Religious Discrimination Research Articles

KONSELING LINTAS BUDAYA DAN AGAMA: SUATU UPAYA PENANGANAN DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP MAHASISWA PAPUA

The issue of discrimination, both racial and religious, in Indonesia remains prevalent despite various laws.. From various literature and data, it is illustrated that cases of discrimination in Indonesia are most often aimed at the people of Papua as well as students from Papua. This research will take a deeper look at the development of cases of racial and religious discrimination against students from Papua and offer a concept of multicultural and religious counseling on this issue. This research is a research with a qualitative approach to the type of library research (library research). The data sources in this study are books, documents, scientific articles, and previous research in national scientific journals. The internal data collection method used in this research is the documentation method with content analysis techniques. The results of this study show that Papuan students often receive various forms of discriminatory treatment from friends, the community, and even officials. They also felt various impacts, ranging from social, legal, political, and religious to psychological impacts. Counseling based on multi-cultures and religions with various services and approaches is a solution in efforts to prevent, reduce, and alleviate this problem.

Psychosocial Perspective of Honour Killing

The Indian constitution forbids untouchability and caste or religious discrimination. Caste, on the other hand, is extremely important among Indians. India’s social system is ruled by the Hindu caste system. Even though we live in the twenty-first century, we continue to use the caste system. Each caste had its own set of rituals, customs and values. As a result of increased education, employment, urban growth, modernization and technological innovation, inter-caste marriages have gradually gained widespread acceptance in India. According to the 2011 census, 5.8% of the population throughout India, inter-caste marriages account for one-quarter of all marriages. For many years, however, Indians might have a conservative attitude towards inter-caste marriages. ‘Upper castes’ have viciously maintained the generational purity of blood by imposing endogamy and denying upper caste women the agency to marry outside their own castes. People are culturally conformist, so when their daughters or sons marry outside their culture, religion or language, it can lead to honour-related violence or honour killing. A total of 145 honour killing incidents occurred in India between 2017 and 2019 (Government tells in Lok Sabha in 2021). Furthermore, the majority of honour killings are misidentified as suicides.

An overlooked human rights crisis: The accelerating persecution of Christians across the globe

Human rights violations targeting Christians have accelerated dramatically in the last decade. Social work is ethically committed to challenging religious discrimination and promoting human rights, yet the profession’s literature has featured little content on this growing human rights crisis. In keeping with calls from the United Nations to address this issue, data on the increasing prevalence and intensity of human rights violations aimed at Christians are reviewed. After articulating a theoretical framework to understand the discrimination, strategies are discussed that social workers might implement to promote more inclusive, socially just societies.

The Relationship Between Religious Coping and Internalized Stigma Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

Stigmatization is a situation that results from the negative perspective of society towardindividuals with certain mental and physical illnesses and has negative effects. It has been observed that there are not enough studies in the literature investigating the attitudes of individuals with mental illness to cope with lifelong difficulties such as stigmaand especially their religious coping attitudes. However, there are many clinical studies on general psychology and religious coping with varying results. Our aim in this research is to reveal the association between religious coping and internal stigma among bipolar disorder patients. The religious coping scale and the Internalized Stigma in Mental Illness (ISMI) scale were administered to 79 patients with bipolar disorder. The obtained data were analyzed usingIBMSPSSStatistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Forty-two (53.1%) patients were female and 37 (46.9%) were male, the mean age was 43.41±12.57, and the mean follow-up period was 11.95±9.15 years.A positive correlation was found between negative religious coping and discrimination experience, alienation, and social withdrawal in bipolar disorder patients. A significant negative correlation was found between discrimination experience, alienation and social withdrawal, and positive religious coping. The correlation of religious coping attitudes with discrimination experience, alienation, and social withdrawal makes us think that religious coping methods may be one of the issues to be considered when dealing with self-stigma in bipolar disorder patients.In addition, the relationship between religious coping and self-stigmatization in mental illnesses can add a new dimension to psychosocial approaches. It would be beneficial for authors interested in religion and social psychology to focus on more extensive research on this subject.

Resurgent prejudice: Responses to marriage equality in Australia

AbstractThis article explores the concept of resurgent prejudice in response to marriage equality in Australia. We are using the term “resurgent prejudice” to refer to examples of reactionary collective action directed towards the rainbow community in Australia, with a specific focus on efforts to undermine progressive developments in sexual citizenship. We argue that Australia is currently seeing forms of resurgent prejudice in response to the passage of marriage equality legislation in 2017 by the federal Parliament and use the highly controversial Religious Discrimination Bill of 2022 as an example to illustrate this process. By making use of interviews with members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (rainbow) community, we highlight the concerns members of the rainbow community have regarding their rights, sexual citizenship and social participation. We conclude the article by arguing that vigilance is vital in the face of resurgent prejudice to preserve social and civil rights, and that an awareness of the concept of resurgent prejudice can be used by advocates to strengthen their social movements.

2023/15 Appointment of military chaplains and religious discrimination (IR)

2023/15 Appointment of military chaplains and religious discrimination (IR)

The Association between Religious Discrimination and Health: Disaggregating by Types of Discrimination Experiences, Religious Tradition, and Forms of Health

AbstractResearch finds that experiences of religious discrimination are often associated with poorer health outcomes. However, there remain important questions to consider gaps, including whether religious discrimination has similar health impacts on religious minority groups and religious majority groups, whether religious discrimination is equally harmful for both mental and physical health, and whether specific types of discrimination have different impacts on health. Using survey data from a probability sample of U.S. adults and measures representing a variety of discrimination experience types, our analyses suggest that religious discrimination is indeed harmful for health, but that experiences of religious discrimination do not universally affect mental and physical health in the same ways. Rather than significant differences in the health impacts of religious discrimination across different religious groups, we find more variation in the health impacts of different types of experiences with discrimination. Further, we find that mental health is negatively impacted by a wider range of experiences with religious discrimination than physical health. These findings are in line with social psychological research on the differential health impacts of discrimination, and they highlight the importance of context in studies of the health effects of religious discrimination.

A religious minority tax in healthcare? Insights from Muslim American physicians

Physicians from marginalized racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender backgrounds often encounter adversity, ranging from overt discrimination to subtle microaggressions, which impacts their professional careers. Consequently, concerted efforts to promote workforce diversity in healthcare have begun to tackle these issues. In this study, we further these efforts by uplifting the voices of a minority religious community, Muslim physicians, and their experiences in the medical profession. Using a community-engaged research approach, we recruited 18 physicians from 3 national Muslim clinician organizations who had worked at a university hospital within the last 20 years to participate in semi-structured interviews focused on how their religious identity intersects with experiences of discrimination and accommodation. Deploying a phenomenological framework, we identified four emergent themes that cut across the 18 interviews. The physicians’ experiences demonstrated that they i) shouldered extra labor to uphold their religious identity, (ii) denied their personal experiences of religious discrimination, (iii) feared religious discrimination, and (iv) mislabeled their personal management of religious practices as institutional accommodations. These experiences suggest that the additional responsibilities and burdens that saddle underrepresented racial and ethnic identities in medicine – dubbed “the minority tax” – extend to this religious minority group. They also highlight a unique set of psychological and professional costs associated with carrying a Muslim identity in the physician workforce. Our findings underscore the need for healthcare systems to take bold action in creating non-discriminatory, inclusive, and equitable working environments that attend to the religious identities of diverse physicians.

Faith-Based Discrimination and Violent Religious Hostilities: A Global Analysis

Several studies have found restrictions on minority faith-based communities to be related to the onset of violent religious hostilities. Absent from this work, though, is a consideration of the fact that minority religious discrimination can take different forms, and, consequently, may encourage violence in different ways. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining different forms of minority religious restrictions and their relationship to religious violence. Specifically, we analyze the comparative strength of three basic types of religious discrimination—restrictions on minority religious practices, restrictions on minority religious institutions, and restrictions on conversion and proselytizing—on violence carried out by both religious majority groups and religious minority groups. Interestingly, our analysis shows all three forms of restrictions encourage violence from religious majorities, but not from minorities. We supplement the statistical analysis with a case study of faith-based discrimination and violent religious hostilities in India.

Religious Discrimination Toward Other Religious Groups by Descendants of Religiously Heterogamous Versus Homogamous Parents

This study aimed to develop a model that explains personal attitudes toward religious groups and the role of parental religious heterogamy and homogamy. The sample included 32,595 participants from 26 countries around the world and was obtained from the International Social Survey Programme. Participants whose parents were religiously homogamous presented higher well-being, better health perception, and higher religiosity than participants whose parents were religiously heterogamous. Having had parental heterogamy or homogamy is a moderator of the relationship between religious practice and attitudes toward religious groups, with this relationship being stronger among participants who had parental homogamy. Religious variables are directly related to heterogamy/homogamy and indirectly related to well-being and personal attitude toward religious groups through parents’ religious heterogamy/homogamy. Religious variables are related to personal attitudes toward religious groups through patents’ religious heterogamy/homogamy and well-being. Participants whose parents are religiously heterogamous present a more negative attitude toward Christians, Muslims, Hindus, and Jews, and participants whose parents are religiously homogamous present a more negative attitude toward atheists or nonbelievers. In the context of globalization and the merging of cultures, these results open new research questions and may support religious, spiritual, and clinical practitioners in their approach to religious discrimination.

Confronting religious and spiritual discrimination in clinical and professional practice.

Confronting religious and spiritual discrimination in clinical and professional practice.

The Protected Grounds of Religion and Belief: Lessons for EU Non-Discrimination Law

AbstractThe article draws lessons for EU non-discrimination law from the protected grounds of religion and belief through a discussion of the CJEU’s headscarf judgments. The article has two ambitions. First, the judgments are used to draw broader lessons for EU non-discrimination law, in relation to the distinction between and the justification of direct and indirect discrimination, as well as the purpose of protecting against (religious) discrimination. Second, these lessons are used to analyze the headscarf judgments and the criticism directed at them. While there is widespread agreement that the CJEU erred in these judgments, there is little agreement as to what mistakes were made. Through a discussion of these judgments, the article clarifies the difference between direct and indirect discrimination and the justification of both forms of discrimination. It is argued that the headscarf cases correctly distinguished between direct and indirect discrimination, and that the problem lies in the justificatory burden for indirect discriminatory measures, which was set too low by the CJEU.

Asserting caste? Bhishti sanitation workers and Muslim caste associations in Jaipur

ABSTRACT The article analyses the ways in which low-ranked Muslims mobilise collective terms for self-identification to avail preferential state policies (reservations). Specifically, it focuses on the strategies deployed by the Bhishtis, a caste group associated with carrying water, to be listed as Other Backward Classes (OBC) and claim municipal sanitation work as ‘safāī karamchārī’. Reservation policies are instrumental in shaping the Bhishtis' demands and social positions. They reproduce caste-based division of labour and accentuate internal cleavages within the community. While distancing themselves from elite emulation (Ashrafisation), the Bhishti simultaneously deploy caste-based and Islamic identities in their quest for material gains. Caste identity is used instrumentally vis-à-vis the state to avail OBC reservation and demand municipal sanitation jobs. Additionally, it functions as an oppositional identity towards upper class elites within the community. Islamic identity emphasises a work ethic and dignified labour, and enabled criticism of the state for practicing religious discrimination when a commitment to Bhishti employment was officially removed from the sanitation department. Internally, the Islamic identity helps keep the various factions within the community united. In fact, local articulations of birādarī identity evolve across space and time, questioning whether it is fruitful to talk about birādarī and caste.

Immigration theory between assimilation and discrimination

ABSTRACT While most immigration studies traditionally build on assimilation theory, references to discrimination are increasingly present in the field, usually in an oppositional way. This article attempts to rethink the coexistence of these two concepts in the immigration scholarship and analyse their relationship. I first review the analytical perspectives of assimilation theory and argue that, unlike assimilation, discrimination is not a migration-specific concept. I distinguish between three forms of discrimination facing the immigrant population: civic discrimination, discrimination against migratory attributes and ethnoracial discrimination. The empirical section uses self-reported measures of discrimination from recent large-scale French data to assess each of these three forms of discrimination and analyse their determinants. The results show evidence relative to each of these three forms and point to discrepancies with assimilation. In particular, assimilation-facilitating characteristics such as early childhood knowledge of French and education in France are associated with higher levels of perceived discrimination. Perceptions of skin colour and religious discrimination also appear to remain stable if not increase over immigrant generations from non-European origins. The conclusion discusses some avenues to bridge the gap between intergenerational perspectives of immigrant socioeconomic attainment and the more general scholarship on the reproduction of inequality.

Cinta Kasih Refleksi Kritis Atas Intoleransi Kehidupan Beragama Di Indonesia Dari Konsep Cinta Kasih Søren A. Kierkegaard

This study focuses on exploring the concept of love according to Soren Kierkegaard's thoughts as a symbol of faith in the midst of the outbreak of religious discrimination in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of love according to Soren Kierkegaard and its relevance for religious discrimination that often occurs in Indonesia. Discrimination is common in religious life. The reason is because religion tends to be seen from the building and its rites. The religion that actually contains the values of goodness, truth and the highest value of love is narrowed in meaning. Values whose meaning is very positive and contained in the Scriptures of every religion have narrowed meanings. Religion as a place where the value of love grows is finally sacrificed due to the narrow understanding of its adherents. Soren Kierkegaard gives a very deep understanding of love. This philosopher of existentialism posits about the stages of human life, namely the aesthetic stage, the ethical stage and the religious stage. The concept of love also undergoes changes as human life progresses according to the three stages of human life. The author uses a phenomelogical approach and uses literature studies in completing this paper. According to the author, the concept of love in Kierkegaard's thinking provides the right relevance to the outbreak of religious discrimination that occurred in Indonesia.

Okul Müdürlerinin Demokratik Liderlik Davranışlarının Okul Yönetim Becerilerine Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of democratic leadership behaviors of school principals on school management skills. Quantitative research method was used in this study. This study aimed to determine whether there is a meaningful relationship with the effect of the democratic leadership of Anatolian vocational high school principals on school management skills. relational screening model; These are exploratory models whose purpose is to Decipher the existence and/or degree of covariance between two or more variables. The research was conducted in Adana province. The universe of the research consists of 85 participants working in vocational high schools located in Adana province. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using the SPSS 22 program and the statistical data were converted into tables. The surveys were collected online through Google Forms. The data collected during the study were analyzed using the SPSS program. A normality test was performed to determine whether the data were distributed normally. In the study, Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis-H test were used to examine the differences in terms of reliability test, factor analysis, frequency analysis and demographic factors. In addition, the Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the effect of the democratic leadership of vocational and technical Anatolian secondary school principals on school management skills. Dec. The school administration does not allow political, religious, ethnic and gender discrimination among the school staff, announces the orders and Decrees of the senior management to the teachers on time, avoids offensive and humiliating behavior, respects the decisions of the team. However, the school administration does not stand up to criticism. It does not encourage teachers to conduct self-assessment and does not develop informal relationships Decoupled between teachers. It does not define the vision and mission of the school with the teachers, does not share information about the program and work of the school with the teachers. According to the results of the regression analysis (R=0.79, R2=0.63, p<0.01), the democratic attitudes and behavior levels of school administrators explain 63% of the total distribution of their perceptions F (1,404) = 704.45. According to this result, it predicts the democratic attitudes and behaviors of the school administration. Key Words: School, Administrator, Democratic Leadership

HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHILDBEARING 10: ACKNOWLEDGING ISLAMOPHOBIA AND DISCRIMINATION IN HEALTHCARE: THE PERINATAL EXPERIENCES OF BRITISH MUSLIMS

This article draws on discoveries and insights gained from a five-year research project for a PhD on British Muslims’ experiences of pregnancy and birth, rooted in a decolonial and traumaaware approach. The article highlights the need to support religious and spiritual beliefs during the birth experience and the need to be mindful of the complex intersection of race and religious discrimination, in particular Islamophobia in perinatal care. A solution to the lack of understanding of healthcare needs of Muslims during the perinatal period would be a collaborative community-based approach.

The Idea of Cross-Religious Dialogue in the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic

<p class="root-block-node">Interfaith dialogue is one of the keys to building harmony among religious believers. Religious intolerance and religious discrimination have spread throughout this country during the Covid-19 pandemic. Freedom of religion is still an issue that reaps violence in the end. Negative religious fanatics are not recommended in responding to diversity and existing realities. It is feared that it will have an impact on conflicts with religious nuances that have no completeness. The method used in this article is based on the theoretical concept of “interfaith dialogue”. So the result is that the idea of interfaith dialogue during the Covid-19 pandemic has become one of the important formulas in religious moderation. For example, interfaith dialogue in education, social, community and social media. It can be concluded that interfaith dialogue in these times of the Covid-19 pandemic is very necessary. Good for moral education, building religious and social diversity, and peaceful literacy with the aim of countering extremist narratives, discrimination, and intolerance on social media and in social life.</p>

DISCRIMINATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: The Case of Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Minority Group in West Kalimantan

Human rights are an aspect of social existence. Human rights also include the right to religious freedom in retaining faith and belief in human beings. By comprehending the right to religious freedom, we may identify the rights of belief in all individuals. This study aims to inform readers about the Ahmadiyya minority group’s religious freedom abuses in West Kalimantan due to discriminatory policies. This study argues that Ahmadiyya in Sintang has encountered forms of discrimination against the rights to religious freedom in Indonesia.Thus, this study formulates research questions such as (1) what is the chronology and form of persecution against Ahmadiyya? (2) what is the role of actors in discriminating against the Ahmadiyya minority group in West Kalimantan? (3) What is the policy on religious freedom toward the Ahmadiyya minority group in West Kalimantan? This study employed qualitative methods to describe the chronology of Ahmadiyya events in West Kalimantan through interviews and documentation. The findings of the study indicate that religious freedom discrimination against Ahmadiyya in West Kalimantan demonstrates: 1) the existence of violations of the right to freedom of religion; 2) the existence of contradictory policies; and 3) the existence of religiously motivated violence in West Kalimantan. This study’s findings demonstrate that the violation of religious freedom against the Ahmadiyya in West Kalimantan is a type of religious-based discrimination.

Using the interest theory of rights and Hohfeldian taxonomy to address a gap in machine learning methods for legal document analysis

Rights and duties are essential features of legal documents. Machine learning algorithms have been increasingly applied to extract information from such texts. Currently, their main focus is on named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and the classification of court cases to predict court outcome. In this paper it is argued that until the essential features of such texts are captured, their analysis can remain bottle-necked by the very technology being used to assess them. As such, the use of legal theory to identify the most pertinent dimensions of such texts is proposed. Specifically, the interest theory of rights, and the first-order Hohfeldian taxonomy of legal relations. These principal legal dimensions allow for a stratified representation of knowledge, making them ideal for the abstractions needed for machine learning. This study considers how such dimensions may be identified. To do so it implements a novel heuristic based in philosophy coupled with language models. Hohfeldian relations of ‘rights-duties’ vs. ‘privileges-no-rights’ are determined to be identifiable. Classification of each type of relation to accuracies of 92.5% is found using Sentence Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. Testing is carried out on religious discrimination policy texts in the United Kingdom.