Reliable Power Supply Research Articles

Wireless Communication based Water Surface Cleaning Boat

—It is very dreadful that huge liters of excrement are being deposited into the rivers across our country. The pollutants and toxins are assisting the amassing of the toxicant in water thus affecting aquatic life. Only when the detritus floating above the water bodies become persistent, the governments’ plan of action is set about and unfortunately by that time, the life cycle in that water body breaks. This research work focuses on deploying a solution for the unfavorable effects on the floating refuse, and henceforth reduces the pollution caused due to the unsettled wastes including plastics and plant weeds. The project aims to develop a waste collecting boat to scavenge the water body and abolish the floating waste. This is done by employing a conveyor belt connected to the front line of the boat. Boat movement is established using a remotecontrol application by incorporating an RF module along with an encoder-decoder pair. This method will reduce the cost of operation because of less human involvement and labor. Major challenges in implementing the boat are compact mechanical design and reliable power supply. The principle feature of this boat is the collection of refuse and floating weeds from the surface of the water into a basket which is removable [2]. Key Words: IoT (Internet of Things), Water Surface Cleaning, Gear Motors, Conveyor System, Arduino Uno, IR Sensors, Boat Controller, Arduino IoT Cloud, Garbage Collection, Autonomous Navigation, Remote Monitoring, Environmental Cleanup, Sustainability, Pollution Control, Scalable Solution, Real-time Feedback, Smart Technologies, Automation, Water Pollution, Adaptive Systems

Analysis of power load composition and study on countermeasures for orderly use of electricity

The electric power industry is the foundational industry of national economic construction and is closely associated with people's lives. The development and improvement of the economy have led to this. Moreover, society has increasingly higher demands for the reliability of power supply and the qualification rate of voltage. Power load control technology is a comprehensive use of modern management, automatic control, computer application and other disciplines to carry out power marketing management, power marketing monitoring, business copy and collection, data collection and other activities of a technology, and substation as a local industrial and agricultural production, life power supply base, the rationality of its design will directly affect the local economic development. To build a new type of power system, achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, realize the flexible interaction of the new type of power system load, and meet the requirements of the digital transformation of power load management, this paper examines the architecture of the new type of power load management system from the perspective of the concept of the new type of power load management system. Then it focuses on the analysis of several key information and communication technologies, including cloud computing technology and artificial intelligence technology, which support the new power load management system in the power load management system, and introduces the composition of the load management system and the application algorithm, and finally puts forward the future development of the new power

Research on Typical Process Mini Programs for Overhead Distribution Lines based on Non Power Outage Operation Technology in Distribution Network

To address the challenges and risks associated with the complex design of distribution network architecture, uneven skill levels of construction personnel, and inadequate training of construction personnel, this article proposes a typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of distribution networks. Through requirement analysis, the functions of the mini program were determined, and the front-end and system back-end functions of a typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of the distribution network were designed. Based on the development architecture of the mini program and combined with cloud services, a typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of the distribution network has been developed. The establishment of a typical process library and knowledge base for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of the distribution network has been achieved, making it convenient for users to search, learn, and collect typical processes in a timely manner, and to learn and apply them to maintenance sites anytime, anywhere. The typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of distribution network lays the foundation for better leveraging the technical advantages of uninterrupted operation of distribution network, further improving the reliability of distribution network power supply, and ensuring the accuracy of uninterrupted operation of distribution network.

Study of thermohydrodynamic processes in the air environment in the system of melting ice on the wires of the power transmission line

The paper considers issues related to modeling thermal and hydrodynamic processes in the "wire – ice shell – air" system that occur during melting of ice on wires. The problem of ice shell growth on the surface of power transmission line wires has been known for a long time, and many works in the field of ice growth control and technical means of combating this phenomenon are devoted to its solution. Recently, works have appeared on melting systems that operate without disconnecting lines from consumers, which increases the reliability and uninterruptible power supply, reduces economic losses from undersupply of products during power supply interruptions. The process of ice melting can occur under conditions of heating the conductors with a high current to a steady positive temperature until the ice shell is destroyed. In this case, switching to the melting mode is carried out for a short period of time. An alternative to this method is to combine power supply to consumers and ice melting. In this case, the heat generation capacity in the wires is less, the melting time is increased, but there is no need to disconnect consumers. The problem of maintaining the line in the operating mode of transmitting electric energy to consumers is solved by additionally loading the line with reactive currents by connecting a certain inductive load. The increase in currents and power coming from the supply transformer to the line must be technically feasible so as not to overload the source and not cause its shutdown. Due to power limitations, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations of thermal processes to determine acceptable modes of melting the ice layer. Complex modeling of thermohydrodynamic processes in the "wire – ice shell – air" system is considered. Several methods for determining the coefficients of convective heat exchange at the boundaries of the conductor at different wind speeds are considered.

Multi-objective optimization and algorithmic evaluation for EMS in a HRES integrating PV, wind, and backup storage

This manuscript focuses on optimizing a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), and various energy storage systems (ESS), including batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and hydrogen storage. The system uses a multi-objective optimization strategy to balance power management, aiming to minimize costs and reduce the likelihood of loss of power supply probability (LPSP). Seven different algorithms are assessed to identify the most efficient one for achieving these objectives, with the goal of selecting the algorithm that best balances cost efficiency and system performance. The system is assessed across three operational scenarios: (1) when energy supply meets demand with help from backup systems, (2) when demand exceeds supply and energy storage systems are depleted, and (3) when energy generation surpasses demand and storage systems are full. The HBA-based optimization effectively manages energy flow and storage, ensuring grid stability and minimizing overcharging risks. This system offers a reliable and sustainable power supply for isolated microgrids, effectively managing energy production, storage, and distribution. The research sets a new benchmark for future studies in decentralized energy systems, particularly in balancing technical efficiency and economic feasibility.

THE IMPACT OF 5TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TECHNOLOGIES ON ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: IMPROVING DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVE SERVICES IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING

This study investigates the impact of Fifth Industrial Revolution (5th IR) technologies on enhancing diversity and inclusive services in Open and Distance Learning libraries. Using a descriptive design, the research focused on librarians at the National Open University of Nigeria, with data collected through a Google Form questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using SPSS and linear regression to test hypotheses. Findings revealed that librarians believe 5th IR technology improves data extraction, processing, and service efficiency (mean score 3.44, SD = 0.586). The study identifies key implementation strategies, including awareness-raising, curriculum updates, training, collaboration, and skill enhancement. It emphasizes the importance of funding, reliable power supply, and collaboration for effective 5th IR adoption. The study underscores the potential for human-machine partnerships to automate tasks and foster connectivity, suggesting an optimistic outlook for the 5th IR’s role in promoting inclusive, customized library services in academic and distance learning environments.

Justification of the scheme of melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines

The article discusses an urgent problem related to the formation of ice and frost deposits on the wires of overhead power lines, which causes significant technical difficulties in ensuring the reliability of power supply, especially in winter. The accumulation of ice and frost on the wires leads to an increase in the weight of the wires, which can cause them to sag, damage insulators, destroy poles, and, as a result, serious accidents on power lines. The causes of accidents in power grids due to ice and frost deposits are analyzed and it is found that their elimination will reduce the probability of damage to overhead power lines from the action of ice loads. However, existing methods of dealing with this problem have a number of disadvantages, such as high cost, low efficiency in certain conditions, and negative environmental impact. The article presents a scheme for melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines by the method of a three-phase short circuit when powered by a power source with a solidly grounded and isolated neutral. This scheme makes it possible to locally increase the temperature of wires to a level sufficient to melt ice and frost, which reduces the risk of emergencies and ensures the uninterrupted operation of the electrical grid. The article provides theoretical justifications for the scheme for melting ice with three-phase short-circuit currents, which confirm its effectiveness. The analysis has shown that the proposed scheme is economically feasible, as it reduces the cost of maintenance and repair of overhead power lines. In addition, it is environmentally friendly, as it does not involve the use of chemicals. Thus, the proposed scheme for melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines is a promising solution for improving the reliability and safety of power supply in winter weather conditions. Its application can significantly increase the efficiency of power grid operation, reduce the number of accidents, and improve the stability of power supply to consumers.

Generalizable Solar Irradiance Prediction for Battery Operation Optimization in IoT-Based Microgrid Environments

The reliance on fossil fuels as a primary global energy source has significantly impacted the environment, contributing to pollution and climate change. A shift towards renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, is underway, though these sources face challenges due to their inherent intermittency. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) play a crucial role in mitigating this intermittency, ensuring a reliable power supply when solar generation is insufficient. The objective of this paper is to accurately predict the solar irradiance for battery operation optimization in microgrids. Using satellite data from weather sensors, we trained machine learning models to enhance solar irradiance predictions. We evaluated five popular machine learning algorithms and applied ensemble methods, achieving a substantial improvement in predictive accuracy. Our model outperforms previous works using the same dataset and has been validated to generalize across diverse geographical locations in Florida. This work demonstrates the potential of AI-assisted data-driven approaches to support sustainable energy management in solar-powered IoT-based microgrids.

Intelligent Power Management System

Abstract—The paper deals with an Intelligent Power Manage- ment System that can help modernize the existing Power Grids with newer technologies such as AI and ML. Incorporating AI can help to improve the power generation supply and overall management. The Power Management System can ensure reliable power supply. Index Terms—PMS(Power Management System), AI, ANN, ML, Rational

Resource Assessment and Optimal Sizing of Off-Grid Standalone Photovoltaic (SPV) System for Rural Communities in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Ethiopia’s current population is more than 110 million people. Fifty six percent (56%) of whom live in either the rural or less urbanized areas without access to grid electricity. The use of alternative energy sources holds a promise in tackling this lack of grid electrical energy access. Standalone photovoltaic power systems, in particular, can meet the daily electrical energy demand in rural communities yet unserved by the national power grid. This paper aims to assess the solar energy potentials in the study area, and design off-grid standalone photovoltaic power systems that can provide the communities with reliable off-grid power supply. The assessment of the solar resource potential considers six widely separated areas in the Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. Solar resource assessment showed that the annual average solar irradiation of the region is 6.46 𝐤𝐰𝐡 𝐦𝟐 ⁄ /𝐝𝐚𝐲 at normal tilt angle, 5.95 𝐤𝐰𝐡 𝐦𝟐 ⁄ /𝐝𝐚𝐲 at a latitude tilt angle, and 6 𝐤𝐰𝐡 𝐦𝟐 ⁄ /𝐝𝐚𝐲 at latitude plus 15 degree tilt angle. An estimate of typical household annual energy requirement indicated a consumption of 2,214.09 kWh. The design of the completed PV system includes sizing of system components and financial analyses. The financial analysis showed, the total initial investment cost will be 97,941 ETB, and for operation, maintenance and battery replacement requires of 61,770 ETB throughout the total life times of the system. The study demonstrated that, the designed standalone photovoltaic system yields a payback period of 13 years computed based on 3.7 ETB/kWh of energy cost. Moreover, this system will be financially feasible and, thus, encourages the use of clean energy resource of PV systems in Ethiopia

The Process of Using Power Supply Technical Solutions for Electronic Security Systems Operated in Smart Buildings: Modelling, Simulation and Reliability Analysis

This article presents selected issues related to the reliability of the power supply for electronic security systems (ESSs) used in smart buildings (SBs). ESSs operate in diverse environmental conditions and are responsible for the safety of lives, property and the natural environment of SB users. The operational tasks of ESSs in SBs require a continuous power supply from various sources, including renewable energy sources. The authors conducted an analysis of the power supply for selected ESSs used in SBs, which enabled the development of a power supply model. For the proposed model, the authors designed a proprietary graph of the ESS operational process, taking into account power supply implementation. Considering the operational indicators for the analysed ESSs, such as repair and failure rates, a computer simulation was performed. The simulation allowed the determination of the reliability of the ESS power supply within the considered redundancy configuration of additional energy sources, which can be utilised during the design phase. The reliability analysis of the power supply and the determination of rational parameters conducted in the article are crucial for achieving all the functionalities of ESSs in SBs, as envisioned during the design process. The article is divided into six chapters, structured to address the topics sequentially: an introduction to the state of the issue, a critical literature review, an analysis of the power supply for selected ESSs, implementation of renewable energy sources, the development of a proprietary model and operational graph, a computer simulation and conclusions.

Morphing control strategy of wide input voltage DR‐LLC converter for vehicle power supply

AbstractElectric vehicles have experienced substantial global growth. However, significant fluctuations in the output voltage of power batteries and abrupt changes in the input voltage of DC–DC converters pose major challenges to their safety and reliability, thereby impeding sustainable development. This paper proposes a frequency‐prediction‐based topology morphing control strategy (FPTMC) for a dual resonant cavity LLC (DR‐LLC) converter. The strategy aims to accommodate a wide range of input voltages while enhancing the reliability of the vehicle's power supply. Firstly, the topology of the DR‐LLC converter is introduced, utilizing a fundamental wave analysis method for modelling purposes. This analysis results in three distinct voltage gain models corresponding to various topology modes, thereby enabling the converter to manage a wide spectrum of input voltages. Then, a geometrically simplified state plane analysis is employed to derive switching frequency models for the three topology modes, facilitating real‐time prediction of the necessary switching frequency during topology transitions. The proposed control strategy, which relies on frequency prediction, effectively mitigates the problem of voltage spikes during these transitions. Finally, both simulation and experimental results validate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed wide input voltage control strategy for DR‐LLC converters in vehicle power supply systems.

Sensing Technologies for Outdoor/Indoor Farming.

To face the increasing requirement for grains as the global population continues to grow, improving both crop yield and quality has become essential. Plant health directly impacts crop quality and yield, making the development of plant health-monitoring technologies essential. Variable sensing technologies for outdoor/indoor farming based on different working principles have emerged as important tools for monitoring plants and their microclimates. These technologies can detect factors such as plant water content, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and hormones released by plants, as well as environmental conditions like humidity, temperature, wind speed, and light intensity. To achieve comprehensive plant health monitoring for multidimensional assessment, multimodal sensors have been developed. Non-invasive monitoring approaches are also gaining attention, leveraging biocompatible and flexible sensors for plant monitoring without interference with its natural growth. Furthermore, wireless data transmission is crucial for real-time monitoring and efficient farm management. Reliable power supplies for these systems are vital to ensure continuous operation. By combining wearable sensors with intelligent data analysis and remote monitoring, modern agriculture can achieve refined management, resource optimization, and sustainable production, offering innovative solutions to global food security and environmental challenges.

A time-variant power distribution network voltage sag identification method based on the concept of inheritance

The present paper introduces a novel method for identifying voltage sags in time-variant power distribution networks, effectively addressing the challenges arising from the temporal variability of network topology and data. The proposed method is founded on the concept of inheritance, which is bifurcated into breadth and depth inheritance strategies. The breadth inheritance strategy employs transfer learning to manage topological temporality, utilizing the Euclidean distance between samples to ascertain the sequence of sample migration, and implements multitask learning to share feature representations across different tasks. The depth inheritance strategy, on the other hand, utilizes incremental learning to handle data temporality, building upon the initial model parameters to learn new sample features, which in turn reduces the time required for model updates and enhances the accuracy of target tasks. Case study findings validate the suitability of the proposed methods for reconstructing fault identification models in scenarios characterized by topological temporal variability and for rapidly updating fault identification models in scenarios with data temporal variability. The approach presented herein holds significant implications for the enhancement of power supply reliability and the adaptability of electrical grids.

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY SECTOR CAUSED BY RUSSIA'S WAR AGAINST UKRAINE

Problems. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia's refusal to accept the planned volumes of natural gas to the countries of the European Union caused a global energy and financial crisis, and changed the movement towards the development of renewable energy. the transition to sustainable and clean energy sources has become problematic for many countries. Objective. General review and analytical analysis of trends in the development of energy consumption and the introduction of renewable sources in electric power systems in 2017-2023 using the results of research International Energy Agency (IEA), listed in World Energy Outlook (WEO) [1-6]. Methodology of implementation Trends in the development of the world system of renewable power plants to ensure climate neutrality, zero emissions, and a clean ecological environment have been analyzed for the study of the topic article. The study of changes and ways to limit the negative consequences of hostilities in Europe and the Middle East was carried out according to the long-term plans of the IEA. Results. An overview of changes in the structure of energy resources in the world energy balance is presented. It is shown that the energy crisis has led to a sharp increase in the production of fossil fuels, primarily coal and oil. The construction of new capacities for the production of 250 billion tons of liquefied gas has begun. in order to stabilize fuel prices and reduce the price of electricity. Statistical and forecast information on the structure of the world energy balance and annual electricity production by types of generation is provided. The environmental negative consequences registered for the last three years are considered: increased CO2 emissions; air pollution with fine dust; pollution of soils and water horizons; changes in climatic indicators. The problems that have arisen for the implementation of new projects for the construction of renewable sources, the development of electric power infrastructure, security and reliability of power supply are analyzed. An analysis of the proposed measures under several scenarios to increase the production and use of solar, wind and nuclear energy, reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and the prospect of zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 is carried out. Conclusions. Actions aimed at reducing energy consumption, projected reduction in fuel prices, planned restarts of nuclear power and further implementation of renewable power plants – these are the proposed measures that make it possible to solve the problems that have arisen around the world. Confidence in meeting the tasks is confirmed by 83 countries and the European Union to meet their commitments to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions on time and in full. Learning from the experience and directions of development of the world energy sector will create an opportunity for the rapid restoration of the energy structure in Ukraine in the post-war period.

FUNCTIONS OF PROTECTION DEVICES IN THE FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

In this article, the goal of the research was achieved regarding the definition of regulatory requirements for fire safety of protection devices in 0.4 kV electrical wiring. This article describes the main functions of protection devices that affect the fire safety of electrical installations, identifies the possibilities of strengthening the functions of protection devices, and substantiates the approach to the formation of further research for the introduction of new functions of protection devices. The article describes the study of the development of automation of processes and the saturation of electronic and electrical equipment in industry and everyday life. Because of this, there is a high degree of increase in the risk of the emergency mode of operation of electrical conductors and the occurrence of burning and fire, which may lead to a rise in the number of accidents in the future. Analysis of Ukrainian and foreign publications shows that the direction of development of power supply systems is infrastructure: p2p market for households, electric car charging networks, demand response services, and the possibility of participation in frequency support in the network and operation in the virtual power plant mode. This will lead to a further increase in requirements for reliability, safety, and protection of power supply, in particular, an increase in the functions of protection devices. The development of digitalization, security, and cloud technologies is marked by constant growth and innovation that are aimed at increasing the efficiency and reliability of the protection of electrical networks. This article also describes some modern trends in surge protection devices as a component of low-voltage network protection devices in the fire safety system of electrical installations. Devices for the protection of low-voltage networks play an important role in ensuring the fire safety of electrical installations. Correct selection, installation, and regular maintenance of these devices significantly reduce fire risks and contribute to the facility's overall safety. Due to the rapid development of the complexity of electrical consumers and requirements for their protection, it is necessary to conduct further research on the introduction of new functions of protection devices to increase their reliability, accuracy, and safety.

Modeling Daily Load Curve Parameters for a University under Prevailing Power Supply Conditions in Nigeria’s Local Grids Using Probabilistic Statistics

This study addressed an identified issue of representative daily load curves and parameters of Nigerian higher academic institutions and communities to eliminate prevailing application of assumed models that are representative of other climes with reliable power supply. Normal probabilistic distribution statistic, relative frequency statistic and per unit maximum load concept algorithms were composed and applied to meter-logged experiential daily load data sets with apparent inconsistent patterns and chaotic cluster. This made it impossible for local power operators to determine a representative daily load pattern for local generation planning and load management. The relative statistic-based model was used for comparison purpose. With a root mean square error of 5.6%, the probabilistic statistical algorithm was able to produce desired standard representative curve and parameters for a typical and relevant academic institution of technology in the Nigerian space, indicating a peak load at about 13:00 hour and a load factor of 0.54. The composed and applied methodology can be used for characterizing other load points of interest and categories in the region.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN HYBRID PV-WIND-BATTERY STORAGE-BASED MICROGRID USING MONTE CARLO OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

The paper presents an efficient energy management system designed for a small-scale hybrid microgrid incorporating wind, solar, and battery-based energy generation systems using three types of Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The heart of the proposed system is the energy management system, which is responsible for maintaining power balance within the microgrid. The EMS continuously monitors variations in renewable energy generation and load demand and adjusts the operation of the energy conversion systems and battery storage to ensure optimal performance and reliability. The primary objective of the energy management system is to maintain power balance within the microgrid, even in the face of fluctuations in renewable energy generation and load demand. This involves dynamically adjusting the operation of the renewable energy sources and battery storage system to match the instantaneous power requirements of the microgrid. Overall, the paper presents a comprehensive approach to designing and implementing the Monte Carlo technique to extract maximum energy profit using the hybrid microgrid. By integrating renewable energy sources with energy storage and advanced control algorithms, the proposed system aims to enhance the reliability, stability, and sustainability of the microgrid's power supply.

Economic sustainability enhancement by the integration of renewable energy in a deregulated system: A study

The global energy system is continuously changing, driven by increasing power demands and the urgent need to address environmental challenges. This highlights the necessity of integrating renewable energy sources with existing thermal power plants into deregulated power systems. This paper explores how the incorporation of renewable energy can enhance economic sustainability, focusing on the vital roles of smart grids (SGs) and microgrids. By leveraging these advanced grid technologies, more effective integration of renewable energy can be achieved, leading to reduced transmission losses, improved grid stability, and better peak demand management. The paper also emphasizes the current need for energy storage solutions to manage the variability of renewable energy, ensuring a reliable power supply. Furthermore, it discusses the economic benefits of deregulated power markets, where competition drives down energy costs and encourages innovation in grid technologies. The importance of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with renewable energy integration, along with practical recommendations for adopting SG and microgrid technologies to enhance both economic performance and environmental sustainability. Combined, the findings stress the urgent need for policy frameworks and advanced grid management strategies to support the transition to a more resilient and sustainable energy system in today's power market.

Methodology for improving the efficiency of paper production at the production facilities of ukrainian enterprises

This paper highlights the current state of paper production in the current state of energy supply in Ukraine. Paper and cardboard production is an energy-intensive process. The author presents ways to solve the problem of backup power and steam supply to the enterprises, as well as shows the complexity of electronic control, regulation of the web tension between electric drives with the possibility of their precise correction and movement from drive to drive, their dependence on high-quality and reliable power supply.