Reliable Scientific Basis Research Articles

Cognitive Aspect of Intercultural Communication

The research of cognitive aspects of intercultural communication is aimed to explore national linguistic consciousness, its peculiarities in order to determine the universal basics which make the intercultural communication possible while preserving national cultural identity and language diversity. This scientific analysis can become a background for developing skills of comprehending foreign speech and providing learning and teaching paths towards communication competence in accordance with Common European Framework of References for Languages. The analysis of texts has shown a fast-growing process of penetration of anglicisms into national languages which leads to obvious structural changes in the national languages. The effects of this interference on cognitive process should be studied and discussed as there is a strong awareness that substituting foreign verbal means for the native ones leads to weakening the immunity of the national language consciousness in general and undermines the national traditions of verbal communication approved and used by a national community. The linguistic analysis of professional activities of interpreters in the process of consecutive translation, students’ experimental with work with texts and material for comprehension and translation in class, survey of psychological tests on perception mechanism made it possible to describe a cognitive scheme of human reflection and interpretation of the real world and its developments which make up the contents of perceived texts during listening and reading. The concept of a subject whose activities are performed at a certain place at a certain time can be given the status of a three-coordinate (subject, place, time) cognitive scheme. The didactic exploitation of this cognitive scheme is seen in teaching students to identify these coordinates in the process of comprehending speech or text and thus to perceive its message by structuring and organizing the information. It is thought to be an effective method of developing productive communication skills as well as to be a reliable scientific basis to create and exploit learning and teaching techniques of handling and integrating information, including that of taking notes and organizing received facts in the process of consecutive translation.

Extraction optimization of total triterpenoids from Jatropha curcas leaves using response surface methodology and evaluations of their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities

Triterpenoids are multifunctional secondary metabolites in plants. But little information is available concerning the actual yield, optimal extraction method and pharmacologic activity with regard to triterpenoids from Jatropha curcas leaves (TJL). Hence, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction parameters. The effects of three independent variables, namely liquid-to-solid ratio, ethanol concentration and extraction time on TJL yield were investigated. TJL obtained by silica column chromatography was tested against bacterial and fungal species relevant to oral disease and wounds through broth microdilution. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. A second order polynomial model produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to TJL yield (R2 = 0.983, P < 0.01). The optimum extraction conditions were 16 mL/g (liquid-to-solid ratio), 70% (ethanol concentration) and 50 min (extraction time). Predicted values agreed well with the experimental values. TJL had extraordinarily strong antibacterial and antifungal activities (24.42 μg/mL < MIC < 195.31 μg/mL) against all the tested human pathogens except Bacteroides vulgatus (390.62 μg/mL) and Bacteroides stercoris (781.25 μg/mL). The DPPH and ABTS assays revealed a moderate antioxidant activity of TJL compared with ascorbic acid. These results provided reliable scientific basis for further investigation of triterpenoids from J. curcas.

Fire Hazard Research of Wire Joint

With the presentation of a fire accident caused by wire joint, this paper reveals the theory that large contact resistance at wire joint can induce high temperature, and eventually can cause fire. Through macro-examination and metallographic analysis about the melted marks of wire joint, it clarifies the formation mechanism of the melted marks, and the corresponding preventive measures which can prevent wire fires, provide a practical and reliable scientific basis to guarantee the safe operation of house power system.

Geomorphologic mapping by remote sensing in radial submarine sand ridges

Radial submarine sand ridges are large- sized sandy accumulation bodies in offshore area of northern Jiangsu. Because of their complicated hydrodynamic environment and geomorphology,it is very difficult to obtain the field investigation data. This paper is based on the color and texture reflected on the remote sensing image, Geomorphologic mapping was conducted in combination with the measured terrain data and historical charts as well as the historical geomorphological map. In addition,the spatial characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the use of remote sensing images to draw the geomorphologic map of radial submarine sand ridges can provide practical and reliable scientific basis not only for the study of the geomorphologic structure but also for the development and utilization of spatial resources.

The Big Data Processing Algorithm for Water Environment Monitoring of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Owing to the increase and the complexity of data caused by the uncertain environment, the water environment monitoring system in Three Gorges Reservoir Area faces much pressure in data handling. In order to identify the water quality quickly and effectively, this paper presents a new big data processing algorithm for water quality analysis. The algorithm has adopted a fast fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm to analyze water environment monitoring data. The fast clustering algorithm is based on fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm and hard C-means clustering algorithm. And the result of hard clustering is utilized to guide the initial value of fuzzy clustering. The new clustering algorithm can speed up the rate of convergence. With the analysis of fast clustering, we can identify the quality of water samples. Both the theoretical and simulated results show that the algorithm can quickly and efficiently analyze the water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, which significantly improves the efficiency of big data processing. What is more, our proposed processing algorithm provides a reliable scientific basis for water pollution control in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

The Key Attributes of Synthesizing Ceramic Particulate Reinforced Al-Based Matrix Composites through Stir Casting Process: A Review

It is apparent that technological development depends on advances in the field of materials. One may design most durable and highly efficient automobile or aircraft; however, without appropriate materials to fulfill the design requirements, the product may not be realistic. Therefore, to enhance the performance of engineering materials in line with technological development, engineers and scientists are always striving to improve existing materials or to produce new materials. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are example of such newly emerging engineering materials. However, MMCs are more expensive than their competitors. Cost is the key factor for their wider application in modern industry. Cost reductions can be achieved by cheaper reinforcements, simpler fabrication methods, and higher production volume. Refractory particles are relatively cheaper and easily available reinforcements. Particulate reinforced MMCs are economically processed through the stir casting route. However, in stir casting process, there are lots of processing challenges, such as undesirable interfacial reactions, porosity, uneven distribution, agglomeration, engulfment, and poor wettability. The purpose of this review is therefore to provide a reliable scientific basis for the researchers planning to synthesize particulate reinforced MMC in stir casting route.

Study on the Simulation of Anti-Flood Spiral Pile-Driven Process

Pile-driven operation is the essential means of flood control and river harnessing. Anti-flood Spiral Pile is an innovative flood fighting and rescue equipment. Based on the experiment, established the spiral pile finite element model in FEM method and constructed the soil model with SPH smooth particles, set the keywords and parameters by using LS-DYNA softwares own processor, and then, the large deformation (soil extrusion and shearing status, etc.) and stress conditions be simulated truthfully. With reference to the experiment, the simulation results of SPH method with ALE method was contrasted, which could provide a reliable reference and scientific basis for the subsequent analysis and design of the spiral pile.

Simulation and optimization for crop water allocation based on crop water production functions and climate factor under uncertainty

In this paper, the uncertainty methods of interval and functional interval are introduced in the research of the uncertainty of crop water production function itself and optimal allocation of water resources in the irrigation area. The crop water production functions in the whole growth period under uncertainty and the optimal allocation of water resources model in the irrigation area under uncertainty are established, and the meteorological factor is considered in the model. It can promote the practical application of the uncertain methods, reflect the complexity and uncertainty of the actual situation, and provide more reliable scientific basis for using water resources economically, fully improving irrigation efficiency, and keeping the sustainable development of the irrigated area. This approach has important value on theoretical and practical for the optimal irrigation schedule, and has very broad prospects for research and development to other related agriculture water management.

Remaining Pre-Stress Identification of Diseased Pre-Stressed Concrete Bridges Based on Neural Network

According to experimental record of bridges in use, more and more damage bridges have appeared, and the most common and severe defect is the bridge damage and cracking problem, which has seriously affected the normal usage of bridges. Analyzing the disease cause of defective bridges more effectively and deeply, in order to optimize the design and construction of bridges becomes the urgent problem in the engineering field. The study is based on the design, construction data and experimental record of the bridge.A non-linear mapping function from multiple input data (the deck elevation of each element in destructing) to multiple output data(the change of pre-stress) is constructed within BP neural networks. Based on the theory of continuous function, the convergence is disadvantageous between 0 and 1. The study shows the expected output data between 0.05 and 0.95 are better for convergence. According to the real data of bridge floor line change in process of destruction, the released pre-stresses are recognized, and the real pre-stresses in existence are calculated by scheme of cable design. The study not only offers reliable scientific basis for analyzing the disease cause in the bridges, but also is helpful to design of the bridges having same structural style.

Distributed Groundwater Level Remote Centralized Monitoring and Warning System

The overexploitation of groundwater has caused many serious hydrological geological disasters in the world wide. In order to solve this subject, a groundwater level monitoring system which adopts C/S architecture design and is composed of a monitoring center, transmission network and monitoring terminals is proposed. The monitoring center is made up of a computer with professional monitoring software. The monitoring terminals are arranged at different area as required, and access Internet to transmit data to remote monitoring center server through GPRS net work. The monitoring center server is responsible for receiving, processing, storage, display and analysis the data about groundwater from monitoring terminals. The experimental results show that the system is stable, high precision, stability and timeliness of features, and realizes the automatic collection and centralized management of groundwater monitoring data that provides a reliable scientific basis for sustainable utilization development of groundwater resources and geological hazards forecasting.

Fire Hazard Research of Aluminum Cable Joint

On the basis of fire hazard simulation study of aluminum cable joint, it reveals that large contact resistance at cable joint can induce high temperature, and easily ignite combustibles then catch fire. Through macro-examination and metallographic analysis about the melted marks of aluminum cable joint, it clarifies the formation mechanism of the melted marks, and the corresponding preventive measures which can prevent cable fires, provide a practical and reliable scientific basis to guarantee the safe operation of power system.

Research on software development of air temperature prediction in coal face

With ever-increasing depth of coal mine and the continuous improvement of mechanization, heat damage has become one of the major disasters in coal mine exploitation. Established the temperature prediction models suitable for different kinds of tunnels through analysis of the heat of shafts, roadways and working faces. The average annual air temperature prediction equation from the inlets of shafts to the working faces was derived. The formula was deduced using combine method of iteration and direct calculation. The method can improve the precision of air temperature prediction, so we could establish the whole pathway air temperature prediction model with high precision. Emphasizing on the effects of leakage air to air temperature of working face and using the ideology of the finite difference method and considering the differential equation of inlet and outlet at different stages, this method can significantly improve the accuracy of temperature prediction. Program development uses Visual Basic 6.0 Language, and the Origin software was used to fit the relevant data. The predicted results shows that the air temperature generally tends to rapidly increase in the air inlet, then changes slowly on working face, and finally increases sharply in air outlet in the condition of goaf air leakage. The condition is in general consistent with the air temperature change tendency of working face with U-type ventilation system. The software can provide reliable scientific basis for reasonable ventilation, cooling measures and management of coal mine thermal hazards.

Evidence-based nursing of postoperative complications after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To study the best nusing care for postoperative complications of percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods 203 patients with coronary heart disease were selected, evidence- based nursing theory was used to find domestic related literature, looking for the best nursing programs for related complications after percutaneous coronary intervention, and applied to postoperative complications of percutaneous coronary intervention in nursing practice. Results After evidence- based nursing, the prognosis of complications was improved, the hospitalization time was shortened and satisfaction degree of patients was increased. Conclusions Reasonable evidence-based nursing plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications of percutaneous coronary intervention and improving prognosis. Evidence-based nursing care provides a reliable scientific basis for clinical decision- making and meets higher requirements of the patients for nursing care quality and professional compe-tence of nursing staff. Key words: Percutaneous coronary intervention; Complication; Evidence-based nursing

Improved GM (1, 1) Model in the Economic Growth Forecast of Qinghai

GDP and industrial investment funds-added are two major factors of measuring economic development for certain countries or regions. In this paper, we use gross domestic product and industrial investment funds as original data from Qinghai Province (2005-2009), and design an improved GM (1, 1) model which is based on the traditional Gray System to analyze and forecast the overall economic growth of Qinghai Province. The improved GM (1, 1) model not only maintains the advantages of simple calculation method, but also greatly improves the traditional GM (1, 1) model to make prediction more accuracy. The experimental results show that this method using improved GM (1, 1) model is high prediction accuracy in forecasting economic growth of Qinghai province. This method is very practical, and it can provide reliable scientific basis for local government to make right directions behind economic growth and industrial development in that region.

Abstracts: Comparison of hydration, tyrosinase resistance, and antioxidant activation in three kinds of pearl powders

In recent years, people have bred freshwater pearls as a substitute for natural pearls that occur in seawater, and they have also developed water-soluble pearl powder (P-w) and ultra-micro (P-mu) and ultra-nano pearl powder (P-n) products. However, neither the scientific value of pearl powder, nor the differences in efficiencies of different pearl powder products is still unknown. In this study, the effectiveness of three kinds of pearl powder products in various applications was compared. Tests for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and evaluations of the skin surface hydration of test subjects showed that pearl powder has a satisfactory moisturizing effect on skin and that P-mu has a distinctly stronger moisturizing effect than P-w. The three pearl powder products can also significantly reduce the activation of tyrosinase and free radicals. In tests for reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for scavenging free radicals, P-n and P-mu showed better performance than P-w. These results provide a reliable scientific basis for the use of pearl powder in beauty treatment, resistance to aging, and clinical medical treatment.

The Application of “Three-Box” Energy Analysis Method on the Combined-Station

Aim at energy consumption for oil production increased year by year and the generally low energy utilization. this paper is based on the model of three-box energy analysis, take the oil gathering and transferring system of the 4th combined-station of Shuguang Oil Production as the object of study, established the "three-box" combinative energy model, analysed and evaluated of its energy usage and found out the weak links of energy usage in the system. The evaluation results indicate that the energy utilization of the 4th combined-station of Shuguang Oil Production system is low, the major parts of energy loss are in a furnace, tanks, pipe network and pumps. The study provides a reliable scientific basis for the energy saving reform of gathering and transferring system of oilfields.

New areas in the development of the technology of purifying natural water of finely-dispersed lyophilic impurities by flocculation and floatation

Based on the analysis of the latest advances in the area of water treatment it has been shown that flocculation and floatation are powerful methods of suspension separation and water treatment. Over the last three decades these methods acquired a reliable scientific basis created by the scientists from many fields of science including: colloid chemistry, physical-chemistry of surface, physical-chemical hydrodynamics, physics and chemistry of capillary phenomena, surface forces, and stability of colloids. As a result, we have obtained an explanation of many effects of floatation and flocculation, which until now were not clear or difficult to explain. Thanks to the development of knowledge at the boundary sections of scientific disciplines we managed to create a strong basis for the development of new highly effective water treatment technologies referred to as ultraflocculation and turbulent microfloatation.

Strategic studies on the biodiversity sustainability in Yunnan Province, Southwest China

With an area of 394,000 km2 (4.1% of China’s total area) and specific diversified geographical environments, Yunnan houses over 18,000 species of higher plants (51.6% of China’s total), 1,836 vertebrate species (54.8% of China’s total) and multitudinous species of rare, endemic and epibiotic wildlife, ranking first in species richness value and endemicity rate of China’s biodiversity, thus becoming a rare gene bank of wildlife species with the most concentrated distribution of important wildlife taxa and a key terrestrial biodiversity region of global significance. Despite its evident abundance and endemism, however, the biodiversity is faced with threats of ecological fragility and human disturbances in socioeconomic development resulting in attenuation of biodiversity, degradation of ecosystems and serious loss of species, thus, it needs to be carefully studied for its sustainability. Based on the analyses of the geographical diversity, the macro material bases of Yunnan’s biodiversity were reviewed and six characteristics of the provincial biodiversity were described in the ecosystems, forest types, species compositions, endemic species, genetic resources, etc. By appraising the present status of the provincial biodiversity conservation, the facts that the biodiversity coexisted with fragility were revealed so that eight key disadvantageous factors in the provincial ecological fragility causing serious biodiversity loss were summarized and described in this paper. In order to satisfy the two-fold needs of biodiversity sustainability and socioeconomic development, eight strategies for the sustainable development were intensively elaborated by borrowing certain theories in modern conservation biology, recycling economics and some successful innovations, and by giving comprehensive consideration to the ecological fragility mechanism, nature reserve construction, environmental protection and the exploitability of resources for biodiversity sustainability and socioeconomic development. Accordingly, relevant targets, principles, tactics and measures for effective biodiversity conservation and sustainability were suggested to lay a solid theoretical foundation and reliable scientific basis for the biodiversity and socioeconomic sustainable development.

What's All The Buzz about?

Although the influential role of word-of-mouth communication has been known for decades, a more recent phenomenon is the emergence of explicit organizational efforts to stimulate “buzz” (contagious talk about a brand, service, product, or idea). Buzz marketing organizations either pay people, or seek volunteers, to try new brands and then have agents “talk them up” among their social networks. This article contends that the practice of buzz marketing is usefully framed within the study of everyday communication, which has shown considerable growth in the field of communication studies over the past decade. This framework provides a reliable scientific source and basis on which to base further claims about the effectiveness and ethics of buzz marketing.

Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature

Without a virus culture system, genetic analysis becomes the principal method to classify norovirus (NoV) strains. Currently, classification of NoV strains beneath the species level has been based on sequences from different regions of the viral genome. As a result, the phylogenetic insights of some virus were not appropriately interpreted, and no consensus has been reached to establish a uniform classification scheme. To provide a consistent and reliable scientific basis for classifying NoVs, we analyzed the amino acid sequences for the major capsid protein of 164 NoV strains by first using an alignment based on the predicted 3D structures. A Bayesian tree was generated, and the maximum likelihood pairwise distances of the aligned sequences were used to evaluate the results from the uncorrected pairwise distance method. Analyses of the pairwise distances demonstrated three clearly resolved peaks, suggesting that NoV strains beneath the species level can be classified at three levels: strain (S), cluster (C), and genogroup (G). The uncorrected pairwise distance ranges for S, C, and G were 0–14.1%, 14.3–43.8%, and 44.9–61.4%, respectively. A scheme with 29 genetic clusters [8 in genogroup 1 (G1), 17 in G2, 2 in G3, and 1 each in G4 and G5] was defined on the basis of the tree topology with the standards provided and was supported by the distance analysis. Of these, five clusters in G2 and one in G1 are newly described. This analysis can serve as the basis for a standardized nomenclature to genetically describe NoV strains.