicate that financial awareness and financial skills are strong predictors of loan repayment intention among SHG members. On the other hand, financial knowledge and financial skills have a relatively weak influence on loan repayment intentions. The results and observations from the interaction with responders indicate that there is a moderate level of importance placed on financial literacy among members of SHGs. An important factor in reducing the rate of outstanding loans in SHGs is the need for members to enhance their financial understanding.

Religious Attitudes Towards Ethical Problems in the Greenhouse Vegetable Cultivation in Türkiye

The main purpose of this study is to determine the level of influence of religious sensitivity regarding the ethical problems of greenhouse vegetable cultivation and to investigate the possibility of religious contribution to the solution of ethical problems arising on the ground of greenhouse cultivation. Religious sensitivities of greenhouse vegetable growers, where physical conditions are controlled and industrial production is dominant, were analyzed through main categories such as daily life and religion, pesticides and health, genetics and nature. The study aims to provide a background reading of specific moral issues in the context of religious sensitivity analysis.
 The data were collected by means of questionnaires arranged in accordance with the purpose, by interviewing 430 producers growing vegetables in greenhouses within the borders of Antalya province located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. An index was created to analyze the religious mentality of greenhouse vegetable growers and to show their religious sensitivity levels in solving ethical problems. The characteristics of the producers, their attitudes and behaviors in the production process are known as the factors that affect the religious sensitivity towards the ethical problems of greenhouse vegetable cultivation. These factors were tested with a multiple linear regression model whose dependent variable was the religious sensitivity index.
 Producers who think that they are praying while doing their work in the greenhouse vegetable production process and quit their job to perform the Friday Prayer have been found to be more religiously sensitive to ethical issues than other producers. Religion was found to be important in the daily lives of the producers and it was stated that religion affected behaviors on the basis of mentality. The level of religious sensitivity was determined to be quite high, that a mistake they made in greenhouse vegetable growing activities would be punished not only in the hereafter but also in this world. This situation shows that in order to overcome the ethical problems in greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the strategies to be followed should be considered within the religious framework. In the linear regression model, it can be said that the producers with high school and undergraduate education levels have higher religious sensitivity to the ethical problems of greenhouse vegetable cultivation compared to the producers with primary education level. Certain experiences of greenhouse vegetable growers may be linked to their general religious attitudes. In this respect, it can be said that the religious sensitivity of the producers, who have been doing greenhouse cultivation for a long time, towards ethical problems is more important than the less experienced ones.
 The religious sensitivity index for greenhouse vegetable cultivation is the first in the literature. The religious sensitivity index, whose relationships are analyzed in the form of daily life and religious perception, genetics and nature, greenhouse vegetable production and the hereafter, chemical spraying and health, non-compliance with the spraying time and seeing the return in life, moral consistency and market conditions, seems to have the potential to guide further studies.

Gender Construct for Sustainable Development in Pakistan: Evaluating Alignment of Education System with the Religious Ideology

Gender construct plays a role in activating or deactivating gender equality in society, which is an essential factor for sustainable development. An education system is a primary source of building and mainstreaming social values, especially gender constructs, and Pakistan’s education system aims to provide equal access and un-discriminatory education to both boys and girls, aligned with religious ideology. The current research evaluates the alignment between the gender construct informed by religion in the education system of Pakistan and the gender construct informed by the local religious perception. To achieve this purpose, this research captures the perceptions of local experts on gender constructs, guided by the education system and underlining religious (Islamic) ideology via semi-structured interviews. The research identifies that the obsolete interpretation of religion, aligned with the local interpretation, guides biased gender constructs through the education system. The current research has identified the leverage points to transform the current education system of Pakistan into a sustainable education system by promoting religiously acceptable gender-inclusive education.

Pious Women Challenge Arrangements Anchored in the Dominancy of the Religious Discourse: Druze Women in Israel as a Case Study

This qualitative study examines how the agency of religious Druze women in Israel affects professional identity and religious affiliation and how these, in turn, shape the gender religious perception in their community, especially in the fields of education and employment. Through semi-structured interviews with twenty women, the study identifies the factors that promote or inhibit the increasing legitimacy in community religious discourse for the integration of religious women in higher education and quality employment. The main finding of the study is that religious, professionally educated Druze women in Israel direct their agency to a complex and challenging interaction with the modern world. By doing so, these women challenge the boundaries of their ultra-religious community, thereby expanding them. The findings show that educated religious Druze women in Israel reject the binary division between “conservative religious” and “modern” and replace it with different definitions of what is considered religious, conservative, and modern. One of the main insights that emerged from the study is that the women are able to act autonomously to make their choices, acquire education, integrate into the poor local labor market in professional positions, accumulate economic and social resources through their professional and religious status, and negotiate their status in the religious community.

Is Is IT Revolution and Digitalization a Curse? A Comprehensive Model of Turnover Intention in the Private Banking Sector of Pakistan

Digitalization decreases job satisfaction by increasing pressure, fear of job loss, and deteriorating work-life balance. The study investigates the nexus of customer incivility, workplace incivility, employee religious perception, digitalization, HRM practices, and employee turnover intention in the presence of practical commitment as a mediator and servant leadership as a moderator. Further, the current study also examines the relationship between practical commitment and employee turnover intention. Data was collected through a self-administrator questionnaire from frontline employees of private banks in Punjab, Pakistan. Data analysis was done through SPSS and PLS software. The current study results have revealed that WPI, CI, ERP, DEG, and HRM practices are significantly associated with employees’ job attitudes, such as EC and TI. Further, Effective commitment positively mediates relationships. Moreover, servant leadership successfully moderates the relationship between EC and TI. In light of the above results, the current study recommended that WPI, CI, ERP, DEG, and HRM practices are significant factors for the future success of the service sector in developing countries like Pakistan. The current study contributes to the literature on Change, IT revolution, digitalization, and its adverse effects through the lens of resource conservation theory to explain the phenomena of turnover intention framework, which is the uniqueness of the current study.

Cultured meat in cellular agriculture: Advantages, applications and challenges

The concept behind cellular agriculture is to produce new meat and plant product with almost little or zero meat or plant input by using their tissue or cell. It is a new approach that allows meat to be produced in a bioreactor rather than from farm animals. This concept also can be used by biotechnologists to make meat or skeletal tissue outside of an organism. The purpose of this paper is to review the types of production of cultured meat, potential benefits, and potential challenges in producing cultured meat. Two types of cultured meat production are highlighted in this review, as well as the reduction of environmental burden in food production, nutritional value, and animal welfare, as well as technical and ethical limitations in cultured meat production, public perception, and consumer acceptance of cultured meat. As a result, the concerns regarding the food supply in the face of expanding population and climate change have prompted more research on the importance of cultured meat. Cultured meat can be produced in several ways, and each has the potential to contribute to agricultural technology in ensuring food security, nutritional and hygienic requirements, and reduction of carbon. Cultured meat is a vital source of nutrition, particularly in developing nations where hunger is an issue. This review paper will assist researchers in identifying relevant information about cultured meat and the various perspective including religious perception in consuming and accepting this cultured meat.

Educate the child according to his own way: a Jewish ultra-orthodox version of independent self-construal

ABSTRACT The concept of Thirdspace was employed to explore the interface of Haredi religious perception and contemporary psychological notions, focusing on male Haredi (Jewish ultra-Orthodox) kindergarten teachers’ perceptions of self. A two years ethnographic study was conducted, based on interactions with 90 male kindergarten teachers and 13 in-depth interviews in a Haredi Enrichment Centre for kindergarten children in Israel. The findings reveal a local notion of self-construal, including several features of contemporary Western independent self-construal along with Haredi religious perceptions. Together, these encouraged the development of an autonomous individual, capable of independently conducting his life as an adult. Children were perceived as distinct individuals with unique personal attributes whose expression would engender personal success, increase self-esteem, and encourage self-expression – all this in a religious framework that sought to enhance the joy produced by experiencing the religious way of life. This paper additionally discusses limitations and implications for other multicultural educational settings.

Perceptions from the British Pakistani Muslim community towards mental health

ABSTRACT Mental health issues are worldwide, impacting people from all backgrounds, ethnicities, and religious denominations. The current study aims to explore the perceptions of the British Pakistani Muslim community towards mental health and barriers towards seeking treatment. Semi-structured interviews with seven Muslim participants of Pakistani origin (four female) explore how they perceive and understand mental health in the Muslim community. Reflexive thematic analysis identified four themes: (a) culture vs religion, (b) religion as a protective factor, (c) fear of public opinion, and (d) integration of religious and professional services. Participants discussed a negative cultural perception and positive religious perception towards mental health. Services that integrate both a religious and western psychological model to effectively treat mental health issues are suggested. The results indicate towards a tailored framework to tackle mental health and can be used in addressing issues and concerns of the Muslim community concerning mental health.

Globalized Religious Aftershock at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century—the Apapocúava-Guaraní Cataclysm and the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake

The impact of environmental catastrophes and crises on religion and religious discourses in history and modernity has been described frequently and from different perspectives. However, the interpretations and narratives of scriptless civilizations have remained largely unnoticed. Due to the concrete lack of reliable sources of information, those interpretations and narratives can nowadays only be recorded and processed in the scientific discourse in a fragmentary way. Therefore, this article unfolds along the early work of ethnologist and linguist Curt Unckel (1883–1946), who was called Nimuendajú during his lifetime, the thesis that an indigenous group of the Apapocúava-Guaraní tribe in southeastern Brazil correlated the global information dissemination of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake with cosmological narratives of an impending apocalypse, leading to the decline and cultural degeneration of the group. The article thus demonstrates how cosmologies and world perceptions of an indigenous tribe at the dawn of globalization can be reconstructed and how information about catastrophic events from the news was processed with immediate local changes by a scriptless culture on the Brazilian frontier in the early twentieth century. In doing so, this article examines the role of media and communication in globalized modernity and how media literacy influences religious perception.

Лінгвопоетика англомовної версії молитви Анни з Раматаїм-Цофіму, з Єфремових гір

The article presents the presupposition of creating a prayer by a poetess whose name and work are recorded in the Bible. The image of the poetess, the high level of her spiritual world, the uniqueness of world perception, the richness and poetics of speech, the peculiarities of religious ideas have been revealed in the paper. Attention is paid to the gender problem of recognizing the primacy of the poetess in the literature of the ancient people and the problem that forced the poetess to create the prayer. In literary studies, it is believed that the first poet whose name is recorded in the Torah was King David (reigned 1012-972 BC). 150 of his psalms are recorded in the Torah (the Old Testament). However, the analysis of the texts of the Old Testament showed that the first poetess of the ancient Jewish people was Anna, the wife of Elkan from Ramathaim-Zuthite, from the Ephraim mountains. She was the mother of the prophet Samuel, and her prayer of thanks to God for the birth of her son was recorded in the Old Testament. The prayer is a testimony of the impact of gender issues on the fate of women in the ancient world. The probable time of the creation of Anna's prayer – 1143 BC – corresponds to the years of the life of prophet Samuel. It is believed that he was born in 1146 BC. Anna gave him to the temple of Elijah in the town of Shiloh after weaning when he turned 3, as was customary in those days. He became a Nazarene, that is, dedicated to God, and he became a prophet. But comparing the years of Samuel's life with the years of King Saul's life raises many questions about the accuracy of his birth date. The article examines the peculiarities of linguopoetics of the English version of Anna's prayer: semantic antonyms, the use of substantivation, tautology of poetic syntagms, antitheses of metaphors, anepiphora as a special type of rhyme, alliteration, etc. Anepiphora “in the Lord – in the Lord” emphasizes the importance of the image of God and the power of the poetess's religious ideas. The technique of poetic tautology of syntagms is applied: “Those who were – those who were”. Examples of alliteration: there is no one, those who were, she who was, full of food. Examples of substantivation (transition of one part of speech into another one) are studied in the words hungry – hunger. Hunger – is noun, hungry – is adjective. Semantic antonyms: barren – has borne (literally: barren – has given birth). She who was barren has borne seven children. Antitheses of metaphors: He will guard the feet of his saints, But the wicked will be silenced in darkness. The lyrical content of the work reveals the poetess' state of mind, her religious perception of God, the high level of her spiritual world, and is characterized by emotionality. The text of the work shows the uniqueness of the worldview, spiritual and linguistic richness of the poetess. In verse 10 of the prayer, Anna prophesied the coming of the next Lord’s Anointed and expressed her prediction of the Last Judgment in a metaphorical form. In Christianity, Anna of Ramataim- Zuthite is considered a prophetess, her name is mentioned on December 9. Key words: presupposition, gender issues, alliteration, substantivation, metaphor.

Hasan el-Bennâ Düşünceleri Çerçevesinde İslam Siyasi Düşünce Alanında Evrenselcilik ve Milliyetçilik

The modern theoretical ideas of nationalism and universalism came into being as a result of movement that emerged in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. They started to have consequences on the Muslim world, notably in the Middle East, following events such as Arab nationalism, which occurred during and after World War I. Subsequently, this issue is significant as regards the comprehension of modern Islamic thought and nationalism, and the relationship between Islam and the West. However, scholars of the Muslim community were initially opposed to the notion of nationalism, due to its western origin, believing that it would have a negative effect on the ummah in the Islamic world. The supporting the ideology of universalism against the nationalistic movement, intended to prevent the disruption of the state and to prevent the religious perception of Islam being dominated only by Arabs. Hasan al-Banna and other scholars have sought to interpret universalism and nationalism within the framework of Islamic thought. The aim of this article is to discuss the concepts of nationalism and universalism within the framework of political Islamic thought established by Hasan al- Banna’s views. Consequently, nationalism, described by Hasan al-Banna as qawmiyya, has been evaluated to be equivalent to patriotism, which strengthens social relations. Furthermore, Hasan al-Banna’s idea of universalism within the framework of Islamic thought, is based on brotherhood, Al- Bana stated that we are all brothers, racial nationalism is detrimental, and that no one is superior over others.

The Origins of Religious Perception and Its Change in Turkey: A Factual and Conceptional Study Through the Example of Cumhuriyet Newspaper

Din algısı ve değişimi, sosyal bilimler alanında hem müstakil hem de ilişkilendirilerek ele alınan, kökleri geçmişe dayalı ama etkisi hâlâ devam eden bir alandır. Yine, dinamik yapısı itibariyle ancak geçmişe atıfla tam bir bütünlük arz edebilen, öncesi bilinmeden şimdiki hali eksik kalacak bir çalışma sahasıdır. Gazete gibi süreli yayınlar, bizim geçmişte dinin birey ve toplum üzerindeki rolünü, dini söylemler ve bu söylemlerdeki değişimi tespit için elimizdeki en önemli birincil kaynaklardandır. Cumhuriyet gazetesinin özellikle bu dönemi ise; yönetim erkini elinde bulunduranların fikrî yapısını yansıtması, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin din referanslı en önemli sosyal ve siyasî olaylarını -hilafetin ilgası, tevhid-i tedrisât, şer’iyye ve evkâf vekâletinin lağvı, şapka kanunu, harf inkılabı, Türkçe ibadet meselesi ve dinî söylemli isyanlar gibi- kapsaması ve yeni rejimin sözcüsü olması hasebiyle toplu bir bakış açısı sunabilmesi dolayısıyla bu çalışmada esas alınmıştır. Din algısı ve değişimi bu çalışmada, bir gazete bağlamında hem toplumsal hem de bireysel düzlemde incelenmiştir. Gazetenin ideolojik söyleminin yanı sıra içeriğinin katkısı da bu bireysel algı ve değişimini anlamayı kolaylaştırmıştır.

If there is no Religion – L. Kołakowski’s Defence of the Sacred. Part 1

This article is an attempt to present the views of the Polish philosopher on the phenomenon of religion. L. Kołakowski devoted almost all his professional life to the issue of religion. He places the area of religious experiences and beliefs within the framework of transcendentalism, one of the basic and mutually exclusive options: “transcendentalism – empiricism”. Empiricism is the sphere of naturalistic views and contents, and their most radical representatives are empirical sciences and philosophies related to them.
 Kołakowski points out that there is no reason for the naturalistic option to exhaust the cognitive content. However, a philosophical attempt to go beyond naturalism in grasping the Absolute and the self, ends in metaphysical horror. Hence L. Kołakowski points to religious perception as an area that remains non-scientific but this fact does not contradict its value. A special place in L. Kołakowski’s analyses is occupied by the anthropological argument under which the biologisation of human existence is unjustified.

The Concept of Death in John Donne’s Poetry and The Holly Quran: A Comparative Study

This study is a comparative descriptive investigation of the representation of death in the Holy Quran and the poetry of the English poet John Donne. It focuses on the concept of death as a real and ultimate truth. The study considers death as a thematic contemplation that every Man is worried about. Death in the Holy Quran and Donne’s poetry has been previously studied from different individual viewpoints, but none has adopted it comparatively from a thematic perspective. This study also adopts many echelons of the religious themes presented by these works in the treatment of death such as the truth of death, submission and forgiveness, and resurrection in both Islamic and Christian religions. The study signifies the similarities and differences in the discussion and analysis part. It concludes that despite the cultural, religious beliefs, and time and place differences, the Holy Quran and Donne’s poetry share some thematic and religious factors that lead towards religious perception of death including evidences of the reality of death, mortality of people, and the resurrection after death.

Kur'an'da Sınırlayıcı Bir Kayıt İfadesi: Allah’ın İzni

Kur’an, insanların Allah’la, diğer insanlarla ve toplumla ilişkilerini düzenleyen; onların dünya ve ahiret hayatında mutluluğa erişme yollarını onlara sunan pek çok konuya temas etmektedir. Ayetlerde üzerinde durulan meseleler kimi zaman ana hatlarıyla ve genel manada ele alınırken kimi zaman ayrıntılar üzerinde durulmakta, istisnai durumlardan bahsedilmektedir. Farklılık arz eden bu durum Kur’an’ın ana konuları açısından ilgili meselenin önemli olması kadar muhatap insanların iddiaları ve yanlış inançlarının dikkate alınmasıyla da ilgili olabilmektedir. Kur’an’ın temel hedefleriyle alakalı bu durum, meselenin ayetlerde konu edilmesinde etkilidir. Yüce Allah ilahi vahyinde beyan ettiği kimi konularda istisnai durumları ve özel ifadeleri zikretmektedir. Söz konusu ifade içerisinde bazı lafızların öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Bunlardan biri de “izin” ifadesinin Allah’a isnat edilerek zikredilmesidir. Allah Teâla, bazı konularda kendi iznini bir kayıt ifadesi olarak beyan etmekte ve konunun ancak bu sınırlayıcı lafızla birlikte değerlendirilmesini emretmektedir. Sözü edilen bu durum bazen muhatapların yanlış inanç ve tavırlarıyla alakalı olan bir meseleyle ilgili olabilmektedir. Kimi zaman ise sahih dini anlayış konusunda değer verilen bir konuyla alakalı olarak bu lafzın zikredildiği görülmektedir. İlahi vahyin insanlara iletilmesinde peygamberin önemli bir konumda olduğu açıktır. Bu bakımdan peygamberin Allah tarafından gönderildiği konusunda inancın din algısının sağlam zemine oturması açısından önemi büyüktür. Kur’an ayetlerinde peygamberin ancak Allah’ın izniyle gönderildiği üzerinde hassasiyetle durulmaktadır. Allah’ın vahyinin peygambere iletilmesi ve peygamberin seçimiyle ilgili ayetlerde “Allah’ın izni” ifadeleri dikkat çekmektedir. Özellikle muhatapların Hz. Peygamber’den mucize istekleri de ayetlerde konu edilmiştir. Mucize konusunda ancak Allah’ın izninin belirleyici olduğu beyan edilmektedir. Bu bakımdan mucize konusunda esas failin Allah olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Diğer bazı peygamberlerin mucizelerine de atıf yapılarak Allah’ın izni kaydı zikredilmektedir. Dinin muhataplar tarafından kabul edilmesi ve hayata geçirilmesi meselesi Kur’an’da öne çıkan konular arasındadır. Gerek iman gerekse amel boyutunda insanların farklı seçimlerinin olabileceği, bu bakımdan kimsenin zorlanmayacağı hakikatine ayetlerde dikkat çekilmektedir. Sözü edilen bu ayetlerde imana ermenin, dinin gereklerini yerine getirmenin ve böylece gerçek kurtuluş yeri olan cennete ulaşmanın ancak Allah’ın izniyle mümkün olacağı beyan edilmektedir. Kur’an’da helal ve haram hususunda mutlak hüküm verme yetkisinin sadece Allah’a ait olduğu konusunun vurgulandığı bilinmektedir. Bu bakımdan helal ve haram hükmü verilirken bunun Allah’ın iznine dayanması üzerinde durulmaktadır. İnsanların Allah’a şirk koştukları varlıkların kendilerine şefaatçi olacakları şeklindeki batıl inançları da ayetlerde konu edilmektedir. Sözü edilen algının büyük bir yanlış olduğu, Allah’ın şefaat konusundaki izninin belirleyici olduğu beyan edilmektedir. Bu açıdan kıyamet günü mutlak yetkinin sadece Allah’ın olduğu, konuşmanın bile ancak O’nun izin vermesiyle mümkün olacağı beyan edilmektedir. Musibet, zarar ve savaş Allah’ın izin kaydıyla beyan ettiği konular arasındadır. Bir musibet ya da zarar verici durumun ancak Allah’ın izniyle gerçekleşebileceği beyan edilirken Allah’ın yüce iradesi ve kapsayıcı kudretine işaret edilmektedir. Savaşın insanlık tarihi adına karşı konulamaz bir gerçek olduğu ortadadır. Ayetlerde savaşa izin verilmesinden savaşta takip edilecek metoda kadar Allah’ın izninin öne çıkartıldığı görülmektedir. Aynı zamanda Allah’ın izniyle savaştaki dengeleri değiştireceği ve galibiyeti ihsan edeceği beyan edilmektedir. Çalışmada “izin” ifadesinin Allah’a nispet edilerek zikredildiği ayetlerden bahsedilmektedir. Ayetlerde bahsi geçen konulardaki istisnai durumların, Kur’an’ın genel anlam ağı içindeki değerinden ve öneminden söz edilmektedir. “İzin” kelimesinin sahip olduğu anlamlara işaret edilerek tefsir kaynaklarındaki farklı yorumlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. İslam düşünce tarihi içinde değişkenlik gösteren bu yorumların arka planlarından bahsedilmektedir. Kur’an’ın, muhatapların inanç ve algılarını yönlendiren, yanlış ve batıl yollara sapmaktan onları sakındıran, sınırlandıran dil örgüsünün beyan edilmesi bakımından çalışmanın yol gösterici olması umulmaktadır.

Stages Passing of Distress in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Research Study

Introduction: Cancer patients are extremely vulnerable psychologically and may suffer a variety of psychological trauma. This can have a significant impact on their cancer resistance and recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the transition process of crisis in cancer patients, considering the high number of cancer in the country. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative paradigm. In this study, narrative research approach and narrative interview technique was run in order to achieve the transition stages in crisis in cancer patients. During the interview with 14 cancer patients in Gonabad City, theoretical saturation was obtained. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin (1990) comparative analysis. Results: Cancer patients went through 8 stages before accepting death. These stages included Disease shock, denial of disease, concealment, anger, depression, religious perception, acceptance of illness and acceptance of death. Conclusion: Due to the need to know the crisis process in people with cancer and the high number of patients, the results of this study can be used for people with the patients to deal with them properly, as well as for researchers, managers and planners to know more. The needs of cancer patients and evidence-based planning should be used.

Examining the relationship between religious perception and psychological well-being levels of university football players

Background and Study Aim. The relationship between sport and religion is one of the most important research topics of sport psychology recently. In the relevant literature, this relationship mostly focused on sports and Christianity. The present study examines the psychological well-being levels of athletes of the Islamic religion. This study aims to examine the relationship between the religious perception of university football players and their psychological well-being levels.
 Material and Methods. For this purpose, 288 university students attending different universities in Turkey, completed the Religious Orientation Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between variables. Path analysis was applied to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The hypotheses created were tested by the path analysis method using Amos software. Moderator regression analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 program (SPSS Inc. Chicago. II. USA). P-value was set at p<0.05.
 
 Results. According to the findings obtained from the study data, positive and significant relationships were determined between the religious perceptions of the university football players and their psychological well-being (p<0,01).
 Conclusions. In conclusion, it was concluded that the religious perception of the university football players was a significant predictor of their psychological well-being (p<0.01). It can be stated that in Turkish-Islamic culture, similar results to the relationship between Sports and Christianity have been achieved. Since religion is a universal phenomenon, it can be stated that the institution of religion has a special meaning for football players.

Role of faith in strategies of healthcare professionals in intensive care units in end-of-life decision making

Death has always been surrounded by habits in all ages, influenced by cultural and religious differences. Many patients finish their lives at intensive care units where end-of-life decisions are the part of everyday practice in the 21th century. The goal of our study was to assess how the religious beliefs of physicians and nurses affect their decision on therapy restriction. We have performed questionnaire-based enquiries among physicians and nurses working at intensive care units on how religion affects end-of-life decisions. We have analyzed the anonymous questionnaires filled out by 189 physicians and 105 nurses. Our results have confirmed the hypothesis that religion affects decision making about therapy restriction. Patients' admissions were not affected by religious beliefs, but the number of available patient beds influenced the religious physicians more than the atheists ones or the non-responders (<0.0001). Actively religious physicians complied significantly better with the relatives than atheists (p = 0.0002). Religious nurses would continue patient treatment even against the will of relatives more often than atheists if they see a chance for recovery. The study supports that religion influences physicians and nurses in their end-of-life decisions. Decisions on therapy restriction are complex; it is important to find out religious beliefs and perception of death among patients and families because good end-of-life decision cannot be made disregarding religious considerations. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2047-2054.

Understanding African Socio-Cultural Context: Contemporary Challenges to Christian Missions in the 21st Century.

Heuristically, the paper seeks to understand the religious perception of Africans otherwise regarded as the indigenous people and their contact with the missionary message. It adopts a historical, hermeneutical, and critical interpretation of some preconceived ideas about Africans as well as their reactions to the gospel message. It discovers that the introduction of the faith was done with clear intentions; slavery and economic exploitation, prejudices, and hence the demeaning attitude and bastardisation of the rich socio-cultural background of the people. However, the wisdom of the continent paved the way for the accommodation of messages. The paper concludes by recommending the following as some of the way forward: the messenger bearing the message should seek to know the socio-cultural background of African tradition, the Jesus’ attitude of non-condemnation should be adopted as a global standard for all missionary volunteers to present-day Africa in order to put on record the right perspective about the people and lastly, African charismatic which has played a dominant role in the daily lives of the people has been enculturated into the life of the churches in Africa as evidenced in the dance pattern and gospel music, these should be greatly encouraged.