Religion Background Research Articles

Perceived Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Employees Towards Diversity and Inclusivity in the Workplace

Perceived Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Employees Towards Diversity and Inclusivity in the Workplace

Alih Wahana Tradisi Pujan Kasanga dalam Visual Komik

Pujan Kasanga Tradition is an important ritual of Tengger people because of being a tradition instrument in actualizing consistency of life. The potential of oral literature tradition in Pujan Kasanga can be developed into an artwork through alih wahana activity. Alih Wahana is purposing to visualize Pujan Kasanga oral literature inside comic which can introduce local culture from Tengger people. Alih Wahana method made through four steps such as preparing, imagining, developing imagination and working. Alih Wahana process bring a visual comic containing multiculturalism depicted through the plot of ritual processing followed by all of Tengger people without discriminating background of religion, faith, and social status. Next, local identity looks from the traditional costume that figure wore, profession, anjangsana culture and the culture of gathering. Last, own unique of Pujan Kasanga as an important ritual has big value and philosophy for Tengger people delivered on the environment background of shared and gotong royong, social environment concern, and harmony of living.

Monthly Ritual Kamis Manis as Representation of Celebrating Relation Between Human Being and God in Kalipagu, Ketenger Village, Baturraden District, Banyumas Regency

The relationship between man and God usually understood and placed as a private matter of each human being. It practices in certain forms of worship (rituals) regulated by religion. In this case, the notion of religion is as known, adhered to, and practiced by the wider community such as, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Catholicism, Confucianism, and Protestantism. Those six religions have different way of worship systems and practices and therefore they also have different places of worship. In Kalipagu, Ketenger Village, Baturraden District, there is a ritual that can actually unite and bring people of these religions in a joint worship ritual together. It calls Kamis Manis rituals. Therefore the research was conducted to uncover such rituals which could unite people with different religion background. This research was conducted with qualitative methods. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and also carried out through participant observation. The results of this study shows that the Kamis Manis ritual has one purpose, namely request God Almighty to bring human being to become a good and noble person and asking for safety and welfare in navigating this life. In this ritual, social identity is stripped where people are only seen and placed as weak human individuals before the Supreme of God Almighty.

HOW DOES CONTEXT AFFECT THE PROFESSIONALISM OF DAKWAH OF M.NATSIR IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC DAKWAH COUNCIL: A PRAGMATICS POINT OF VIEW

M. Natsir is one of the community leaders who is considered a multidimensional figure whose personality, abilities and expertise are very limited. History records that his struggle is always dynamic and gives the best for the Indonesian people and the Islamic religion. This study discusses how the context influences the professionalism of Muhammad Natsir's preaching in the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a library research research design. Data was collected using storage techniques sourced from readings/texts and books. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study show that M. Natsir is an influential and professional figure in his field, especially in the field of Islam and da'wah. From the internal context it was found that the influence of the family environment, educational background and understanding of religion was evident from his involvement in various important government positions, as well as various organizations including the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council. From the external context it was found that M.Natsir's involvement in da'wah work programs to various regions, cadre of qualified preachers through mosques, campuses and Islamic boarding schools, dispatched preachers for even distribution of the reach of da'wah messages. and the fourth; publishing as an effort to provide or entertain what is felt by the Islamic community in the field of literature.

Muhammadiyah’s Response to Covid-19 in Indonesia: Faith-Based Commitment

As one of the most prominent Islamic organisations in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah has, since its establishment, contributed substantially to resolving various issues confronted by the Indonesian government and society. The emergence of the COVID-19 Pandemic is also a concern to Muhammadiyah. It may contribute to assisting the government’s efforts and relieving some of the burden bore by the people. The current article aims to provide an analysis of Muhammadiyah’s movement in Indonesia and its handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic by using a faith-based commitment approach in the da’wah Muhammadiyah on Education, health, and caring poverty in the jargon da’wah Amar ma’ruf nahi munkar/effort and supporting virtues and stopping the damaging. Through this approach, it is found that Muhammadiyah has contributed significantly in various fields, particularly health, necessities, education, and preventive measures, regardless of one’s background of religion, ethnicity, and political affiliation. All the assistance that Muhammadiyah had given was based on a faith-based commitment that Muhammadiyah is a socio-religious organisation that has decided to take the path of socio-humanitarian da’wah as stipulated by Muhammadiyah’s founding mandate. The data from Muhammadiyah COVID-19 Command Centre, Indonesian Governance and the Media from March 13, 2020, to January 2021 analysis with in Faith Base Organisation Perspective.

KONSEP DAN AKTUALISASI KERUKUNAN ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 2 HALMAHERA UTARA

Inter-religious harmony is a real problem for all time. Inter-religious harmony gots high attention to the importance since the beginning of the development of Islam, both stated in the Qur'an and implied in various behaviors of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The concept of religious harmony has been applied at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Halmahera Utara due the school has students with different various religion background. The understanding of the right to freedom of religion within the school environment, both between teachers and students as well as students in this school is a shared responsibility, and we live this condition with a full sense of togetherness, harmony and form of service from teachers to students of other religions. Treated the same as Muslim students. This condition is seen as very important to be implemented, maintained and maintained for its sustainability

Migration, patriarchy and ‘modern’ Islam: views from left behind wives in rural northern Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Male labour migration can both empower and disempower non-migrating, or left behind, wives – contingent on further distinctions of rural–urban, nuclear-extended households and of class, religion and educational background. Migration catalyses transformations in the gender and religious norms in rural northern Bangladesh. It entrenches patriarchal norms and helps to reinforce the practices of ‘modern’ Islam – by creating the identity of ‘respected’ housewife, a woman who stays home, takes care of her in-laws and wears the burqà – that works within the codes of enhanced classic patriarchy. These patriarchal norms and practices dampen women’s agency through patriarchal codes – constituted of the power relations between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law, restrictions on the physical autonomy of women and women’s dependency on their male kin. In-laws, and the assistance of natal kin, curtail women’s decision-making power. This curtailment serves, ultimately, to sustain the power the in-laws and natal kin exercise over the women.

Peran Guru dalam Pengajaran Pendidikan Multikultural: Inisiasi dan Praktek

Indonesia is a multicultural nation that has very high diversity. This diversity can be a potential for the nation's progress as well as its decline, depending on the quality of the management of this heterogeneity. It is undeniable that conflicts with the background of ethnicity, religion and race between groups (SARA) still often occur in Indonesia. This shows the importance of strengthening multicultural education in Indonesia. This study aims to review the urgency of multicultural teaching in schools. The research method used is literature study, explaining the phenomena that occur based on scientific studies that have been done before. Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that multicultural education in schools is very important to do so that students are able to accept all differences from an early age. In this process, the teacher has a very big role. Teachers must be able to master the teaching methods and concepts of multicultural learning itself. The teaching of multicultural education is so that students are able to be active and critical in facing all differences ranging from religion, language, ethnicity, gender, and social status in society.

SEREN TAUN SEBAGAI PONDASI PERTAHANAN TOLERANSI PADA MASYARAKAT CIGUGUR KUNINGAN

Tolerance is as one of basic capitals the Indonesians should have as an attempt of building peaceful and harmonious life between religious communities. This research was conducted based on an objective to find out how the people of Cigugur Kuningan can live adjacently and peacefully without either conflict or dispute amid plural community condition. Different religious backgrounds the people of Cigugur Kuningan are not something that can make them divided, but are defined as a driving force of progress and benefit for the people of Cigugur of Kuningan Regency, West Java. This research employed literature research/narrative research technique, in which data was collected based on the result of observation on previous studies related to tolerance in Cigugur people, concluding that Cigugur people, with different creed and religion backgrounds can live adjacently and peacefully. It was initiated with the presence of blood ties and Seren Taun tradition held by Cigugur people as a foundation of religious tolerance defense within them.

Linguistic Etiquette In Communication

There are three factors influence children in their daily communications. First is social distance, this factor shows the discrepancy of delivering their aims to older people and it affects impoliteness in communication, for instance, using Javanese word kowe to their parents. Then, in social interaction, the children assert their statement by adding some animal and impolite words to their friends, and they think it as trend in nowadays communication. The second factor is social power consists of four aspects; interlocutors’ position, age, gender, and language impairment. This factor is much influenced by education background and understanding of religion. The third is degree of imposition which explains children’s way of uttering their will. It shows that when children speak to friends or parents, they do not care their words and intonation.

Small Deity Worship in Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study Based on Hindu and Buddhist Religious Traditions

The People who have not only multi ethnic, multi -religious and multi -languages in Sri Lanka but also, they follow different beliefs and cultural traditions as well. Hindu and Buddhist religious and cultural traditions are very prominent in Sri Lanka. Even though India is the root cause for the prevailing Hindu and Buddhist traditions in Sri Lanka, both the traditions and its worships and beliefs have unique and independent characteristics different from India. Small deity worship comprises of unique and independent characteristics in Sri Lanka. Small Deity worship in Hindu tradition: Kazhippu ritual, temple ritual, Kumara Deiva worship, Vairava worship, Pathini Amman worship, tree worship, Naga thampiran worship and small deity worship in Buddhist tradition: Thovil, Magapirith, katharagama deio, Bahirava, Pathini Deio, Bothi tree, Maga Naga are compared and identified unique and innovative characteristics among them. In this research, historical method, comparative method and descriptive method have been used. Data gathered from field work are considered as primary sources and data gathered from literature, research articles, manuscripts, etc. considered as secondary sources. Knowing origin and background of Hindu and Buddhist religion, identifying characteristics of small deity worship in Hindu and Buddhist tradition in Sri Lanka, discovering unique and innovative characteristics of small deity worship of Hindu and Buddhist traditions and evaluating values revealed by the two traditions are objectives of the research. Research area for this study is Magoya Divisional Secretary and Eravur Pattu Divisional Secretary. The conclusion of the research is that the small deity worships of the above two traditions fulfills psychological needs of the concerned people and small deity worship beliefs and traditions of Hindu and Buddhist religions will continue for long time.

Multi-Ethnic and Multi-Religious Involvement of Indonesian-Chinese Muslims Society in Habituating the Indonesian Nation Character

Together with the meaning of unity in diversity, Indonesia had been known as one of the country in the world who had a wonderful spirit on keeping unite in the diversity. Known as having Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, Indonesian people lived harmoniously within multicultural, multireligion, and multiethnic society which had been shaped since centuries ago. Living along different ethnical background or religion background did not make Indonesian people ignored the existence of minorities. Indonesian people nowadays, did not differenciate the majorities or the minorities. Talking about nation character, it was an important duty for all Indonesian people. The purposes of this research were to find out the implementation of habituating the nation character of Chinese-Muslims in Muhammad Cheng Hoo Hajj Foundation Indonesia. This research used qualitative methods with descriptive research as the type of research. The data consisted of Informant, Observation, and Document. The results of this research were: Muhammad Cheng Hoo Hajj Foundation Indonesia had some activities that are related to nation character building. This foundation had many activities with cross-religion, cross-cultural, and cross-ethnical organization.

Impact of scientific, economic, geopolitical, and cultural factors on international research collaboration

• The scientific, economic, geopolitical, and cultural factors are found to be shaping the closeness of international research collaboration. • Countries with similarly large scientific and economic sizes tend to collaborate closely with each other. • IGO comemberships largely facilitate the close collaboration in science. • Sharing common official languages and religion backgrounds promotes the close collaboration between countries. Scientific research has been increasingly globalized over the past decades. Each country may choose to collaborate more closely with some countries than others, resulting in non-trivial structural patterns in international collaboration networks. While the structure of the collaboration networks among countries has been widely studied, the origin of such structure still lacks of systematic exploration. Analyzing bibliometric data from six disciplines, this paper reveals four categories of significant drivers for the collaboration closeness between countries, namely science, economy, geopolitics, and culture respectively. Countries with large and equivalent scientific sizes, as well as economic sizes, are more likely to collaborate closely with each other. In particular, comemberships in intergovernmental organizations largely promote close collaboration in science. Cultural links, including the shared language and religion, also facilitate close collaboration between countries. The analytical results shall provide insights on policy-making regarding the design of national research systems and international collaboration strategies.

Prevalence and correlates of lifestyle behavior, anxiety and depression in Chinese college freshman: A cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesFirst-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors, this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students. MethodsCross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019. Anxiety, depression, eating regular meals, consumption of snacks in-between meals, consumption of fruit, dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, consuming alcohol, physical activity, sedentary time were assessed by self-report. Socio-demographic including age, gender, education, family income, religion, and health condition were captured. Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression. ResultsTotally 1,017 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression (from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, religion (believe in Buddhism, OR = 2.438, 95%CI: 1.097–5.421; believe in Christian, OR = 5.886, 95%CI: 1.604–21.597), gender (Female, OR = 1.405, 95%CI: 1.001–1.971), secondhand smoke exposure (OR = 1.089, 95%CI: 1.001–1.184), and eating regular meals (OR = 0.513, 95%CI: 0.346–0.759) were associated with anxiety. Family income (OR = 0.732, 95%CI: 0.596–0.898), eating regular meals (OR = 0.641, 95%CI: 0.415–0.990), frequency of breakfast (OR = 0.813, 95%CI: 0.690–0.959), with a chronic disease (OR = 1.902, 95%CI: 1.335–2.712), and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR = 1.337, 95%CI: 1.108–1.612) were associated with depression. ConclusionsThese results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention, especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion, health condition, and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.

A Call for the Conceptual Integration of Opportunity Structures Within School Safety Research

Few studies explicitly examine how opportunity structures impact school safety, school climate, or bullying. This article applies school-centered ecological theory as a heuristic conceptual framework that links opportunity structures and school safety. Historically, opportunity structures identified how institutional characteristics such as labor conditions, combined with factors such as geographic location, gender, race, religion, nationality, ethnicity, and family background, influence the opportunities open to individuals and shape patterns of entering the labor market. In education, the concept has been used when describing systemic racism in educational inequality. Examples are drawn from several bodies of research that have strong implications for future study of these issues. These areas include research on communities and families, creating positive school cultures and climates, and different types of educator bias that restrict opportunities and result in less safe environments. The authors suggest new research that combines school safety, opportunity, and social justice-oriented school reform. Impact Statement Opportunity gaps based on social injustice often overlap with school safety concerns. Yet most school safety studies and interventions focus on individuals or interpersonal relationships and not on structurally changing opportunity or safety gaps. This article calls for new research, intervention, and policy approaches that jointly address opportunity and school safety gaps. Examples include research on (a) school-community opportunity and safety gaps, (b) low resourced schools’ opportunity and safety gaps, and (c) racially biased classroom interactions that decrease opportunity and increase safety gaps.

Rich men's club. A case study of the National Assembly of Pakistan, 1970–2008.

ABSTRACT This article is inspired by the most common debate about the character and performance of the parliamentarians who often claim an exclusive role as sole representatives of the people in Pakistan. Three different aspects of their role as representatives are examined. For the examination of political representation, two indicators; electoral transparency and legitimate space for the opposition in the House have been used. Factors such as gender, religion, and professional background facilitated the investigation of the social diversity of representation. Similarly, parliamentarians’ effort to the work of constituency development acted as a tool to measure constituency representation. This study highlights the fact that the political system of Pakistan remains dominated by two political parties, namely The Pakistan Peoples’ Party and The Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz. This political division in the country has left limited choice for the voters during election. Similarly, the underrepresentation of minorities and the lower classes and the overrepresentation of landlords and businessmen in the Pakistan National Assembly was also found. Favouritism, nepotism, and control over the constituency development work enhance the chances of allegations related to the misuse of powers and financial misconduct by parliamentary representatives. The implementation of a proper code of parliamentary conduct is significantly needed to consolidate democratic norms in the country.

Study of Teacher’s perception on Global Citizenship Education in ASEAN region*

The purpose of the study is to understand the perception teachers have of global citizenship education in ASEAN counties. As interlinkages between people and places have increased enormously in the global era, challenges require solutions attained through global citizenship education. Hence the study focuses on the significance of the perception teachers have of global citizenship education as a way to constitute global solutions through transformative learning. The researchers review country reports and existing literature of ASEAN countries and conduct in-depth interviews with selected teachers in Cambodia, Singapore, and Thailand. The study finds that global citizenship education has already been reflected in the national basic education curricular in most of ASEAN countries. Core concepts of global citizenship education are embedded in basic courses such as social studies, geography, history, and etc. Nevertheless, teachers in ASEAN countries, exculding Singapore, have yet to acquire a clear understanding of what global citizenship education is. Moreover, each ASEAN country has a different cultural and historical background and developmental status and thus, teachers from each country have different perceptions of global citizenship education. In particular, because Cambodia and Thailand have strong backgrounds in religion and humanity, moral and human rights values were deeply rooted in their educational curricula. However, the interviews show that the perception of teachers in Cambodia and Thailand is low due to the lack of a national education budget and excessive workload of teachers. By contrast, the teachers in Singapore do not find much difficulty in accepting and implementing global citizenship education; also, educational materials and information are fully supported by school and government appropriately. Importantly, the study found that the perception of teachers on global citizenship education in ASEAN countries is not only influenced by their national education policies and types of teacher practices, but also other educational challenges such as lack of sufficiently qualified teachers, effective training, and low national educational budget allocations. Due to these challenges, the integration of global citizenship education in ASEAN countries is slow and tedious, aside from Singapore.

MUSLIM CEO AND ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING DISCLOSURE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been attracting ever considerable attention from practice and academia, but the determinants of CSR remain unclear. The Islamic principles of vicegerency (khalifah) and brotherhood (ukhuwwah) is seen as closely connected to CSR, called Islamic Social Reporting (ISR). Thus, this study aims to examine the presence of Muslim CEO on ISR disclosure. Using regression analysis, this empirical study covers a sample of firms which are listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the year 2016-2018. The result reveals that Muslim CEO has a positive and significant relationship with ISR disclosure. It suggests that the attribute of board (CEO) has an importance role to enhance ISR engagement among corporation, especially a religion background of CEO as Islam emphasises the relationship between Allah and man and Allah and the environment or the nature.

SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH KNOWLEDGE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG DAY SCHOOL GOING GIRLS IN HOMA BAY COUNTY, KENYA

BACKGROUND: Their sexual and reproductive health decision making is greatly influenced by their knowledge. This study, therefore, aimed to determine sexual and reproductive health knowledge among secondary school-going girls in Homabay County, Kenya. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytical study design that used quantitative approaches to determine factors associated with sexual and reproductive health knowledge among day school-going girls. A sample size of 491 participants were proportionately distributed in the selected 28 school. Data was entered, cleaned, and managed in the SPSS software version 17. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the level of sexual and reproductive health knowledge while logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with sexual and reproductive health knowledge. RESULTS: The study reported 39.4%, 40.4% and 82.9% of participants to be having good overall knowledge of risky sexual behavior, pregnancy related issues and HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. From the participants 207(42.1%),203(41.3%),230 (46.7%),188(38.2%),173(35.2%) correctly identified risky sexual behavior as sexual intercourse without a condom, starting sexual activities before age 14, multiple sexual partners, more frequent sexual activities and having sex under influence of alcohols respectively. On pregnancy, 303(61.6%),416(84.6 %),315(64.0%) of the participants correctly answered that a girl has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant in the middle of her menstrual cycle, Abstinence is the safest method to prevent pregnancy and Adolescent pregnancy is a risk for maternal complication respectively. Participant with catholic religion background were less likely to have good sexual and reproductive health knowledge (OR 0.18, CI 0.318-0.84, P 0.0080). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSLATION: This study concludes that most girls have good knowledge on HIV but poor knowledge of risky sexual behavior and pregnancy-related issues and also identify role of religion in improving sexual and reproductive health knowledge. The study, therefore, recommends upscaling of school-based sexual and reproductive health education.

Understanding Preferences for Addressing Spirituality Among Adults Seeking Outpatient Mental Health Care.

Focusing on 472 religiously heterogenous adult patients seeking psychotherapy at a university-based outpatient clinic, this brief report examined (1) these patients' preferences about clinicians appreciating their religion and/or spirituality (R/S) backgrounds (spiritually affirming) and addressing spiritual concerns in treatment (spiritually integrated) and (2) role of demographic factors and psychological functioning in predicting preferences for R/S integration. Analyses revealed that more than half of patients reported moderate or greater importance for spiritually affirming care and one-third hoped to address spiritual issues. Furthermore, these factors emerged as indicators of stronger preferences for R/S integration: female sex, racial minority status (African American, Native American), history of marriage (past and present), affiliation to organized religion (Christianity, Islam), and importance placed on R/S. In general, findings suggest that most patients seeking psychotherapy in a university-based clinic in southern Alabama might desire a spiritually affirming approach, and a smaller subset prefer an approach in which R/S is integrated into treatment.