Protection Of Relics Research Articles

Digital Protection of Hakka Condoms in Longnan Based on BIM and 3DGIS

In the BIM of digital protection of ancient buildings, in addition to providing three-dimensional information, it can also directly provide two-dimensional drawings for the restoration of ancient buildings, and visualize the repair process to preserve all stages of ancient buildings. Using the existing ancient architectural cultural heritage to make “clan” library, applied to architecture, BIM destroy the ancient architectural cultural heritage can complete the digital restoration of ancient architectural cultural heritage, BIM model not only supports the acquisition of ancient architectural geometric information, but also supports the management and preservation of attribute information. The combination of BIM and GIS, on the one hand, realizes GIS from outdoor to indoor, from macro to micro, and enriches the new generation of 3DGIS technology system; on the other hand, it enriches the application of BIM in the whole building life cycle. According to the list of the seventh batch of state key cultural relics protection units, there are 4296 national key cultural relics protection units, of which 1882 are ancient buildings, with 710 monuments and monuments.

Fatigue performance prediction of S235 base steel plates in the riveted connections

Although several old riveted bridges served more than 100–150 years in the world, some of them are still in the application, generally limited by the economic budget or cultural relic protection reason. Hence, the status of those bridges needed to be evaluated to support the bridge management and rehabilitation, especially with the increasing traffic flow along with their service life. Nowadays, fatigue detail class 71 in the EN 1993-1-9 is generally recommended to evaluate the fatigue behaviour of the riveted joints. But the predicted fatigue behaviour of riveted connection using the recommended S-N curves is excessive conservative because the differences of connection geometries and materials are not fully considered using the global nominal stress methods. Therefore, in this paper, a two-phase fatigue performance approach based on local strain and Paris law, respectively, fatigue crack initiation and propagation phases, combined with numerical simulation, is an effective surrogate method to predict the fatigue performance of riveted connections, considering the material and geometry effects. A good agreement is observed when compared to numerical simulation with experimental observations.

Application of Three-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Archeological Prospection

As the important part of historical relics, ancient architectural sites contain an amount of cultural information, which are of great significance for the future development of mankind. But improper prospection methods will lead irreversible damage to the existing architectural sites. Therefore, appropriate detection methods have significant meaning in archeological prospection and cultural relic protection. At present, there are many methods to explore ancient architectural sites, among which three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods are gradually popularized, because of its advantages of non-destructive, high efficiency, economic and deep prospection. But there are too many electrode arrays, such as Wenner array, Schlumberger array, dipole-dipole array and pole-pole array. First, this paper briefly introduces the application status of ERT. Then, a simple geoelectric model is constructed, and the inversion results are obtained with different arrays. The comparison of the inversion results for 4 electrode arrays shows that the dipole-dipole array gives the highest resolution. And, a more complex geoelectric model is constructed and compared with the results of the inversion. The results show that conclusions have a good consistency. And, this paper shows that Wenner method and Schlumberger array have high resolution in archeological prospection.

Crack Prediction Based on Wavelet Correlation Analysis Least Squares Support Vector Machine for Stone Cultural Relics

Preventive protection of cultural relics is to make use of all the science and technology beneficial to the research and protection of archaeological heritage to predict the disease of cultural relics. The existing preventive cultural relics protection system has made some achievements in environmental monitoring, but the analysis and utilization of large data of cultural relics are still insufficient. In this paper, under the idea of multisource information fusion, a least squares support vector machine regression method based on multivariate time series wavelet correlation analysis is proposed to achieve accurate crack prediction of stone cultural relics. Firstly, the correlation of multivariate time series of stone cultural relics are quantitatively analyzed and the validity of characteristic variables of the crack is discriminated by wavelet correlation analysis; then, a least squares support vector machine prediction model is constructed based on the correlation obtained from the analysis; finally, the good performance of the method is verified by using the environmental monitoring data of the rock mass fracture in the North Qianfo Cliff of Dafo Temple in Binzhou City of Shaanxi Province. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective than the traditional backpropagation neural network, support vector machine, and relevance vector machine regression methods. This method is universal and easy to implement for multisource data prediction of nonmovable cultural relics diseases. It provides a scientific theoretical reference for the preventive protection of cultural relics.

Museum Display Showcase Furniture System Research Based on Internet of Things Technology in Intelligent Environment

The protection of cultural relics has always been an important issue in the field of museums and archaeology. With the development of Internet of Things technology, the security system of the museum is more intelligent and integrated. In order for the museum display system to keep up with the intelligent age, this article mainly studies the research and realization of the museum showcase system based on the Internet of Things technology in a smart environment. Before the start of the experiment, we developed the overall design of the system, including three functional modules: temperature module, illumination module, and monitoring module. The experiment is done mainly for system testing. The performance test of the sensor module needs to sample the temperature and humidity sensor to verify the accuracy of the temperature and humidity signal collected in the instrument circuit. The light information collection test uses the ADC sampling inside the CC2530 to obtain the required data and judges whether these temperature, humidity, and light intensity values exceed the preset values. The serial port needs to be initialized to carry out data communication and transmission normally. After the receiving end finishes receiving, the sending end will clear the data buffer to prepare for the next data transmission. The experimental data show that the error between the predicted value and measured value of the temperature system is about 3°C, which is within the allowable error range of the experiment. The results show that the system has perfect functions, is safe and reliable, meets the expected requirements, and has good practicability.

“人与自然和谐共生”思想下的浮来山地质遗迹保护与利用规划方案研究

“人与自然和谐共生”思想下的浮来山地质遗迹保护与利用规划方案研究

ОБ ИСТОЧНИКАХ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ЛЯОНИНСКОГО ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МУЗЕЯ

The article covers a poorly studied topic about the sources of museum science study. The authors of the article rely on the prominent Russian researcher S.O. Schmidt’ opinion that the elaboration of source study is a guarantor of the accuracy of historical knowledge. They used Schmidt's scientific classification of sources and applied it to identifying and systematizing the sources of study of Liaoning Paleontological Museum in China. The article deals with such typological groups of sources as written, material, visual and electronic sources. The group of written sources includes legislative acts and documents of office-work. Such important act documents as the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics contain the information on museum work and protection of cultural values. Orders and resolutions of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, and the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China, and the National Administration of Cultural Heritage Regulations include this information as well. The administrative documents of the leadership of Shenyang Pedagogical University, in which the Liaoning Paleontological Museum was opened in 2011, have no small importance too. The Charter of the Academic Committee of the Liaoning Paleontological Museum has direct relation to the creation and activities of the museum at Shenyang University. Documents of officework were deposited in the archival funds of the Liaoning Museum. They include planning materials, and reports on the activities of the museum departments. The reports on the search and conservation of fossils, on work with museum visitors, on cooperation between the museum and schools in Liaoning Province contain an important information about Liaoning Museum. The article characterizes a group of material sources that play a major role in the formation of the source base for Liaoning Museum study. These are paleontological fossils – samples of flora and fauna of antiquity. The museum contains 30158 paleontological fossils. The author reported that 707 fossils are of unique scientific value and are authentic sources of study of the museum. Visual sources include photographs, restoration drawings and sculptures made of resin of fossil samples. These historical monuments are used in the museum exposition; contain important information about the activities of the museum. Electronic sources and multimedia resources are created in order to popularize scientific knowledge about the ancient world of China, they are used in working with visitors, contain important information about the museum and its collections. The identified and characterized sources have a high degree of reliability, they are distinguished by information saturation. They provide a solid documentary base for the study of the Liaoning Paleontological Museum.

On the Development of Cultural Tourism Industry and the Protection and Utilization of Cultural Relics in the Post Epidemic Period

This paper explains the relationship between the development of cultural tourism industry and the protection and utilization of cultural sites, and the significance of the two to the high-quality development of the region. This paper analyzes the existing problems such as the reduction of the number of tourists and the limited reception. Aiming at the coordinated development of cultural tourism industry and the protection and utilization of cultural sites, this paper puts forward some important suggestions and development countermeasures, such as promoting the organic integration of regional cultural sites and tourism, constructing the site characteristic cultural space, promoting the construction of information and emergency management system, and creating characteristic cultural tourism products.

Digital protection and utilization of Grotto cultural relics

Digital protection and utilization of Grotto cultural relics

Stability Evaluation of Deformation (Denudation) of Yuanjue Rock Cave Roof Based on Multisource Monitoring

The grotto rock mass is a type of cave structure, formed under the complex forces of environment, geology, and human interventions. Many scholars have carried out a lot of work in the protection of cultural relics. However, the research on detection and monitoring methods based on the parametric evolution system remains incomplete. In recent years, with the intersection and integration of disciplines, IoT (IoT: Internet of Things) systems and sensor technologies have developed rapidly. Under this background, a new monitoring system suitable for the protection of cultural relics was independently developed and applied to the protection and research work of Yuanjue rock cave, and the system was corrected and improved in practice. In this paper, according to the complex force characteristics of the sandstone roof of the Yuanjue rock cave at Dazu Rock Carvings and the geological conditions. Initially, a detailed survey of the geological conditions of the Yuanjue rock cave area was conducted; furthermore, according to the unique structural and load characteristics of the outer and inner surfaces of the roof, the monitoring methods and principles of each main control factor were explored, while the layout of monitoring points was optimized; finally, based on the microsensing technology, intelligent high-precision sensing hardware was installed and debugged for each main control factor, while the network was formed to form a multisource monitoring IoT system for the roof stability of the circular sense hole. After nearly half a year of continuous monitoring, the deformation and denudation rules of the roof of Yuanjue Cave were revealed, and a new approach of evaluating roof stability was proposed. This research provided technical support and research ideas for monitoring the stability of similar cultural relics.

Preparation of vinyl acetate/acrylate emulsion modified with carboxymethyl cellulose and fluorine for paper relic protection

Due to the delicate materials of paper, paper relics are easily damaged and naturally aged. Therefore, the synthesis of waterproof, anti-aging, and reversible composites that meet the requirements of the protection of paper relics is still a challenging task. In response to this problem, a series of carboxymethyl cellulose/fluorine/vinyl acetate/acrylate (CMC/F/VAc/A) composites with different fluorine contents were prepared. The stability, viscosity, surface tension, contact angle, swelling degree, chemical structure, hardness, surface morphology, and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed, and the results indicated that the CMC/F/VAc/A composite (F-5) exhibited excellent comprehensive performances when the content of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) was 25 wt.%. Besides, the results of dry heat accelerated aging treatment, and reversible experiment showed that the CMC/F/VAc/A composite (F-5) had an excellent anti-aging effect and good reversibility. After 72 h of dry heat accelerated aging, the tensile strength retention rate and mass loss rate of the paper samples coated with protective composites were 89.92% and 3.88%, respectively. This study will be helpful for better restoration and protection of the paper relics.

«Троица» Андрея Рублева: загадка и разгадка

<p class="Default">Статья посвящена историческим событиям первой половины XX в., связанным с сохранением русских святынь в суровые годы большевистских гонений на церковь. Изложена история расчистки иконы «Троица» Андрея Рублева. Описаны обстоятельства сокрытия части мощей преподобного Сергия Радонежского от поругания большевиками в 1920–1940 гг. Показана роль П. А. Флоренского, Ю. А. Олсуфьева и архиепископа Сергия (Голубцова) в этих событиях.</p><p class="Default">Автор статьи проводит искусствоведческую параллель между традицией русской иконописи и жанром советского плаката. Факт появления в 1919 г. плаката Д. Моора «Советская Россия — осажденный лагерь. Все на оборону!» расценивается как символ моральной деформации в сознании русского народа в годы Гражданской войны.</p><p class="Default">В статье предложен опыт богословского прочтения иконы «Троица» Андрея Рублева посредством обращения к работе Г. С. Дунаева «Символический язык “Троицы” Рублева». Показана актуальность философского наследия П. А. Флоренского для понимания смысла иконы «Троица». Изложена история публикации работы П. А. Флоренского «Иконостас» в советское время. Автор отмечает особенности существования и восприятия «Троицы» в условиях современного музея, размышляет над необходимостью преодоления антихристианских тенденций эпохи постмодерна. Предлагается понимание «Троицы» Андрея Рублева как нравственного идеала в контексте истории русского народа.</p>

What factors contribute to high mechanical strength of tabia? Case study of the tabia from coastal forts sites at Zhejiang, China

Tabia is one of the most widely used construction materials in ancient China. In this work, the tabia samples from three coastal defense fort sites at Zhejiang Province, China, we analyzed to determine their component composition and physiochemical properties. The results show that these tabia samples exhibited high compressive strength, which could be as high as 4–9 MPa. Furthermore, the systematic analysis demonstrated that the high compressive strength was related to the following factors: (1) a suitable mass ratio of sand, lime, and clay; (2) an appropriate sand particle size ratio; and (3) the formation of hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H). Moreover, sticky rice was also detected in the tabia samples. These findings are fundamentally important, which could be beneficial to further study of the craftsmanship of the coastal defense forts and could further provide essential guidance for the protection and restoration of the tabia relics.

Study on the Dynamic Protection of Cultural Relics: A Case Study of the Bell Tower of Jinling High School

It is an inevitable trend for cultural relics protection to change from static protection to dynamic protection. Based on the protection status of the Bell Tower of Jinling High School, this paper analyzes why the transformation from static to dynamic protection is necessary. Through literature review, questionnaire survey, think-tank consulting and other research methods, using 3D modeling, GIS, Space Syntax and other technical means, this paper puts forward ideas in dynamic protection including introduction of ICOMOS Heritage Alert Template, establishment of Public Open Day, optimization of surrounding landscape of cultural relics, and so on.

Immovable Cultural Relics Disease Prediction Based on Relevance Vector Machine

The preventive cultural relics protection is one of the most concerned contents in archaeology, which includes environmental monitoring and accurate prediction of cultural relics diseases. In view of the deficiency of the analysis of cultural relics data and the prediction of cultural relics diseases, a prediction model of immovable cultural relics diseases based on relevance vector machine (RVM) is proposed. The key factors affecting the disease of immovable cultural relics are found out by the principal component analysis method, and the dimension reduction of data is realized; then, the RVM model under the framework of Bayesian theory is constructed, and the super parameters are estimated by the maximum edge likelihood method; finally, the prediction accuracy of the model is compared with the traditional diseases prediction methods. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed RVM-based immovable cultural relics disease prediction approach not only has the advantages of more sparse model but also has better prediction accuracy than the traditional radial basis function neural network-based and support vector machine-based methods.

Biocorrosion of copper metal by Aspergillus niger

Several geoactive fungi were investigated for their biocorrosion impact on metallic copper, to further understanding of the potential roles that fungi may have in the biotransformation of such substrate, and the mechanisms involved. Copper metal showed little toxicity and test fungi were able to grow in direct or indirect contact with copper and to colonize copper sheet. A. niger was able to biodeteriorate copper metal through proton- and ligand-mediated dissolution mechanisms, leading to significant mass loss and surface etching. The formation of a secondary copper oxalate (moolooite) biomineral crust together with cuprite deposition lead to alteration of surface topography and visual appearance, highlighting the significance of oxalate excretion in effecting fungal metal biotransformations. The metal transforming influence of fungal colonization may have some implications for biodeterioration, protection and preservation of cultural relics and artefacts as well as certain components of the built environment.

Gelatin microsphere-based protection treatment for polychromic relics

Preservation of ancient polychromic relics is imperative for providing rich historical information. Raw material consolidation has become a new trend for the protection of polychromic relics. A new material based on gelatin microspheres (GM) was developed in this work to overcome the issues associated with the sol-gel property of gelatin. Small particles were sprayed on the surface of a polychromic relic; these permeated to a certain depth and expanded in the presence of water to provide internal crosslinking and surface sealing. The GMs were obtained through emulsification-coacervation in a water-in-oil emulsion. The GMs were uniform in size and their purity was verified using SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy. The protective effect of this novel treatment on painted samples was evaluated and compared to a commonly used synthetic treatment (Paraloid B72) as well as a blank control. The surface performance, breathability, and durability of the GM treatment was superior to Paraloid B72. The GM treatment can be used for effective consolidation.

The Researches and Applications of Reverse Engineering in the Protection and Inheritance of National Handcrafts

National handcrafts are well-known at home and Abroad for their fine ingredients, exquisite blending of colors, and excellent skilled shaping and painting. What is more, they have great value and are deeply popular with people around the world. National handcrafts, as a cultural crystallization, must be protected. In order to better realize the protection, we try to apply the technology of reverse engineering to the protection. This article mainly takes a handcraft, Yan Zi YU (meaning “swallow fish”), as an example to expound and demonstrate the process of reverse engineering technology. During this process, by using scanning technology of reverse engineering, the collection and splicing of the point cloud data, the theoretical analysis of the NURBS surface in the reconstruction phase, and other practical operations in other stages, reverse engineering can be used to regenerate 3D modal data of the swallow fish and to inspect and analyse the errors in it through Geomagic Quality to ensure that the new model meets the precision requirements. Therefore, the reverse engineering technology can be completely applied to the protection of national handcrafts so that they can fully demonstrate their own value and function. If the precision of reverse engineering detection can reach nanometric level, a breakthrough will promote the protection of cultural relics.

The Research on the Evaluation and Optimization of the Traditional Dwelling Conservation Practice: A Case Study of Cheng Zhi Hall Restoration Project within Hongcun

Hongcun is the World Cultural Heritage which is a Traditional Village in China, and Cheng Zhi Hall is the most important traditional dwelling within Hongcun. In December 2010, Yi County Cultural Relics Bureau commissioned Anhui Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Center to complete the Restoration Plan of Cheng Zhi Hall, Hongcun Village, Yi County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, and carried out the actual restoration project from 2015 to 2018. However, by the evaluation of the restoration plan and project of Cheng Zhi Hall, many problems are found such as that the description of restoration measures is rough, the restoration drawings are not clearly marked, and the restoration practices are lack of the theoretical support and so on. Therefore, the aim of this research is to sort out the existing problems, and through the comparative study of the relevant Italian cases, putting forward the optimization strategies of the plan and practice of traditional dwelling conservation practice in China.

Temporalities and the conservation of cultural relic protection units: legislative, economic and citizen times of the Bugaoli community in globalising Shanghai

Since the establishment of treaty ports in the mid-19th century, the urban development of many Chinese cities, and notably of Shanghai, has been heavily influenced by global economic flows and global urban and architectural practices. In Shanghai, extensive lilong neighbourhoods stand as remnants of the treaty port era. Many of these historic districts are in close proximity to rapidly transforming areas of the city, creating civic tension around demolition, conservation and the redevelopment of colonial heritage. Examining the listed Bugaoli community in Shanghai’s old French Concession, the heritage strategies applied under the particular Cultural Relics Protection System (CRPS), and the discourse of local residents interviewed in the context of this project, this paper reveals the paradoxes around urban heritage conservation and urban development by considering three different temporalities: legislative time, economic time and citizen time. The paper argues that actors involved in heritage practices should consider both space and time related issues in urban heritage conservation. Historic communities such as Bugaoli experience conflicts between conservation and the demands of everyday life. They underline and require a heritage strategy that acknowledges diverse temporalities and balances legal norms, economic interests and the public’s demands.