Religious Discrimination Research Articles

CONCESSÃO DE DIÁRIAS NO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA: A RESTITUIÇÃO DE DIÁRIA CONCERNENTE A GUARDA SABÁTICA DO SERVIDOR ADVENTISTA

The provision of per diems in public service aims to cover the expenses of employees who travel for work outside their regular location, such as food, lodging, and transportation. However, questions arise when religious beliefs are involved, especially in the case of Seventh-day Adventist employees, who observe the Sabbath as a period of rest, abstaining from labor from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday. This study examines whether Adventist employees, who are away from their regular location during this period, should return the per diems received for these days, even without performing work activities. Although current legislation does not specifically address this issue, the goal is to clarify the purpose of per diems and determine whether there is a valid justification for requiring such reimbursement. Moreover, the study seeks to identify legal arguments that ensure the right to receive the full per diem, fostering an inclusive and respectful work environment free from religious discrimination. With clear guidelines, the government can prevent cases of discrimination and ensure that religious rights are respected, promoting equity in the treatment of all employees.

Exploring college students' risk perception and acceptance intention of facial recognition technology in China

In response to China’s ‘smart campus’ trend, facial recognition technology (FRT) in higher education has evolved from identification to emotion recognition, raising various risks and controversies. Understanding college students’ perceptions is key to addressing these concerns and facilitating AI integration. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to gauge students’ attitudes towards FRT, introducing three new constructs: ‘personal innovativeness,’ ‘trust in the system,’ and ‘perceived risks.’ Results show that students’ personal innovativeness and trust in the system positively relate to their acceptance intention. Trust in FRT is hindered by perceived privacy, psychological, and performance risks, while perceived social risks are insignificant. Higher education shows less resistance to FRT due to normalized campus surveillance. Compared to Western societies, Chinese students’ Confucian cultural stance of ‘harmony but not uniformity’ reduces concerns about racial or religious discrimination from FRT. These findings are crucial for assessing FRT’s necessity and legality in higher education and devising risk mitigation strategies.

Capturing Intersections of Discrimination: Quantitative Analysis of Nursing Students' Experiences.

While prior literature has established that nursing students experience racism, mental health stigma, and ableism within their programs, there is a dearth of knowledge of how students experience discrimination more broadly, across intersecting identities. This analysis draws on Crenshaw's intersectionality theory to conduct an intersectional analysis of cross-sectional survey data of nursing students' experiences of discrimination. Results illustrate that discrimination operates in complex ways across students' social locations, as experiences of intersecting impacts of racism, homophobia/transphobia, mental health stigma, religious discrimination, ableism, and other forms of discrimination. Such experiences further unfold across clinical, classroom, and policy contexts.

OTHERNESS REPRESENTATION: A POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSIS OF TARZAN OF THE APES

This paper investigates the question of representation in Burrough’s Tarzan of the Apes. It probes into the representation of otherness, with focus on the signification of race, religion, and gender. Written against the backdrop of postcolonialism, the paper contends that the construction of the black other, religious discrimination, and female inferiority by western imperialists and patriarchy prefigure persistent domination in the new world order. In this qualitative descriptive study that is based on textual analysis as a research method, the primary data were collected from the novel Tarzan of the Apes. Concerning secondary data, articles and books pertinent to postcolonial studies and popular literature were consulted. It was discovered that blacks are represented as the ‘unorthodox’ religious other embodying evil, darkness, ignorance, and primitive sensualism. Moreover, the black woman is pushed to the periphery and represented as a subject of barbarous polygamy, uncontrolled birth, and toys to satisfy men’s desires. Furthermore, blacks are represented as hairless apes that are incapable of civilization. Finally, we discovered that, the issue of the black other in particular, was not a mistake by imperialists, but a well-planned scheme to concretize all the different forms of domination listed above, including the colonial agenda.

Social identity development and religious discrimination among Muslim American youth.

The present study investigated the development of social identity centrality dimensions (i.e., Muslim, ethnic, and American identity centrality) among Muslim American youth as well as associations between religious discrimination and social identity centrality trajectories. Data were collected once annually from 2015 to 2017 with 220 Muslim American youth (M = 14.20, SD = 0.94) in the Midwest United States (girls = 53.2%; boys = 42.3%; missing = 4.5%). Participants were Arab (62.3%), Somali (15.9%), and African American (8.6%), among other ethnic groups (less than 2%). Latent growth curve models indicated that Muslim and ethnic identity centrality displayed negative trajectories and that American identity centrality increased over time. Surprisingly, religious discrimination was not associated with social identity centrality trajectories. This research suggests that Muslim American youths' minoritized social identities develop similarly, whereas youths' American social identity develops differently than these identities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Representasi Toleransi Beragama Dalam Film “Bidadari Mencari Sayap” Karya Aria Kusumadewa Tahun 2020

Indonesia is a country with religious diversity that can unite or divide. This research aims to analyze the representation of religious tolerance in the 2020 film ‘Bidadari Mencari Sayap’ by Aria Kusumadewa using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The film was chosen because it depicts conflict and tolerance between religious communities, which is still an important issue in Indonesia. This literature research uses the film as the primary data source and books on religious tolerance as secondary sources. Data collection was done through literature study and documentation. Data validity was ensured through increased diligence and the use of references. The results showed four values of religious tolerance in the film: respect, respect, agree in disagreement, and sincerity. The film illustrates the implementation of tolerance in society, such as sharing angpao during the lion dance performance, advice on interfaith marriage, and sincere attitude towards differences in beliefs. The research also reveals that sincerity can solve the problem of intolerance, while religious discrimination can trigger conflict. This research provides insight into the importance of religious tolerance in strengthening the unity of the Indonesian nation. Through film analysis, this research highlights the role of media in learning the values of tolerance and understanding between religious communities.

“I was told that people might hurt me”: Experiences of religious discrimination among Jewish, Christian, and Alevi youth in Turkey

AbstractThis study investigates the experiences of young members of Alevi, Christian, and Jewish religious minorities in Turkey, a secular country with a Sunni Muslim majority. Data was collected through semi structured interviews with 29 participants aged from 17 to 24. A thematic analysis was employed to explore patterns of discrimination and exclusion in their everyday lives. The experiences of Jewish and Christian participants are characterized by ostracism, increased vulnerability to injury, and passing as a member of the majority. Alevi participants report being subjected to intense pressure to become assimilated into majority Sunni practices, as well as frequent exposure to harshly unfavourable stereotypes, and ongoing rejection of Alevi theology as a ‘true’ belief system. The discussion centres on the issue of misrecognition and, particularly, denial of identity, contextualizes the findings into broader dynamics of nation‐state politics, and focuses attention on the agency of minorities and majorities. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research have also been presented. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Exploring cumulative identity-based discrimination, distress, and traumatic exposure among Muslims living in the United States.

Muslims living in the United States (MLUS), a highly heterogeneous group, experience high rates of discrimination that may cumulatively contribute to traumatic stress. This study explored whether identity-based discrimination (i.e., due to religion, gender, race) was individually and cumulatively associated with psychological distress and exposure to trauma among MLUS. Fifty-nine MLUS completed the survey at two time points (~1 year apart). We administered measures of discrimination (at Time 1), distress (at Times 1 and 2), and trauma exposure (at Time 2). Multiple linear regressions determined whether discrimination at Time 1 was associated with traumatic exposure or distress at Time 2, after controlling for covariates. Mediation analyses determined whether the relationship between cumulative discrimination and distress at Time 2 occurred via distress at Time 1. MLUS who reported experiencing both religious and racial discrimination also reported greater exposure to traumatic events, after controlling for covariates. All three forms of identity-based discrimination (religion, race, gender) were individually and cumulatively (i.e., experiencing all three) associated with distress at Time 1, but not Time 2. However, the relationships between cumulative discrimination at Time 1 and distress at Time 2 were mediated by distress at Time 1. U.S.-born Muslims were particularly at risk for experiencing discrimination, distress, and traumatic exposure. Experiences of discrimination may have a cumulative impact on trauma and psychological distress among MLUS. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions that assess MLUS clients' discriminatory experiences to develop a more holistic conceptualization, better support systems, and the most effective approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Social Identity Development and Religious Discrimination Among Muslim American Youth

Supplemental Material for Social Identity Development and Religious Discrimination Among Muslim American Youth

Are there potential costs for humility in a pluralistic democracy?: A longitudinal investigation of immigrants in the New Zealand attitudes and values study.

In this longitudinal study, we examine the potential costs and benefits of humility for well-being and civic trust among immigrants in a pluralistic democracy. With data from 14,864 immigrant participants from a nationwide random sample in New Zealand, we used multilevel modeling to examine the associations of general humility (i.e., honesty-humility modesty) with well-being (life satisfaction and meaning) and civic trust (trust in police) over time in contexts with varying levels of ethnic deprivation and perceived religious discrimination. We hypothesized that (a) humility would correlate positively with well-being and civic trust (Hypothesis 1), (b) these associations would be attenuated in the contexts where perceptions of ethnic deprivation and religious discrimination are high (Hypothesis 2), and (c) these interaction effects would become more pronounced when cultural identities are salient (Hypothesis 3). Multilevel modeling revealed partial support for these hypotheses. Although humility correlated positively with well-being and trust in police over time, the two-way and three-way interactions did not yield substantial support for Hypotheses 2 and 3, respectively. The context of religious discrimination did, however, marginally attenuate the positive association between humility and trust in police. Collectively, these results demonstrate that humility is associated with multiple benefits to well-being and civic trust and has few-if any-potential drawbacks.

Transcending Borders in Orhan Pamuk’s My Name Is Red

Orhan Pamuk's novel My Name Is Red (1998) blurs the territory-bound art, cultural fences, and national boundaries to promote fraternity and connectivity through the two-fold strategy of obliterating conflict and encouraging philanthropic sensibility. This paper has examined the crossing of the divide in the massive migration, international trade, and refugee problems of the border postulated by Alejandro Lugo, Atzili Boas, Victory Konrad, and Anne-Laure Amilhat Szary’s border theory that emerged post-1990. Based on the insights of this theory, this paper argues that the ultimate resolution for the ongoing struggle among the people from diverse political, geographical, ethnic, and anthropological backgrounds in the third space is through the elimination of the territorial differences and the advancement of cross-cultural assimilation and humanitarian approach. This study uses qualitative research design to validate the argument that the territorial boundaries between the nations trouble social synchronization. The study’s finding reveals that the arts such as paintings transcend political division and promote the cultural adjustment in the liminal space. Istanbul is the setting that represents the transitional landmark between Southeast Asia and Europe as a cross-cultural and cross-border notion. The painting of the natural objects and the human procession merges the Eastern and the Western essences. The novel surpasses the conformist boundaries and endorses a multicultural artistic society without any religious, cultural, and geographical discrimination. Therefore, art functions as a tool to promote the aura of art, and such a sensation becomes the tool for the extension of psychological, physical, and social well-being.

Interreligious Relations Among the Igala people

The three main religions practiced in Igala territory are Christianity, Islam, and African traditional religion. Consequently, the study looks at the relationships between the Igala people's various religions. An approach to qualitative research was adopted in this paper. With some contribution from my own experience as an Igala and as a missionary who has served pastorally in the Idah Diocese, the study was mostly based on library research. The study's conclusions demonstrated that, despite their differing religious perspectives, there are numerous examples of cooperation, support for one another, and a single, coordinated effort towards a common goal. The nation's two main religions, Islam and Christianity, are mostly cooperating in the fight against religious radicalism, discrimination, and anti-religious sentiment. The mutual mistrust, hostility, and animosity that have marred Nigeria's past in addition to violence and bloodshed seem to have overshadowed the positive sides of contacts between Christians and Muslims. The study suggests that rather than placing blame, each religious tradition should focus more on fostering effective religious development. For this type of instruction to be effective, it may begin with religious authority and work its way down. First, this instruction will help one form a firm understanding of their own faith, which will subsequently enable them to adopt the proper perspective about it.

Insights into the career development of non-religious teachers in post-primary religious schools on the island of Ireland

ABSTRACT This article investigates the lived experiences of non-religious teachers in post-primary schools with religious cultures on the island of Ireland, particularly with regard to career development and promotion. At the time of the research, both jurisdictions on the island had legal exceptions from equality employment law in schools. Based on 15 interviews with non-religious teachers and with reference to literature on school ethos, teacher beliefs and agency, we investigate how the professional experience of teachers is shaped by the religious environment. The predominant response of non-religious teachers in religious schools is to hide or suppress their worldview. There is evidence too that their relationships with colleagues and pupils are inhibited when the religious culture discourages openness and diversity. Overall, they have modest expectations for career development or promotion. We conclude that legislative change is an important corrective to reduce religious discrimination, but it is only part of the solution. Active steps should also be taken by schools in Ireland and Northern Ireland to cultivate an inclusive spirit in which the school is regarded as an ‘authentic community’ where difference is normalised and all teachers are empowered to have full participation in the life of the school.

MULTICULTURALISM IN 20TH CENTURY AZERBAIJANI AND ENGLISH PROSE (BASED ON AZIZA JAFARZADEH'S “ELDAN ELA” AND DORIS LESSING'S “THE GRASS IS SINGING”)

In order to establish cooperation in the modern world, it is first necessary to achieve tolerance and multiculturalism in interpersonal relations. Multiculturalism primarily means ethnic, racial, religious, cultural diversity and values, and mutually tolerant relations with those values determine civilized moral and ethical criteria and values. It is an indisputable historical fact that the people who settled in Azerbaijan, regardless of their religion or language, lived in conditions of mutual understanding and tolerance in all periods of history. Even in the oldest examples of Azerbaijani literature, multicultural values have very deep roots. These values constitute the main line of the creativity of not only Azerbaijan, but also the wordsmiths and writers of the whole world. The highest criterion of personality is humanity, human relations, more precisely, tolerance. That is why representatives of other nations occupy a special place in the works of many writers who do not accept racial, national and religious discrimination. The fact that such improvement takes place through a multicultural environment once again strengthens the idea that multiculturalism has an important role in the real progress and development of humanity. The comparative study and evaluation of these issues in the work of Aziza Jafarzadeh, a bright figure of Azerbaijani literary prose, and a talented representative of English literature, Doris Lessing, is of great importance.

1276 Creating Safer Theatres. Tackling Religious Headwear Discrimination Nationally

Abstract Aim To identify and challenge discriminatory EDI practices. To improve adoption of national policies on surgical headwear in theatre. Method Freedom of information requests were sent to 124 hospitals with emergency general surgery theatres. Data requested included total staff number, BAME staff percentage, theatre staff percentage, Muslim theatre staff (including ODPs, porters, medical, nursing staff, surgeons, junior doctors), female Muslim staff number, and copies of uniform policies, especially on religious headwear. Two senior trainees reviewed policies. Results 100 of 124 trusts responded to the FOI request. Percentage of BAME staff ranged from 5% to 47%. 12 trusts had no BAME members of staff working in theatres or could not release this data for risk of their few personal being identified. 97 policies were reviewed. 80% of the policies reviewed adhered or replicated the national guidance. Potentially discriminatory practices included necessitating disposable head wear be always worn, lack of specific guidance on the wearing of hijabs, and one policy which appeared to request they would not be worn. Conclusions This project highlights significant disparities in EDI policies within hospital theatre teams, especially regarding religious headwear. The lack of specific accommodations for religious garments creates an exclusionary environment. This can lead to increased stress and lower sense of belonging amongst minority staff. The findings emphasise the need for hospitals to re-evaluate and reform their policies, those with poor practices have been contacted. We aim to foster a more inclusive, equitable workplace.

INTERNALIZING INCLUSIVE ISLAMIC VALUES AT MUSLIM OI BURA: A COUNSELING CONCEPTUAL

Islam openly accepts differences in human beliefs on this earth. According to Islam, diversity is considered a necessity, so differences in beliefs are also normal. However, the social reality that occurs is that there are still practices of religious discrimination in society, such as the case of religious discrimination carried out by a group of Muslims in Tambora against local Hindus. This article aims to develop the concept of counseling as an effort to handle problems. The research method used is a literature study with data collection techniques from books and journal articles. This research produces the concept of a counseling group approach using the REBT technique as an alternative to eliminating negative prejudices that hinder the birth of tolerance. The REBT technique used also adopts Islamic values. This step aims to suppress irrational beliefs by refreshing the meaning of inclusive Islam. In the process, it is hoped that it will be able to support the formation of an attitude of tolerance in the Muslim community in Tambora.

Nurturing Young Muslim Students as Part of Minority Group in American Society

Placing a religious foundation in the early generation presents challenges for Muslims, especially when religion is not part of academic curricula. Even though there has been debates on religious teaching, the significance of infusing religious values remains unquestionable in students’ lives. Those who need to deepen their religious faith enroll in religious classes outside school activities. The present article sets out to examine two Muslim teachers’ efforts to nurture young Muslims’ identity and the challenges they encounter. In doing so, this study employs the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) and identity theory as theoretical frameworks. The findings of this qualitative study add to the literature on the importance of nurturing Muslim students’ identity in a non-Muslim country, the U.S. This is important because the ongoing hate against Islam in a post-9/11 world causes Muslim and Muslim-looking students to face religious discrimination on academic grounds. We argue that infusing Islamic values to young Muslim students serves as a strong foundation for students’ spiritual development.

Religious Discrimination, Headscarves and the cjeu: Exclusive Neutrality or Exclusionary Practice?

Religious Discrimination, Headscarves and the cjeu: Exclusive Neutrality or Exclusionary Practice?

Rates and Reasons for Not Reporting Religious Discrimination to Authority Figures

Research has found that many individuals who believe they have experienced discrimination do not report the incident to a relevant authority figure. Much of this research has focused on gender- and race-based discrimination, with relatively little research examining religion-based discrimination. Using data from a representative sample of U.S. adults, this research note examines the rate of reporting religious discrimination to authorities and the reasons given for non-reporting. Our analysis finds that only 13 percent of individuals perceiving religious discrimination report the experience to a relevant authority figure. The most common reason for non-reporting is a belief that nothing could be done, although the reasons given for non-reporting depend in part on the specific context or type of discrimination experienced. Moreover, relative to Christians, Muslims are significantly more likely to attribute their non-reporting to a belief that nothing could be done and a fear of personal risks.

Religious discrimination at the CJEU and the social inclusion approach

The social inclusion approach to EU anti-discrimination law, as set out by Ringelheim, is aimed at achieving inclusion and participation in employment and wider society of all groups, including the most disadvantaged. But is the CJEU using this social inclusion approach, especially in cases concerning religious discrimination? This article argues that the CJEU, in cases regarding racial and ethnic origin, disability and sexual orientation discrimination as well as in some cases regarding religion or belief discrimination, has indeed applied a social inclusion approach, but that the six judgments regarding the wearing of Islamic headscarves at work are an exception. In the latter cases, the CJEU did not appear to pay any attention to the effect of the judgments on the employment opportunities of Muslim women who want to wear religious symbols at work.