Relief Of Anxiety Research Articles

Assessing Tobacco Cessation Needs Among Persons Living With HIV in Brazil: Results From a Qualitative Interview Study.

With regard to tobacco cessation, persons living with HIV (PLWH) are an underserved population, given the high prevalence of use and lack of evidence-based cessation programs tailored to this population. This study examined barriers and facilitators to tobacco use and cessation among PLWH in southern Brazil. We interviewed a total of 36 PLWH: 26 current smokers, of whom eight had a previous diagnosis of pulmonary TB, and 10 former smokers. Motivations for smoking included anxiety relief, social influence, and habitual behaviors. Motivations to quit included bad smell/taste and consequences/symptoms. Barriers to cessation included cost of pharmacological aids, distance to treatment, and reluctance to seek tobacco cessation services at the public primary care clinics due to confidentiality concerns. Participants favored individual or group interventions, no-cost pharmacologic aids, and assured confidentiality. There are specific contextual factors associated with tobacco cessation among PLWH in Brazil, which have important clinical, research, and policy implications.

Tension-type headache, its relation to stress, and how to relieve it by cryotherapy among academic students

BackgroundTension-type headache and stress are common students’ problems suffering. Alternative and complementary medicine, as cryotherapy, is effective for relieving physical and psychological pain; using ice compresses by placing it at the back of the neck, leads to relief of tension and anxiety, and gives feeling of relaxation and full of energy for doing daily life activities. The findings from this study will provide the basis for the formulation of future research questions that can explore the effect of cryotherapy for treatment of many psychological problems, specifically, researches that consider the role of cryotherapy for treatment of physical and psychological problems.Aim of the studyThis study aimed to assess tension-type headache, its relation to stress, and how to relieve it by cryotherapy, among academic students.ResultsResults revealed that there is an association between stress and tension-type headache, as the level of stress increased, the occurrence of tension-type headache increased.ConclusionAcademic students experience stress appearing as physical and psychological symptoms that affect their daily life activities. There is a significant relationship between level of stress and TTH, with diurnal pattern, location, severity, and duration of TTH. After applying cryotherapy (ice compresses) in relieving TTH, students feel analgesia, relaxation, increased effort, and alertness, added to that decreased mental tension and recurrence of headache to a minimum level.

Application of CT Imaging in the Analysis of Thigh Muscle Morphology of Athletes

The objective of the paper is to investigate and explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training (PMR) on image qualities of computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography and the relief of anxiety and pain of patients, as well as the improvement of sleep qualities of patients. The SPSS 16.0 statistics software was applied to respectively obtain the mean number, the standard deviation, and P value, etc. and analyze the variances of each group; the analysis was statistically significant at P < 0 05. The results of the study showed that CT could clearly indicate the anatomy of the thigh muscles and adjacent organs, and could better distinguish the bone density; however, its partitioning accuracy of the erector spinae was slightly worse. Therefore, it was inferred that morphological parameters such as CT values would provide persuasive data for clinical diagnosis, intervention therapy, and rehabilitation exercises, etc.

Abstract P6-13-04: Prospective comparison of cost, travel burden, and time to obtain multidisciplinary tumor board treatment plan through in-person visits vs. an AI enabled health technology

Abstract Background: Navya is a validated online cancer informatics solution that combines artificial intelligence (AI) based analysis of the guidelines and evidence, and rapid review (2 mins/case) by organ specific tumor board experts at Academic Medical Centers to deliver multidisciplinary expert treatment plan to patients within 24 hours. Initially developed for bresat cancer patients in India without ready access to expertise, over 28,000 patients across 68 countries with all cancers have since reached out to Navya. Prior research (SABCS 2014-2018 and ASCO 2017) showed, 1) 97% concordance of Navya predictions with an academic medical center in India and in the US 2) 97% of patients experienced significant anxiety relief due to the rapid, 24 hours turnaround time at the time of making a critical decision. 3) 79% of patients received treatment concordant with Navya recommendations on the ground. Unlike synchronized 1 patient: 1 doctor virtual consults in telemedicine where multidisciplinary collaborations are difficult, Navya uses AI to summarize medical cases and predict treatment plans that can be rapidly modified/vetted by multidisciplinary experts in 1-2 minutes asynchronously and collaboratively on a mobile app. This scales access to expertise for patients around the world beyond the limited availability of experts' time for telemedicine and in-person consults. Methods: Three patient centered outcomes (travel distance, cost and time to receive expert treatment plan) were studied. All consecutive breast cancer patients who reached out to Navya between 1/1/17-1/31/19 but ultimately opted for in-person visit to an academic medical center were contacted by prospective phone follow up. This was compared to a balanced random sample of patients who only used Navya to obtain treatment plans. Results: 195 in-person patients were reached for a prospective phone follow-ups and 132 of them had completed their visit at the academic medical center. 335 Navya patients were analyzed in the control group. The groups did not differ significantly in demographics or disease characteristics. In-person patients and Navya patients differed significantly with respect to 1) median travel distance (838 miles, IQR (237 -1105 miles) vs. 0 miles (p < 0.05)) 2) travel related costs of $1597 [95% CI +/- $240] vs $105 online processing fee 3) total time to receipt of treatment plan (7.23 days, IQR (0.45 - 22.35 days) vs. 0.51 days IQR (0.19-1.057) (p < 0.05)). Conclusions: Cancer informatics solutions like Navya leverage AI to summarize the case, and predict guidelines and evidence based options. Combined by design with expert vetting from academic medical centers, such solutions can generate multidisciplinary treatment plans tailored to an individual patient. This scales ready access to expertise around the world. For patients with limited access to academic medical centers, such solutions eliminate travel burden, and significantly reduce cost and wait time to obtain a treatment plan. For experts who have no time to engage in telephone, video or written remote consults, vetting recommendations from the AI system with concise case summaries only takes 1-2 minutes per case. This model has shown significant ability to create access to specialty expertise, reduce the movement of patients to obtain treatment opinions, save costs and tremendously reduce waiting time for expertise in breast cancer, globally. Citation Format: Rajendra Badwe, Benjamin Anderson, Nancy Feldman, Sudeep Gupta, Shona Nag, CS Pramesh. Prospective comparison of cost, travel burden, and time to obtain multidisciplinary tumor board treatment plan through in-person visits vs. an AI enabled health technology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-13-04.

Effects of ecgonine methyl ester on cognition in scopolamine-impaired and aged rats.

Searches for antidotes to cocaine, and for cognition enhancers potentially applicable to Alzheimer's disease, have revealed a novel regulatory site on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In the presence of an agonist, inhibitors binding to this site changed the ion channel equilibrium from the open-channel form towards the closed form. Other, related, molecules could bind to the site without changing the equilibrium. These latter compounds were predicted to displace the inhibitors without affecting receptor function per se. These compounds alleviated the inhibition. One of them is ecgonine methyl ester (EME), which is generally described as inactive, but this work suggested a beneficial effect on cognition. This in vivo study tested for cognitive enhancement by EME in scopolamine-impaired, and aged, rats. Memory was the primary endpoint, but thigmotaxis became an important secondary endpoint in the light of observations made during the study. Impaired cognition was pharmacologically induced by scopolamine in young rats, and spontaneously present in aged rats. Learning ability before and after administration of EME was tested in Morris water maze protocols. Concentrations of EME in the brain and plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A single dose of EME reversed scopolamine impairment, indicating involvement of acetylcholine receptors. Longer-term treatment improved cognition in aged rats, with enhanced rates of learning in the absence of an exogenous cognition-impairing compound. Impairment returned with a new challenge; the improvement could be re-established with continued dosing. EME also reversed thigmotaxis seen in aged rats; thigmotaxis is believed to indicate anxiety. The concentrations of EME in the brain proved adequate drug exposure. Since other investigators have shown cognition impairment caused by cocaine in aged rats, this work shows that cocaine and EME have opposite effects in Morris water maze models. EME might induce cognitive enhancement and relief of anxiety in cocaine-impaired humans, and in other cognitive disorders.

A Shared Decision-Making Model for Management of Small Renal Masses: Optimizing the Patient Experience

Background: The finding of a small renal mass (SRM) on radiological imaging and the potential of a cancer diagnosis is anxiety provoking in most patients. The decision-making process often occurs in the absence of any framework regarding the nature and treatment outcomes. This project aimed to educate patients newly diagnosed with a SRM, implement a shared decision-making (SDM) model, and assess the educational attainment and effect on a SDM intervention. Methods: This project assessed the educational attainment and its effect on a SDM intervention using a pre-and post- intervention survey, an educational video [Urology Care Foundation, “What is a renal mass?], and a structured provider discussion. The survey incorporated eight knowledge questions and two questions which addressed anxiety related to diagnosis and confidence in decision-making. Results: Fifty surveys were completed. The post intervention score showed a significant increase in patient knowledge. Wilcoxon signed rank test (P = <0.001; 2.0; CI 95% (1.54–2.46)). Thirty-nine demonstrated improvement in knowledge with a mean of 2.0, 9 were unchanged and 2 decreased. Approximately 42% of patients reported a decrease in anxiety rating by a mean of 40%. When confidence in decision-making improved, it improved by a mean of 45%. Conclusions: A significant improvement in understanding of SRMs was demonstrated. This model showed improved knowledge, alleviation of anxiety and improved confidence and denotes the feasibility of implementing a SDM model in newly diagnosed patients. Results should encourage providers who aspire to incorporate a SDM as a Best Practice.

"Thaumaturgy"- A Novel Behavior-shaping Technique.

AimTo compare and evaluate the effectiveness of thaumaturgy in alleviation of anxiety in children aged 2–13 years.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and forty children aged 2–13 years, identified as manifesting strong-willed behavior were selected for this study. The children were randomly assigned to be managed by one of the three thaumaturgic distraction techniques. Anxiety was assessed before and after the local anesthetic procedure using the anxiety facial scale.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in anxiety with the use of thaumaturgic techniques. Thumb and light trick significantly reduced anxiety in children aged 2–7 years, book trick reduced anxiety in children aged 7–11 years, and item tricks in children aged 11–13 years.ConclusionThe use of thaumaturgy plays an important role in shaping the behavior of a child in pediatric dentistry. The age and cognitive development of child dictates the technique to be used.Clinical significanceThaumaturgy helps to render effective dental treatment in uncooperative children and instill a positive attitude.How to cite this articleKonde S, Sumaiyya S, Agarwal M, et al. “Thaumaturgy”—A Novel Behavior-shaping Technique. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4):318–321.

Anxiolytic Terpenoids and Aromatherapy for Anxiety and Depression.

In our society, anxiety and depression are serious health issues that affect a large proportion of the population. Unfortunately, drug therapies are not always effective and can lead to drug abuse, delay of therapeutic effect, dependence, and tolerance. Traditionally, aromatherapy has also been used for anxiety relief and mood improvement. The use of essential oils, in relieving anxiety and depression, does not have the disadvantages associated with currently used drug therapies. In-vivo studies on animal models have verified the anxiolytic effects of these essential oils and the interactions of their major components with central nervous system receptors. Therefore, it seems reasonable to argue that the modulation of glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems are likely to be the critical mechanisms responsible for the sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant proprieties of linalool and essential oils containing linalool in significant proportions. Popular anxiolytic essential oils are generally rich in terpenoid alcohols like linalool, geraniol and citronellol, and the monoterpene limonene (or citral). Therefore, other essential oils or formulations that contain these terpenoids as major components may serve as important aromatherapeutics for relief of anxiety.

Impact on anxiety of COVID-19 and lockdown

Background: India was placed under “lockdown” since March 25, 2020, to curb the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Faced with this unprecedented situation, many individuals reported mounting apprehensions and some sought medical relief of anxiety. This study was carried to assess the impact of anxiety on COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the general public (18–65 years of age) and to assess its correlates. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted during lockdown. Using a survey form, a link was circulated using social media and E-mail. The survey included bilingual informed consent, sociodemographic data, characteristics specific to lockdown, and a self-rating anxiety scale. The survey link was circulated from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Results: A total of 987 responses were collected and analyzed. The study revealed minimal-to-moderate anxiety in 28.5%, marked-to-severe anxiety in 3.3%, and extreme anxiety in 0.1% of the participants. Anxiety scores were significantly correlated with younger age, students, currently employed, male gender, and lower income. Conclusions: The current survey indicates that 31.9% are experiencing significant anxiety due to lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic. Younger age, students, currently employed, male gender, and lower income are associated with higher anxiety. These findings suggest that there is a need of expanding the mental health services in society during and immediately after the pandemic situation.

Undergraduate nursing students’anxiety before and during taking care of end-of-life patients and factors relating to the relief of anxiety during practical training in hospice palliative care ward

Undergraduate nursing students’anxiety before and during taking care of end-of-life patients and factors relating to the relief of anxiety during practical training in hospice palliative care ward

Effect of audiovisual eyeglasses on intraoperative pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic changes during mandibular third molar extraction: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

To determine the effect of audiovisual eyeglasses in terms of anxiety relief, hemodynamic changes, and intraoperative pain in patients undergoing surgical removal of a mandibular third molar. A randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups was carried out in patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction. Fifteen patients watched a video with multimedia eyeglasses during the surgical procedure, whereas 15 controls had their eyes covered during extraction. The patients completed anxiety questionnaires before and after surgery. Hemodynamic changes, intraoperative pain, duration of the surgery, and overall satisfaction were recorded. Thirty patients were analyzed. Intraoperative pain and the need for supplemental anesthesia were significantly more frequent in the control group (53.3% versus 13.3%; P < .05). The surgical procedure was also briefer when the eyeglasses were used (17.2 versus 28.1 minutes). Overall satisfaction was similar in both groups. No significant differences were found between the two study groups in terms of anxiety and hemodynamic parameters. The use audiovisual eyeglasses should be routinely considered during mandibular third molar extraction since these devices allow reduction of intraoperative pain and surgery time. However, patient anxiety level and hemodynamic parameters seem to remain unaltered.

Thyrotoxicosis with Ashwagandha: A Case Report

A 62-year-old female, in otherwise good health, was diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis after self-medication with Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). She began supplementing with Ashwagandha root extract for stress and anxiety relief. After about two months of consistent daily dosing at 1950 mg, she experienced worsened anxiety, hysteric behaviors, extreme physical fatigue, unintentional weight loss, lack of concentration, poor memory, and increased resting heart rate. A physical examination determined her thyroid was uniformly enlarged, with tenderness to palpation and odynophagia. Laboratory results revealed low thyroid-stimulating hormone and elevated thyroxine, confirming hyperthyroidism, and borderline anemia evidenced by low hematocrit and red blood cell distribution width. After discontinuation of Ashwagandha, the patient’s symptoms resolved, weight normalized, and subsequent laboratory values displayed normal thyroid functioning. To our knowledge, there have been only two human case reports on the relationship between thyrotoxicosis and the use of Ashwagandha. Additionally, data from animal studies suggests that Ashwagandha increases serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. This case report recognizes the potential of thyrotoxicosis following Ashwagandha supplementation.

The effectiveness of foot reflexology in reducing anxiety and duration of labor in primiparas: An open-label randomized controlled trial

Background and purposeReflexology alleviates anxiety and may shorten the duration of labor. We evaluated the effect of reflexology on anxiety level and duration of labor in primiparas with moderate-to-severe anxiety. Materials and methodsIn this open-label randomized-controlled trial, primiparas with moderate-to-severe anxiety were randomized into one of two groups: addition of reflexology to usual care, or usual care only. The primary outcome was a change in the level of anxiety during reflexology treatment. ResultsNinety-nine women were assigned to reflexology treatment while ninety received usual care only. A larger alleviation of anxiety was observed immediately after reflexology treatment as compared to the control group during the 30 min following group assignment. Reflexology did not affect the length of delivery. ConclusionFoot reflexology had a positive short-term anxiolytic effect during labor in primiparas with moderate-to-severe anxiety but did not affect the duration of labor.

"Waiting for a miracle": Spirituality/Religiosity in coping with sickle cell disease.

To understand spirituality/religiosity as experienced by people with sickle cell disease, and its influence on coping with the disease. A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study conducted in the State of Bahia. Twenty-nine respondents participated in semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the empirical material. Individuals with sickle cell disease experience spirituality/religiosity motivated by their hope for a miracle, and fear of death; among their rites are: reading religious materials, individual and group prayer, and attendance at worship services. The effects on their health include: comfort by means of coping by comparing two evils, anxiety relief, social support, and lifestyle changes; however, spirituality/religiosity may be impaired. This study demonstrates the need to qualify health professionals to address spiritual issues of these individuals during illness, with the aims of diagnosing suffering and anguish, and providing care, comfort and strengthening of the spiritual bonds of these individuals.

Can propofol procedural sedation implementation increase the acceptance of spinal anesthesia during cesarean section?

BackgroundParturients are highly anxious preoperatively. The worries of spinal anesthesia may preclude its acceptance despite being recommended. Procedural sedation is not a routine during regional blocks, but it is sensible that anesthesiologists should provide their blocks comfortably. The proposal is that implementing the propofol procedural sedation (PPS) may increase the acceptance rate of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, the patients who refused spinal anesthesia primarily were interrogated to implement PPS for painless comfortable spinal anesthesia. Their acceptance rate was the primary outcome. In the sitting position, propofol 0.7 mg/kg and 20 mg increments were used as required. Patients were well supported and monitored. Data were compared by Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Friedman’s ANOVA tests as appropriate.ResultsThe acceptance rate of spinal anesthesia increased from 17 to 93%. During PPS, the mean values of minimal mean blood pressure were not significantly decreased, while the mean values of the heart rate slightly increased. The minimal values of oxygen saturation showed no significant reduction compared to the basal values. Patients expressed a marked relief of anxiety and high satisfaction.ConclusionThe use of propofol procedural sedation was effective in increasing the acceptance rate of spinal anesthesia during CS with safety and high patient’s satisfaction.

Medical empirical research on forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku): a systematic review

AimsThis study focused on the newest evidence of the relationship between forest environmental exposure and human health and assessed the health efficacy of forest bathing on the human body as well as the methodological quality of a single study, aiming to provide scientific guidance for interdisciplinary integration of forestry and medicine.MethodThrough PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, 210 papers from January 1, 2015, to April 1, 2019, were retrieved, and the final 28 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study.ResultThe methodological quality of papers included in the study was assessed quantitatively with the Downs and Black checklist. The methodological quality of papers using randomized controlled trials is significantly higher than that of papers using non-randomized controlled trials (p < 0.05). Papers included in the study were analyzed qualitatively. The results demonstrated that forest bathing activities might have the following merits: remarkably improving cardiovascular function, hemodynamic indexes, neuroendocrine indexes, metabolic indexes, immunity and inflammatory indexes, antioxidant indexes, and electrophysiological indexes; significantly enhancing people’s emotional state, attitude, and feelings towards things, physical and psychological recovery, and adaptive behaviors; and obvious alleviation of anxiety and depression.ConclusionForest bathing activities may significantly improve people’s physical and psychological health. In the future, medical empirical studies of forest bathing should reinforce basic studies and interdisciplinary exchange to enhance the methodological quality of papers while decreasing the risk of bias, thereby raising the grade of paper evidence.

The Perception of Medical Students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Regarding the Liver Transplant Allocation System

Background: The benefit of liver transplantation is not only to increase the patient’s lifetime but also for persistent relief of pain and anxiety. Shortage of the organ is the main hindrance of transplantation around the world, leading authorities to pass a general law for the reasonable distribution of organs and come up with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) system which scores the severity of liver disease and risk of mortality in order to detect the mechanism of allocation. Objective: This study aims to assess medical students’ perception of the liver transplant and allocation system.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 402 medical students at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Results: The majority of the medical students (84.4%) believed that a successful liver transplant improves both lifetime and quality of life. Most of the students also saw that the minimum survival rate should be five years after transplantation and that the patient should recover to be at least ambulatory, even if restricted by strenuous physical activity. When asked whether urgency or prospect of success defined a successful transplant, most of the students who chose urgency were preclinical (50.7%), while the prospect of success was the dominant answer chosen by students in their clinical years of study (66.1%).Conclusion: The criteria determining the success of a liver transplant include a gain in both lifetime and quality of life. The majority of respondents wanted the capacity to benefit to be considered in the liver allocation system.

Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like activities of aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus in mice.

Background Anxiety is a common ailment of high co-morbidity with epilepsy, a chronic neurologic disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Current drugs used for these conditions have several limitations such as disabling side effects, relapse, and ineffectiveness in certain population necessitating the search for alternative options. The aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CYC) is widely used for its various health-promoting effects including relief of seizures and anxiety in ethnomedicine. This present study describes its effects on convulsions, anxiety-like behaviors, and social interaction in mice. Methods Male Swiss mice were pretreated orally with CYC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), or distilled water (10 mL/kg) 60 min before induction of convulsions with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of picrotoxin (10 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg), or isoniazid (300 mg/kg). The animals were then observed for the occurrence of seizure for 30 min or 2 h for isoniazid. The effects of CYC on anxiety-like behaviors, social interaction, and spontaneous motor activity (SMA) were evaluated in naive mice. Results CYC (25-100 mg/kg) did not prevent convulsions nor delay the latency to convulsions induced by picrotoxin, PTZ, or isoniazid. Pretreatment with CYC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) produced anxiolytic-like effect, decreased SMA, and also enhanced social interaction behavior in naive mice. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that CYC did not exhibit an anticonvulsant property in mice injected with picrotoxin, PTZ, or isoniazid, but its anxiolytic-like activity and social interaction-promoting effect might be of benefit as an adjuvant in improving the quality of life of epileptic patients.

Clinical Practice Guidelines and Consensus Statements About Pain Management in Critically Ill End-of-Life Patients: A Systematic Review.

To identify and synthesize available recommendations from scientific societies and experts on pain management at the end-of-life in the ICU. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud from their inception until March 28, 2019. We included all clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements, and benchmarks for quality. Study selection, methodological quality, and data extraction were performed independently by two investigators. A quality assessment was performed by four investigators using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. The recommendations were then synthesized and categorized. Ten publications were included. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II statement showed low scores in various quality domains, especially in the applicability and rigor of development. Most documents were in agreement on five topics: 1) using a quantitative tool for pain assessment; 2) administering narcotics for pain relief and benzodiazepines for anxiety relief; 3) against prescribing neuromuscular blockers during withdrawal of life support to assess pain; 4) endorsing the use of high doses of opioids and sedatives for pain control, regardless of the risk that they will hasten death; and 5) using quality indicators to improve pain management during end-of-life in the ICU. In spite of the lack of high-quality evidence, recommendations for pain management at the end-of-life in the ICU are homogeneous and are justified by ethical principles and agreement among experts. Considering the growing demand for the involvement of palliative care teams in the management of the dying patients in the ICU, there is a need to clearly define their early involvement and to further develop comprehensive evidence-based pain management strategies. Based on the study findings, we propose a management algorithm to improve the overall care of dying critically ill patients.

Study of the Effects of Planned and Written Training on Anxiety in Neurosurgical Patients

Background &amp; Aim: Anxiety and depression are considered as important complications before surgery. Given the importance of reducing anxiety in patients nominated for surgery, different methods are conducted for this purpose, that patient training is one of these methods, this study was performed with the aim of influence of planned and written education on anxiety in patients scheduled for neurosurgery. Material and Methods: This study was an experimental that 90 neurosurgery patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of planned, written and control training. At the first stage, all patients responded to 40 questions of Spielberger anxiety questionnaire and then intervention was performed in the planned and written training groups. Then assessment of anxiety in patients after training was conducted in three groups. In order to analyze the data, in addition to calculate the mean and standard deviation, independent t-test and ANOVA were used. Results: The results showed that there is no difference between the average anxiety of patients before the training (P&gt; 0.05). But there is difference between patients anxiety in the three groups after the test (P &lt;0.05). And by comparing the mean, it was shown that mean anxiety in two planned and written training groups is decreased after training. Conclusion: Given that nurses play an important role in the investigation and relief of patients anxiety, and compared to other members of the healthcare team spend more time with patients undergoing surgery, the planned training method must therefore be considered to provide effective support to reduce anxiety before surgery.&#x0D;