Reliable Values Research Articles

The Effect of Optimism and Gratitude on Subjective Well-Being of Parents of Children with Special Needs

The children who are born with imperfect conditions are often referred as children with special needs. Parents of children with special needs shown to have low levels of optimism and gratitude, which can affect the level of subjective well-being. This research aims to prove the influence of optimism and gratitude on the subjective well-being of parents with special needs children. The present study used a quantitative approach with a survey research type. The research location was in Pidie Regency, Aceh, with a sample size of 132 parents aged 20-55. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The instruments used in this research include The Satisfaction of Life Scale (SWLS) and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) with a reliability value of 0.710, the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) with a reliability value of 0.793, and the Gratitude Questionnaire (Q-6) with a reliability value of 0.761. The result shows that optimism and gratitude can simultaneously influence the subjective well-being of parents who have children with special needs (ß=0.087, p=0.000). The practical contribution made by optimism and gratitude to subjective well-being is 97.5%. The study revealed that optimism and gratitude are very influential in increasing subjective well-being in parents. In conclusion, parents with high subjective well-being tend to show confidence, appreciation, and satisfaction in life, thus positively contributing to parental involvement with children.

Development of Standard Assessment for Understanding Green Chemistry Principles Based on Unity of Science

Understanding green chemistry is a crucial aspect for chemistry teacher graduates, as it equips them with the knowledge and skills to promote sustainable practices, minimize environmental impact, and inspire the next generation of students to engage in eco-friendly scientific innovation. This research is dedicated to developing a standard assessment for understanding Green Chemistry based on the Unity of Science (UoS), which is grouped into three categories: reagents, reaction processes, and reaction products. The research uses a mixed methods design with a triangulation model. A significant part of the research process is the validation of the feasibility of the instrument developed, which was done by five chemical experts. The multi-rater responses obtained were then analyzed using the feasibility criteria of the processed Rasch results. In the trial process, 40 students from the Chemistry Education program were selected as research subjects. The results showed that the reliability of the questions was 0.87, with an item separation level of 2.54. This reliability value of 0.87 indicates that the developed questions are of excellent quality and can be used as a standard for measuring understanding of Green Chemistry based on Unity of Science.

Perancangan Instrumen Go-Green Movement Inventory dalam Konteks Gerakan Go-Green

The purpose of this research was to examine the content validity, inter-rater reliability, item validity, and item reliability of the Go-Green Movement Inventory (GGMI) instrument developed for high school students. The instrument development process utilized the Research & Development (R&D) method by Borg and Gall in Sugiyono (2019), up to the fourth stage. Prior to testing the instrument with 148 high school students, validation was conducted by 5 experts comprising two university lecturers and three high school teachers. The research findings indicate that the content validity analysis of the Go-Green Movement Inventory (GGMI) instrument for high school students is valid, as evidenced by Vhitung > Vtabel, specifically 0.89 > 0.87. Inter-rater reliability analysis yielded a score of 0.79, categorized as moderate. Item validity analysis revealed that out of 30 statement items, 2 items were rejected: item number 13 and 30, while the rest were accepted. Item reliability analysis showed a person reliability value of 0.80, indicating good consistency in student responses, and an item reliability of 0.96, indicating excellent quality of individual items. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.83, indicating good overall interaction between respondents and item statements.

Dutch Translation of the Yost Self-Report Lower Extremity Lymphedema Screening Questionnaire in Women.

Validated questionnaires of self-reported LEL are important in the assessment and diagnosis of LEL. The aim of this study was to validate and translate a Dutch version of the screening questionnaire, the LELSQ developed and validated by Yost et al. Methods: We tested the questionnaire on a group of healthy women and a group of patients diagnosed with LEL. The translation was carried out using the forward and backward method from English to Dutch. SPSS (IBM corp, Armonk, New York, NY, USA) version 28.0.1.0 (001) was used for statistical analysis in the process of validation. The internal consistency was assessed by determining Cronbach's alpha. The reliability was tested by test-retest reliability. The validity was determined by ROC analysis, and content and face validity were evaluated. The internal consistency score in both groups had a strong value (0.83 to 0.90). The test-retest reliability was also strong in both groups. Face and content validity showed the LELSQ is an easy, understandable questionnaire that is not too time-consuming in the early detection of LEL. The ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.93, indicating strong validity. The validated Dutch translation showed high values for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity, which allows us to implement the questionnaire in the early detection of LEL after gynecological cancer treatment.

Development and Validation of a Tool for Assessing Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet in Patients With Celiac Disease.

Life-long adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) and its assessment is essential for patients with celiac disease (CeD). We have developed and validated a tool for assessing adherence to GFD which can be used by both physicians and dietitians. Phase 1: Development, content validation, and assessment of reliability of tool. Phase 2: Validation of tool against standard dietary evaluation (SDE) (gold standard), immunoglobulin A - anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA anti-tTG Ab), and gluten immunogenic peptides in urine. Overall, 380 biopsy-confirmed patients with CeD (derivation cohort: n = 100 [phase 1], n = 210 [phase 2] and independent validation cohort, n = 70) were recruited. Of an initial 90-point questionnaire, 84 items (Celiac Disease: Compliance Assessment Test [CD-CAT.v1]) were retained after content validation and pilot testing. In phase 1, upon administering CD-CAT.v1 on 100 patients, a comprehensive 35-item tool (CD-CAT.v2; α = 0.86) was obtained after removing items with low test-retest reliability and item-rest correlation values. In phase 2, upon administering CD-CAT.v2 on 210 patients, 22 items were removed having low correlation values (R < 0.4) with SDE. Finally, a 13-item tool (CD-CAT.v3; α = 0.84) was obtained with high criterion validity with SDE ( r = 0.806, P < 0.001), moderate convergent validity with celiac disease adherence test ( r = 0.602, P = 0.007), and moderate to weak correlation with urine gluten immunogenic peptides ( r = 0.46, P = 0.001) and IgA anti-tTG Ab ( r = 0.39, P = 0.008), respectively. The final 13-item tool also strongly correlated with SDE ( r = 0.78, P < 0.001) in an independent validation cohort of 70 patients with CeD. Principal component analysis identified 3 relevant subscales with a cumulative variance of 62%. The sensitivity and specificity of CD-CAT.v3 were 80% and 91%, respectively, with an area under curve of 0.905 with SDE. The obtained cutoff score of <19 from the receiver operating characteristic curve was further categorized as 13 = excellent, 14-18 = very good, 19-28 = average, and >28 = poor adherence to GFD. CD-CAT is a new and rapid tool for monitoring dietary adherence to GFD with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be administered by both physicians and dietitians.

Inherent scatter in pool boiling critical heat flux on reference surfaces

Evaluating boiling heat transfer enhancement depends on reliable reference values in the form of boiling curves and critical heat flux (CHF) values. Typically, the evaluation is performed in pool boiling conditions with water at atmospheric pressure. Literature includes a wide scatter in reference values, prompting this study to comprehensively evaluate boiling performance and CHF on reference surfaces to investigate the scatter's origin and set a definitive reference value. The study recorded 125 boiling curves and CHF values on nominally identical bare copper surfaces, establishing an average boiling curve and mean CHF value. Despite consistent experimental conditions, the recorded CHF values displayed significant variability with a mean CHF of 1112 ± 102 kW m−2 and a scatter from 902 kW m−2 (−19 % of average CHF) to 1339 kW m−2 (+25 % of average CHF). Using Rohsenow's correlation on the average boiling curve, a Csf factor of 0.0151 was obtained. The acquired CHF data is proposed to serve as a foundational benchmark for future research in enhancing pool boiling heat transfer.

Target reliabilities for heritage structures derived from cost optimization

AbstractIn the last decade, structural reliability and safety efforts have been oriented toward the assessment of existing structures and the development of related target reliability levels. However, up‐to‐date there is no consensus on the reliability philosophy that should be followed when considering the assessment of heritage structures, and the level of reliability which is appropriate to them. In this study, a framework is proposed which derives new values for the economically optimal target reliability for the upgrade of a structure, , and the reliability threshold for upgrade, , considering the cultural heritage value of the structure. The total expected life cycle cost is minimized, assuming that the structure is given up after collapse, as heritage value is typically lost after failure. The target reliability values are based on three main parameters: the relative annual benefit of using the structure (affected by its heritage value), the relative cost of failure and the relative cost of increasing the reliability. Target reliability values are proposed specifically for heritage structures, considering a range of the main input parameters.

Cutoff values of motor and cognitive measures for predicting and discriminating levels of activities of daily living after stroke: a scoping review.

The various assessments performed by rehabilitation professionals not only indicate the patient's current functional status but can also help determine the future status (prediction) or the ability to perform untested tasks (discrimination). In particular, the cutoff values are the simplest predictive and discriminative tool that can be widely used in clinical practice. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the current literature on cutoff values of motor and cognitive function for predicting or discriminating levels of activities of daily living after stroke. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. The creation of the search criteria, primary screening of titles and abstract, and secondary screening by full-text review were performed by two rehabilitation professionals. A total of 54 articles were included. The summary of the cutoff values for prediction based on longitudinal studies revealed that an NIHSS score ≤8 and mRMI score ≥19 at acute hospitalization can predict good functional independence and walking independence, respectively, indicating reliable cutoff values. Cutoff values for predicting specific ADLs, such as toilet use or dressing, were not reported, which was a potential research gap identified in this review. Alternatively, the summary of the cutoff values for discrimination based on cross-sectional studies revealed that 288-367.5 m on the 6-min walk test and 25.5-27.6 points on the FMA-LL can discriminate community and noncommunity walkers. Considering the difference between prediction and discrimination, the reliable predicted cutoff values revealed in this review are useful for planning an intervention based on early prediction. Conversely, cutoff values for discrimination can estimate different performances with simpler test, or use as target values during rehabilitation.

Determining the Characteristics of Ultrathin Polymer Films: A Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Approach.

Ellipsometry is a powerful and convenient technique that is widely used to determine the thickness and optical characteristics of polymer thin films. The determination is accomplished by modeling the measured change in the polarization of an electromagnetic wave upon interacting with the thin film. However, due to the strong statistical correlations between the fit parameters in the model, simultaneous determination of the thickness and the refractive indices of optically anisotropic ultrathin films using ellipsometry remains a challenge. Here, we propose an approach that can be used to obtain reliable values of both the thickness and the optical anisotropy of ultrathin polymer films. The approach was developed by performing spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements on thin films of hydrophobic polystyrene and hydrophilic chitosan of thickness between a few tens to a few hundred nm and whose absolute value of the birefringence differed by approximately an order of magnitude. Careful consideration of the characteristics of the root mean squared error of the fits obtained by modeling the ellipsometry data and the statistical correlations between the fit parameters formed the basis of the proposed approach.

Does Physical Education Activity Affect Character Development in Primary School Students?

Physical education activities play a role in developing students’ physical abilities and have significant potential in shaping their character. This study aims to determine the effect of physical education activities on the character development of primary school students. The research method used was pre-experimentation with pretest-posttest (one group pretest-posttest design). The sample used was the 5th-grade students of Muhamadiyah Jogokaryan Primary School, with as many as 50 students [male: 38, female: 12], aged 8-12 years. Observation sheet instrument [Aiken V Validation: 0.94, Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Value: 0.813] was used to collect the data and to measure the students’ character. The analysis technique used a dependent paired t-test. The results of the difference test showed that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) was 0.000 &lt; 0.005, indicating a significant difference in students’ character development after participating in physical education activities. Therefore, physical education activities significantly positively affect students’ character development. In conclusion, Physical Education plays a vital role in the character development of primary school students.

Development of a Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Test Instrument on Electrochemical Material for High School Students

This research aims to develop a HOTS test instrument on electrochemistry topics that meets valid and reliable criteria. Apart from that, the level of difficulty, distinguishing power, ability level, and detection of respondent bias were also analyzed. This research is development research using the Tessmer model, which includes preliminary and formative evaluation stages. The HOTS questions consist of 15 multiple-choice questions. The validation data from experts is measured using a Likert scale. Coefficient Aikens’ V is then used to measure the validation data from reviewers. Experts and reviewer assessments indicated that the HOTS question instrument developed was very good. Analysis of questions using the Rasch model in a field testing of 33 high school students using a purposive sampling technique resulted in 14 valid questions and 1 invalid question with a reliability value of 0,69. There were 3 questions in the easy category, 7 in the moderate category, 1 in the hard category, and 4 in the extremely hard category. The analysis of the distinguishing power of the questions obtained 9 questions with very good criteria, 3 questions with good criteria, and 2 with fair criteria. The results of the validity of the students` responses showed that there were 4 invalid responses. The ability level shows that 5 students have high ability, 7 have moderate ability, and 21 have low ability. In conclusion, the developed HOTS test instrument for electrochemical material has a good quality and is suitable for evaluation.

Student Satisfaction Level in Individual Counseling Services at MAN 13 Jakarta

This research aims to determine student satisfaction with individual counseling services at MAN 13 Jakarta. The research method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The instrument provided is an instrument to measure satisfaction based on service quality (SERVQUAL). The validity test contained 38 valid statements and 17 invalid statements out of 55 statements. The reliability test result obtained a result of 0.953, so the reliability value of this instrument is very high and reliable. The overall research results are 77% in the reasonably satisfied classification, 16% in the satisfied category, and 7% in the dissatisfied classification. Furthermore, based on dimensions, it is known that the dimension of physical evidence gets the most significant percentage, 82%. The reliability dimension is second, with a rate of 79%. In addition, as many as 78% were for the responsiveness dimension, followed by two other dimensions with the same percentage, namely 74% for the certainty and empathy dimensions. This shows the need for evaluation by BK teachers so that the services provided to students can be provided effectively and well so that students' satisfaction with individual counseling services will be high.

The Relationship of Independent Learning with Student Learning Outcomes in Electrical Engineering Drawing Subject Class X of Electrical Installation at Vocational High School 2 Manado

This research aims to determine: the relationship between independent learning and learning outcomes in the electrical engineering drawing subject of the TITL Department at public vocational secondary schools 2 Manado. This study uses a quantitative approach. The type of research is correlational. This research is research involving a population with a population of 24 students. Data was collected using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Of the 22 questions tested, there were 20 valid questions with a reliability value of 0.944. The data analysis technique used is Pearson product moment correlation. The results of the research show that: (1) the average/mean learning independence of class Negeri 2 Manado is 75.74 or in the High category, and (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between learning independence and learning outcomes in the electrical engineering drawing subject of the TITL Department at public vocational secondary schools 2 Manado. This is shown by the value of r calculated being greater than r table (0.985 &gt; 0.349) and a significance value of 0.000, which means less than 0.05 (0.000&lt;0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between learning independence and learning outcomes in the electrical engineering drawing subject of the electrical engineering department, State Vocational High School 2 Manado

Critical behavior of the van der Waals ferromagnet Fe4.8GeTe2

The van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5-xGeTe2 has drawn significant interest due to its approximately room-temperature Curie temperature (TC) of 270 to 310 K, which can be regulated through iron deficiency. To comprehend the tunable TC associated with the ferromagnetic exchange mechanism, we systematically investigate the critical phenomenon of Fe5-xGeTe2 (Fe4.8GeTe2) crystals around TC. Employing diverse analytical methods for magnetization study, we derived reliable critical exponent values: TC = 285 K, β = 0.364(2), γ = 1.293(1), and δ = 4.62(1). Through a comparative analysis of these critical exponents, the magnetic behavior of Fe4.8GeTe2 is expounded as a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic exchange mechanism, with exchange distance decay modeled as J(r) ≈ r−4.85, closely resembling long-range magnetic coupling in the 3D Heisenberg mode.

Translation and adaptation of the person-centered maternity care scale to a Persian-speaking population: a confirmatory factor analysis

BackgroundRecognized as the most exhaustive multidimensional evaluation of women's person-centered experiences during childbirth, the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) Scale offers domain-specific insights into facets of care. This instrument has yet to be translated into Persian. Hence, this study purposed to translate and ascertain the reliability and validity of a Persian version of the PCMC scale for postpartum women in Iran.MethodsA cross-sectional study was facilitated at multiple comprehensive health centers within Tehran, Iran, from February 2022 until July 2022. Postpartum women within seven days after childbirth who were referred to selected comprehensive health centers for newborn thyroid screening were conveniently sampled. The validation process for the questionnaire utilized confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while it gauged convergent validity via factor loads, average variance extracted (AVE), along with composite reliability (CR). Discriminant credibility was evaluated utilizing HTMT alongside the Fornell-Larcker Criteria. Data analysis procedures were conducted through IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 16 and SMART PLS Statistics for Windows Version 4.0.9.9.ResultsAll the items were within the acceptable range of factor loading, except for questions 3 of the facility and 6 of dignity, which were removed from the model. The AVE values for all the variables were above 0.50, and the CR values were above 0.78, indicating convergent validity. On the horizontal loading table, all of the indicators met the conditions. Additionally, the findings validate that the HTMT indicator associated with all constructs remained below 0.9, which confirms divergent relevance about the survey tool under consideration. The composite reliability values also indicated good overall reliability for all the constructs, ranging from 0.78 to 0.91.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that the Persian version of the PCMC is a reliable and valid tool for measuring person-centered maternity care in Persian-speaking populations.

Development of quantitative detection methods for four Alzheimer's disease specific biomarker panels using electrochemical immunosensors based on enzyme immunoassay.

Accurate and timely diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is necessary to maximize the effectiveness of treatment and using biomarkers for diagnosis is attracting attention as a minimally invasive method with few side effects. Electrochemical immunosensor (EI) is a method that is in the spotlight in the medical and bioanalytical fields due to its portability and field usability. Here, we quantified four AD specific biomarkers using EIs based on enzyme immunoassay. We selected and developed quantitative methods for the biomarkers using screen-printed gold electrodes. For three biomarkers, quantification was performed using competition immunoassays in which antigen-antibody premix mixtures were applied to antigen-immobilized electrodes and the limit of detection (LOD) values were secured, 1.20 ng/ml, 1.30 ng/ml, and 1.74 ng/ml, respectively. For the other, a sandwich immunoassay using antibody pair was selected for quantification and LOD was also achieved as 0.077 ng/ml. All four biomarkers in buffer samples were successfully quantified and reliable R2 values were obtained, and reliable calibration curves were secured for three biomarkers in spiked human serum samples. The immunosensors developed and will be optimized are expected to be used in various fields, including detection of biomarkers for not only AD but also related diseases.

Carbon futures return forecasting: A novel method based on decomposition-ensemble strategy and Markov process

Accurate forecasting of carbon futures return is essential for global climate policy and financial markets, yet it remains a significant challenge due to the complex nature of these returns. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model for carbon futures return forecasting based on decomposition-ensemble strategy and Markov process. This model can effectively capture nonlinear, nonstationary and volatile features of carbon prices and provide accurate point and interval forecasts. We use the Moth–Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm and the Average Maximum Envelope Entropy (AMEE) function to optimize the parameters of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), which is a data decomposition technique that can separate the regular components and the random temporal component (noise) in the time series. We use Support Vector Regression (SVR) models to forecast the regular subsequences obtained by VMD, and Markov processes to quantify and forecast the random temporal component. We combine these forecasts to obtain the final prediction results, which incorporate both the regular and random information in the data. The proposed model supports both point and interval predictions, which are derived by summing the results of all the sub-models. We conduct extensive experiments to validate our approach and compare it with other models. The results show that our model outperforms other models in terms of prediction accuracy, reliability, and economic value. Our model can provide significant economic value for carbon futures investors and help them make favorable decisions in investment.

Psychometric properties of an instrument measuring monkeypox knowledge, perception, and beliefs of health threat in health science students in a middle-income country

Objective This study aimed to establish the factor structure and reliability of the evaluation instrument measuring monkeypox (Mpox) knowledge, perception and beliefs of health threat in students of the health area in two universities of Peru during 2022. Methods The methodology used was psychometric in nature. The study variable on knowledge of monkeypox was based on the instrument made by Ricco et al., carried out with health professionals, adjusted to Peru and administered to 416 students. Results The results showed adequate goodness-of-fit indicators with RMSEA and SRMR coefficients lower than 0.08 and a TLI lower than 0.90 and adequate reliability values for knowledge of monkeypox (KR20=0.70 and α=0.73), with the perception of health threats being the one with the highest reliability (α=0.88 and Ω=0.89). Conclusions Having instruments that accurately reflect the knowledge, perception and beliefs of health students will make it possible to contribute significantly to the prevention, control and management of this disease and, at the same time, be prepared to address other challenges of public health in the future.

Obstacling Factors the Role of Sharia Banking in Achieving SDGS1 (No Poverty) as a Sustainable Development Goal

The purpose of this study are factors that inhibit the role of Islamic banking in achieving SDGs1 (No Poverty) as a sustainable development goal in the city of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra. This research methodused is the application of the Delphi method which aims to obtain the agreement of experts who have high reliability values ​​through a series of questionnaires accompanied by feedback on the agreement. The Delphi method will be related to expert opinions with the aim of agreement with experts who have high reliability on mastery of learning design and ecoliteracy skills through a series of questionnaires accompanied by feedback on the agreement. The results of this studyare known that the factors that inhibit the role of Islamic banking in achieving SDGs1 (no poverty) as a sustainable development goal stakeholders do not agree with the Demographic Culture factor because people know the existence of Indonesian sharia bank BSI Bukittinggi City has strong legal force. For the SME factor, all stakeholder respondents did not agree with the Hobby factor because many hobby factors did not provide a background for MSE Pekaku Bukittinggi City but as an economic added value. Therefore, a consensus was obtained that in BSI Bukittinggi City, namely the Demographic Culture factor and in SMEs, the hobby factor is not used because these factors are not 86 influential in the development of SDGs1 (no poverty) achievement centers as public spaces in the research area.

Developing a Framework for Assessing Transformative Competencies of Junior High School Students Through Construct Modelling Approach

This research is designed to develop a comprehensive assessment framework to study junior high school students’ transformative competencies in three dimensions: creating new value, reconciling tensions and dilemmas, and taking responsibility. Researchers developed and verified the quality of the assessment framework among the 120 junior high school students purposively selected from four schools in the northeastern and central regions of Thailand as the test-takers. The project is segmented into four phases: creation of the construct map, item design, outcome space, and Wright map. The framework’s efficacy is analyzed using the Rasch model and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Validity is rigorously evaluated through empirical evidence derived from the Wright map and cognitive interviews. Reliability is assessed via the standard error of measurement, test information function, expected-a-posteriori reliability, and Infit Mean Square value. Key findings included the development of a five-level construct map and the formulation of scaled open-ended questions based on the test takers’ responses. A cut-off point is determined by dividing the threshold level by the number of tests at corresponding levels, adhering to Wright map criteria for each dimension. Subsequent item analysis and modeling confirmed the internal structure’s validity and reliability. This framework equips them with skills to navigate and effectively address complex real-world challenges, enhancing targeted educational strategies, promoting superior learning outcomes, and preparing students for advanced academic and professional environments.