Religious Factors Research Articles

Systematic Review of Parents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Children in Southeast Asia: Work-related Factors

Considering the rising cases of ASD among children, this paper aims to investigate the extent to which work-related factors have been examined in studies conducted on parents of children with ASD within the Southeast Asia (SEA) region. Using the PRISMA framework, a search was conducted on three databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science), yielding 38 studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) focusing on parents of ASD children, (2) conducted in the SEA region, and (3) articles, excluding systematic and meta-analyses. Of the 38 studies, 24 were from Malaysia, 9 from Singapore, 3 from the Philippines, 1 from Indonesia, and 1 from Vietnam. No articles were found for Brunei, Burma, Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Laos and Thailand. The focus, across the 38 studies, was primarily on the effects of the ASD child's therapies and interventions on parents, followed by parenting stress and quality of life (QOL). Employment-related factors were seen in sub-themes of five studies from Malaysia and Singapore. The review showed a limited focus on employment-related concerns amongst working parents with ASD children within the SEA region. The study's limitations include the lack of studies from other SEA countries such as Brunei, Burma, Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor-Leste, Laos, and Thailand. It is suggested that future research should focus on work-related factors for this underrepresented population while considering the roles of individual, gender, cultural, and religious factors.

International Relations in the Conditions of Historical, Political and Religious Transformations in the Qajar State

The presented article examines the religious factor in the domestic policy of Catherine II and the Babid uprising in the socio-political life of the Qajar State. The influence of Russian foreign policy on the South Caucasus is explored; relations between Russia and the Azerbaijani khanates; foreign policy and diplomacy of Agha Mohammed Qajar and the Qajar princes. The historical, political and religious processes in the Qajar State from the late 18th to the mid-19th centuries are analyzed, echoing the modern situation in Iran, both in domestic and foreign policy. An objective study of these problems by an Azerbaijani scientist is a kind of contribution to the scientific thought of the Middle East. The history of the Qajar State in the context of the political interests of the state, interpreted with a religious factor, lifts the veil from the former theological experience of suppression of secular power by religious, which the Qajars had to reckon with in the late Middle Ages. The paradox is that this factor is present in modern Iran, which is why internal unrest occurs, which affects foreign policy relations with secular Azerbaijan, professing Shiism and other cultural countries. More recently, a series of events in the issue of the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict and Iran’s support for Armenia sowed the seeds of hostility between Azerbaijan and Iran. But conceptual logic dictated an orientation towards peace and cooperation, the key factors of which were the strengthening of vector logical and economic ties under the North-South project along the western coast of the Caspian Sea and the launch of the Rasht-Astara railway line.

Түркі халықтарының саяси құндылықтарының жастар санасына әсер

The political values of the Turkic peoples are the result of the evolution of the worldview of the Turkic socie-ty. The political values of the Turkic peoples are based on cultural, social, traditional and religious aspects. The relevance of the study is due to the growing interest of the world community in the Turkic world. It is es-pecially important to study the issues of how the value attitude of young people is formed in a Turkic-speaking society.Turkic youth began to actively influence global trends, and today the need for young people to understand these values plays an important role. Since the issue of the influence of the political values of the Turkic peoples on young people has not been studied enough, we decided to consider the issue of increas-ing opinions about the Turkic values that shape the political worldview among Kazakh youth.The purpose of the article is to determine the ethnic, political, cultural and religious factors of the Turkic worldview that in-fluence the modern political values of Kazakh society.In addition, several factors influencing the consciousness of young people are indicated. The article also discusses that strengthening national identity through the development of democratic ideas and civic engagement makes it possible to reconsider the state’s youth policy. The article provides a comparative analysis of the works of researchers of the political values of the Turkic peoples and presents different points of view.In order to form and develop the political values of the Turkic peoples, the article also describes joint projects implemented in member countries of the Organization of Turkic States (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey). The ultimate goal of these projects is the formation of the ideology of “Unity in language, thinking, work”.That is, the implementation of the project’s objectives is an important step in the formation of the political value of the Turkic people. In conclusion, information about the political values of other Turkic countries is provided, as well as ongoing and planned activities in this direction are described.

SOLIDARITAS PRAKTISI KUDA KEPANG PADA KOMUNITAS JAWA MUSLIM DI KELURAHAN TERJUN KECAMATAN MEDAN MARELAN

This research aims to explore the dynamics of solidarity within the Banyumasan Kencono Krido Budoyo community, particulary among its practitioners, and the factors the contribute to building solidarity within the community. The research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techquines such as observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The gathered and processed data were presented decriptively to draw conclusions. The findings indicate that effective communication, activities beyond the art of “kuda kepang” (a traditional Javanese horse dance), the desire to preserve the art, and religious factors play crucial roles in mainting solidarity. Internal factors such as shared traditions. Common goals, and practitioners enthusiasm, combined with community support and collaboration with other associations, furter strengthen the bonds within the “Paguyuban Banyumasan Kencono Krido Budoyo” horse dance community. All these elements unite preserve unity and solidarity within the society.

Orthodox Islamic institutions and individual income: evidence from Pakistan

Religiosity and income have a multifaceted, complex relationship. Theories have different courses by which religion defines income, positively or negatively. However, religion and income can be influenced by many factors and vary between cultures and religious factions. This study aims to contribute to developing that understanding by focusing on Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim country. In this regard, we examine the impact of affiliation with orthodox Islamic institutions on an individual’s income. This study utilizes data from the Pakistan Social and Living Standard Survey (PSLM) conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, spanning three time cohorts (2010–2011, 2014–2015, and 2019–2020) with sample sizes of 76,546, 78,635, and 195,000 households, respectively. we find that individual income varies significantly positively based on religiosity. Similarly, minority and minority interaction with religiosity significantly positively impact lone income in the studied context. These findings emphasize the need for nuanced understanding and consideration of cultural and religious factors when exploring the dynamics between religiosity and economic outcomes.

SPIRITUAL THEMES AND POETIC STYLE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN YASAWI AND BLAKE’S WORKS

This article is a comparative analysis of the works of AhmedYasawi, a representative of the Kazakh literary tradition, and William Blake, a great poet of the English Romantic school. The study aims to identify common spiritual themes and artistic strategies in the works of these two poets, as well as to search forpossible interrelations in their poetic styles. Both poets address deep spiritual issues such as love, mysticism, and the meaning of human existence. The analysis identifies unique traits and similar motifs in Yasawi and Blake's work, demonstrating how they use artistic techniques to express their philosophical beliefs.The article helpsreaders a deep dive into the world of Yasawi and Blake's poetry, revealing the common themes and symbols that permeate their works. Not only are the texts themselves analyzed, but also the context in which they were created, reflecting the influence of cultural, religious, and philosophical factors on their work.The study intends not only to broaden our understanding of Yasawi's and Blake's poetry, but also to emphasize the universality of the themes addressed by the literature of different cultural traditions. It invites readers to immerse themselves in a world of mysticism, love, and spiritual quest, providing new keys to interpreting the works of these outstanding poets. Methodological approaches such as textual analysis, comparative analysis, semiotic analysis, literary review and critical theory were used throughout the study.The comparative analysis of the works is a relevant study that enriches cultural dialog andreveals the deep spiritual aspects of their works that are relevant to the contemporary global context.The study of these authors works has practical value for a deeper understanding of cultural and spiritual contexts, as well as theoretical value by providing a basis for a broader discussion of the influence of literature on intercultural dialog.

Disposal of Sanitary Pads

The disposal of sanitary pads presents a pressing challenge due to social, cultural, and religious factors hindering menstrual hygiene management. Despite increased awareness efforts, improper disposal practices persist, leading to environmental contamination and health hazards. Sanitary pads, when discarded inappropriately, contribute to the spread of diseases and pollution, with their decomposition releasing microplastics and toxins into the environment. Urgent action, including the adoption of proper disposal methods like incinerators, is essential to address this issue and prevent future repercussions on public health and the environment.

Новый раскол (Украинский кризис и религиозный фактор в контексте перспектив социально-политического развития)

The article is devoted to the role of the religious factor in the context of the socio-political development of modern societies against the background of military-political confrontation. The ongoing processes are analyzed at several levels — national, international, and ecclesiastical. Utilizing the post-secular paradigm, as well as actor and identitarian approaches, the authors examine the religious dimension of the Ukrainian crisis. They draw a particular attention to the situation in the world Orthodox Christianity. The authors reveal the reasons why the main line of cleavage in the modern Christianity formed precisely in its Orthodox segment and was closely intertwined with the largest international political crisis of the first quarter of the 21st century. The article shows that the Ukrainian crisis has a destabilizing effect on the situation in the world Orthodox Christianity, reactivating old conflicts and creating new sources of tension. Having stated that the Ukrainian crisis served as a trigger and catalyst for dynamics in different spheres, covering a significant number of different types of actors, the authors at the same time point out that socio-political development in the context of the religious factor has deeper roots. From their viewpoint, the observed phenomena and processes indicate the formation of new models of interaction between the state, society and church within the framework of post-secular or traditionalist discourse, which in turn is associated with the rapid establishment of a new scientific and technological order. According to the authors’ conclusion, as it already happened many times in history, the religious factor is obtaining key importance in determining the basic features of the new era. The transformation of Modernity into something else, which is taking place before our eyes, does not result in the “elimination” of this factor, but, on the contrary, transforms religious factor into an important component of the formula for a new way of life. The Ukrainian conflict intensifies the search for post-secular models of socio-political development in the Western political areal. At the same time, Russia and the West itself are moving in different ways, since the Russian model is closer to pre-secular practices.

Embryo Donation Law in Iran and Some Challenges in Determining the Rights of Donated Children: A Review

Islamic Republic of Iran has provided a legal framework for embryo transfer so that fertility becomes possible with third party intervention. The use of this method of fertility as well as its effects and rules are subject to cultural, social and religious factors. The brief nature of the embryo donation law indicates the lack of adequate measures for the child’s future. The present study aimed to review the embryo donation law in Iran and some challenges in determining the rights of the child. This study employed a library, descriptive and analytical method and is based on Shia jurisprudence and law books. By using the keywords of “Donation, Alimony, Custody, and Inheritance”, various aspects of the embryo donation law have been investigated. Article 3 of the Embryo Donation Law considers the duties and responsibilities of the couples who donate the embryo and the born child in terms of maintenance, alimony and being mahram[1], similar to the duties and responsibilities of children and parents. However, the important issues of lineage and inheritance are not considered. Neither it elaborates compliance with the principle of confidentiality and the non-identification of the genetic parents, the coercive guardianship of the father, and the prohibition of marriage (being mahram). There is neither enough clarity about the method of evaluating the recipient couple’s moral competence, the limit of the number of gamete donations, alimony, or custody. It is necessary to explain the kinship and genetic inheritance, amend birth certificate registration law, specify the rejection of anonymity to prevent the phenomenon of mixing lineage based on Shia jurisprudence, or to add new materials to this law.

La filosofía latinoamericana y el factor religioso

In this essay, the author explores the topic of religion in the debate on a Latin American philosophy in Augusto Salazar Bondy (1960’s). The arguments focus on religion and philosophy, generally considered opposite, dissociated or overlapping. The question is: How important is the religious factor when thinking about the need for one’s own Latin American philosophy To answer this question, an explanation about philosophy and religion is made. Secondly, religion is analyzed as and innate characteristic or not to human beings, as well as some reflections on the relationship between religion and philosophy through History, and the meaning of Eurocentric thought. Thirdly, what is the significance of the religious factor in Salazar Bondy’s proposal. Fourthly, due to Salazar’s critical analysis of the possibility of an authentic Latin American thought is doubtful, the contributions of Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui on this subject, 40 years before, are considered an example. Finally, the Liberation Theology is explained not like a “philosophy” but like creation of a Latin American thought that took into account “the religious factor” of these communities. At the end, this essay proposes four reflections instead of final conclusions.

Exploring the Connection Between Underdiagnosed Mental Health Issues and Societal Stigma in the UAE

This study examines the impact of cultural, social, and religious factors on underdiagnosed mental health concerns in the United Arab Emirates. A historical synopsis shows how cultural ideas have shaped conceptions of mental health from prehistoric times to the present. Along with diseases like eating disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, and neurodevelopmental disorders, the role that stigma plays in impeding diagnosis and treatment is also examined. The study uses research questions to gain insight into ethnic group experiences in the UAE and the impact of stigma, with the goal of eliminating stigma around mental health and enhancing access to care.

The Role of Religious and Spiritual Factors in Coping with Psychosocial Problems in Refugee Adolescents

Adolescence is a challenging time when individuals experience rapid physical, emotional, and spiritual changes. This period may bring both opportunities and challenges. The situation may become more difficult when adolescents live in difficult circumstances, such as migration. Spending adolescence in refugee circumstances can lead to negative and traumatic situations for adolescents. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychosocial adjustment of refugee adolescents and to determine how they deal with trauma and negative experiences and how they cope with negative situations. This study aimed to understand the extent to which adolescent refugees who struggle with psychosocial problems resort to religious and spiritual methods and what coping styles they implement. Therefore, qualitative research was conducted through semistructured interviews with 50 adolescent refugees aged 11-19 years from different neighborhoods of Istanbul. To ensure the homogeneity of the study, attention was given to the age of the participants and to include both male and female participants. According to the results of the study, the most common psychosocial problems to which refugee adolescents are exposed are witnessing war, death, the loss of loved ones, and being forced to migrate. The participants had issues related to security, basic human needs, health, education, and housing. However, refugee adolescents were likely to use positive coping styles, including praying, reading the Qurʾān, gratitude, patience, and attributing good. The findings show that religious and spiritual factors are important for refugee adolescents’ attempts to cope with psychosocial problems. In addition, positive religious coping styles are significant for posttraumatic growth and development.

Foreign national legislation on combating domestic violence

This article examines the foreign experience of bringing to justice for domestic violence. Domestic violence definitely falls under the violation of a large number of internationally recognized human rights that the State is obliged to defend and protect: the right to life and physical integrity, the right not to be the object of bullying or cruel treatment, inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to equal protection from the law and freedom from discrimination based on gender and others. As we can see, the origins of gender inequality were determined primarily by cultural and religious factors, as well as the peculiarities of the legal system in different countries. As a result, domestic violence has been recognized for granted almost all over the world for a long time and for a long time, and in some sources of social norms it was even recorded in legislative forms.Violence against women and domestic violence can no longer be considered a private matter, and that States must take a firm stand and take measures to prevent violence, protect victims and punish perpetrators. This issue has become extremely relevant at the present time, when the Republic of Kazakhstan is becoming an almost full-fledged participant in global integration processes, supporting the idea of prioritizing the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the legislation of the United States of America, Canada, Germany, Austria and France. It is concluded that the positive foreign experience in the field of prevention of domestic violence, which can be applied in Kazakhstan, should be: the construction and creation of social institutions whose activities are aimed at preventing domestic violence (USA) - the need to introduce a system of support for social initiatives in the field of prevention of domestic violence (USA) - the creation on the basis of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic Kazakhstan Institute for Research on Domestic Violence (Canada); grouping of measures aimed at preventing domestic violence by group affiliation (France); the need to assess the effectiveness of measures applied in the field of prevention of domestic violence (Germany).

One size does not fit all: the personal nature of completed embryo donation.

To assess factors associated with embryo donation among individuals interested in donation in the United States. An invitation to complete the 123-item survey was emailed from June to September 2022 to patients at a private practice fertility clinic with interest in donation at the time of IVF. Survey questions included disposition decision, attitudes about embryo status and genetic relatedness, donation disclosure, ideal donation arrangement, and decision satisfaction. Three hundred thirty-seven completed the survey. Two hundred thirty donated to another person(s), 75 discarded embryos, 25 remained undecided, and disposition was unknown for 7 respondents. There were no demographic differences between groups based on final disposition or use of donor gametes. Few gamete recipients were interested in donation due to biological attachment to embryos. Final embryo disposition was associated with religious factors, not wanting to waste embryos, and storage fee concerns. Final disposition was also significantly associated with concern about donor-conceived children's (DCP) welfare, being denied the ability to complete donation, personal IVF outcomes, financial or legal issues, future contact with DCP, cognitive appraisal of disposition, beliefs about embryos, someone else raising their genetic child, anonymity, and beliefs about DCP not knowing genetic relationships (p < .001). Donation to others was associated with less regret and greater satisfaction with the emotional/medical aspects of donation and counseling compared to those who discarded embryos (p < .001). The decision to donate embryos to another person(s) is complex. Counseling that considers individual circumstances, values, and evolving dynamics may facilitate informed decision-making for those navigating infertility treatment, family building, and embryo disposition.

Abortion as an ethical-religious problem in Islam

The relevance of this article lies in the increasingly active public discussion among Muslims, the challenge posed by the induced termination of pregnancy by Muslims and the problems stemming from it. The increasing calls from Muslims to the spiritual authorities for clarification of this issue in various countries confirm this trend. However, a comprehensive understanding of Islamic attitudes towards induced abortion remains poorly understood. Islamic discourse permeates the entire socio- cultural facet of Muslim society. It is transforming and developing among the communities of modern Muslim countries, matching the dynamics of changes in attitudes on the issue of induced termination of pregnancy from the early Middle Ages to the beginning of the ХХI century inclusive. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to describe and reveal the question about the use of abortion in the Islamic world. In the study specific “introductory” examples from the Muslim world are presented for disclosure given by those. In the course of this study, the topic of abortion as a social and medical phenomenon was briefly studied and covered through the lens of terminology, social, medical, religious and legislative factors. The process of transforming Islamic religious ethics with regard to abortion is briefly outlined. In the sequence since the beginning of Islam and the development of this religious speech in the ХХI century, the prism of the views of the Sunni and Shiitic directions, as well as the 4 Sunni theological schools, in the context of solving the problem of abortion. Examples were provided of legislative solutions to the problem of induced termination of pregnancy in some Muslim countries, Asia Minor, the Middle East, North Africa and Australia. The materials of this article contribute to the study of ethical and religious problems in Islam.

Isbijab – a new centre for the development of Islamic law (XI-XII)

The relevance of this article covers historical, religious, local and diplomatic factors, which reflect the importance of research and the multifaceted nature of Isbijab. The purpose is to study the Isbijab School of fiqh law in the Middle Ages in the context of Islamic law and the history of Kazakhstan. In this work, standard historiographical methods are used: historical-systemic method, historical-comparative method, method of historical periodization and others. The main result is to clarify the role of the fiqh school of Isbijab in the context of studying the history of Islamic law on the territory of modern Kazakhstan and in the region as a whole. The authors also found that Isbijab was one of the centres of Islamic studies and law not only in Kazakhstan but also in the whole of Central Asia in the XI to XII centuries. It was the time when Isbijab developed its legal concept and school of fiqh, the Hanafi madhhab. This school of Islamic law introduced a new generation of legal scholars and their pupils, whose major works and academic degrees paved their way in the historiography. Their experience helped the researchers to study the manuscript works of medieval Isbijab jurists from a historical-legal and theological point of view. The paper shows the findings of an ongoing study of Isbijab legal practitioners in the framework of the "Mukhtasar al-Tahawi" book. Work has practical relevance not only in the context of Islamic studies and Islamic law but also in history, international relations, country knowledge and in other disciplines.

ETHICAL ASPECTS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND MANAGEMENT IN CHINESE BUSINESS

The relevance of the article's topic is that the diversity of national business cultures requires research and consideration of managerial peculiarities in different regions and countries. These peculiarities are determined by historical, religious, climatic and other factors that are formed under the influence of a particular social environment, country or region. Understanding these value systems and cultural differences in the communication behaviour of people from different countries contributes to the efficiency of management, helps to solve problem situations and avoid conflicts during negotiations. The purpose of the study is to examine the cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in Chinese business with a Ukrainian perspective. This includes analysing the main cultural differences between Ukrainians and Chinese, determining the importance of aspects such as language, etiquette, hierarchy and business customs that may affect the effectiveness of communication and management in Chinese business with Ukrainian entrepreneurs. The cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in the Chinese economic environment are a very important topic for research. Recent publications in this area reveal important differences in the way Chinese businesses communicate and manage compared to the West. The concept of “guanxi” is the main principle among Chinese entrepreneurs and requires careful understanding and application. One of the fundamental approaches in the Chinese business environment is to maintain harmonious relationships with partners and customers. This article discusses how successful Chinese companies invest a lot of time and effort in maintaining these mutually beneficial relationships, which helps them succeed in the long run. The role of communication in Chinese business is important. Research shows that closed, non-verbal communication can be very important in the context of Chinese communication and management. The article describes the cross-cultural aspects of communication and management in Chinese business. The article emphasises the importance of understanding cultural differences in business communication and management for successful work in Chinese business. The article analyses the peculiarities of interpersonal relations, communication strategies and approaches to personnel management. The study is aimed at improving the effectiveness of communication in the management system and contributes to the enhancement of intercultural understanding in this context

Freedom of Religion and Non-discrimination Based on Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in Ukraine: Corporate Policy Commitments in Situations of Conflicting Social Expectations

Conflicting social expectations in a particular state affect the interpretation and implementation of international human rights law. Ideological, religious, and legal factors related to the protection of freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and freedom from discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in Ukraine put businesses under social pressure. Businesses thus face a legitimate dilemma whether to follow national social expectations perceiving FoRB and freedom from discrimination based on SOGI as rights in conflict or expectations arising from international human rights law establishing both freedoms as equal and non-clashing. Based on desk research and in-depth interviews with business policymakers the article identifies neutrality, ignoring, and active engagement strategies when providing corporate respect to FoRB and SOGI under the business and human rights framework ‘Protect, Respect, Remedy’ which requires responsible business conduct. The article concludes with the implications each strategy has for resolving presumed clashes between FoRB and SOGI at the community level.

THE INTERSECTION OF RELIGION AND PAKISTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY DECISIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

This research paper outlines a framework for understanding and analyzing the influence of religion on foreign policy in the context of the 'post-secular' shift in internationa l relations. As religion becomes progressively relevant to statecraft and foreign policymaking, its impact varies significantly across various states. The primary aim of this research is to examine the influence of religion on the foreign policy choices of Pakistan and to compare these influenc e s with those affecting India's foreign policy. By exploring these dynamics, the research seeks to uncover the possible implications for Pakistan and to identify how Pakistan can leverage religion as a tool of soft power in its statecraft methods. Furthermore, this study aims to contribute to the broader discourse on the role of religion in global politics, providing insights that could inform diplomatic strategies and international relations theory. Ultimately, the findings could help policymakers understand the nuanced ways in which religious factors shape internationa l interactions and state behavior.

Predicting evolution acceptance among religious students using the predictive factors of evolution acceptance and reconciliation (pFEAR) instrument

Evolution is one of the controversial topics in biology primarily because of the perceived conflict between religion and evolution. Religiosity is one of the biggest predictors of evolution acceptance, i.e., the more religious an individual, the less accepting they are of evolution. Most students in the United States are religious, so how evolution is taught in the classroom is essential for a more inclusive experience. However, educators do not have a way to measure what factors influence students' evolution acceptance. We developed a survey instrument with validity evidence called the "predictive Factors of Evolution Acceptance and Reconciliation" (pFEAR). Using this measure, with data from eight religiously affiliated institutions in the United States, educators can understand how their religious and scientific worldview factors influence their students' views on evolution acceptance. Our study showed that religious influence was the most statistically significant predictor of evolution acceptance among religious students by a factor of 2, when compared to students scientific worldviews and the perceived conflict between science and religion. It also showed that perceived conflict between science and religion and being influenced by science were significant positive predictors of evolution acceptance. Further, this study identifies ways educators can use the pFEAR in the classroom to better understand their student's views and better modify how they approach teaching evolution in their classroom.