Reliable Supply Research Articles

TRACKING MAP UNTUK MONITORING GANGGUAN JTR PADA NH FUSE GARDU DISTRIBUSI

This research develops an IoT-based fault monitoring system for Low Voltage (LV) Networks using a tracking map on NH fuses, aiming to improve response time efficiency and fault detection accuracy. The system integrates sensors with a web-based platform to monitor and visualize fault locations in real-time. Test results indicate that the system is capable of detecting faults with high accuracy, with detection errors as low as 0% to 0.32%. The response time for fault detection ranges from 0.5 to 1 second, significantly faster than conventional methods. As a result, fault recovery time can be accelerated by 30-40%, potentially enhancing the reliability of the power supply. Additionally, the use of IoT technology allows more efficient monitoring and quicker response to faults, enabling faster repair processes and minimizing downtime. Although the system demonstrates promising results, the study also identifies areas for further development, particularly in integrating it with more complex distribution management systems and enhancing data analytics. Overall, the proposed system offers an innovative solution for mitigating faults in LV networks, improving reliability, and increasing operational efficiency in power distribution systems

Wireless Communication based Water Surface Cleaning Boat

—It is very dreadful that huge liters of excrement are being deposited into the rivers across our country. The pollutants and toxins are assisting the amassing of the toxicant in water thus affecting aquatic life. Only when the detritus floating above the water bodies become persistent, the governments’ plan of action is set about and unfortunately by that time, the life cycle in that water body breaks. This research work focuses on deploying a solution for the unfavorable effects on the floating refuse, and henceforth reduces the pollution caused due to the unsettled wastes including plastics and plant weeds. The project aims to develop a waste collecting boat to scavenge the water body and abolish the floating waste. This is done by employing a conveyor belt connected to the front line of the boat. Boat movement is established using a remotecontrol application by incorporating an RF module along with an encoder-decoder pair. This method will reduce the cost of operation because of less human involvement and labor. Major challenges in implementing the boat are compact mechanical design and reliable power supply. The principle feature of this boat is the collection of refuse and floating weeds from the surface of the water into a basket which is removable [2]. Key Words: IoT (Internet of Things), Water Surface Cleaning, Gear Motors, Conveyor System, Arduino Uno, IR Sensors, Boat Controller, Arduino IoT Cloud, Garbage Collection, Autonomous Navigation, Remote Monitoring, Environmental Cleanup, Sustainability, Pollution Control, Scalable Solution, Real-time Feedback, Smart Technologies, Automation, Water Pollution, Adaptive Systems

Reliable, cost-effective and sustainable water supply

Reliable, cost-effective and sustainable water supply

Analysis of power load composition and study on countermeasures for orderly use of electricity

The electric power industry is the foundational industry of national economic construction and is closely associated with people's lives. The development and improvement of the economy have led to this. Moreover, society has increasingly higher demands for the reliability of power supply and the qualification rate of voltage. Power load control technology is a comprehensive use of modern management, automatic control, computer application and other disciplines to carry out power marketing management, power marketing monitoring, business copy and collection, data collection and other activities of a technology, and substation as a local industrial and agricultural production, life power supply base, the rationality of its design will directly affect the local economic development. To build a new type of power system, achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, realize the flexible interaction of the new type of power system load, and meet the requirements of the digital transformation of power load management, this paper examines the architecture of the new type of power load management system from the perspective of the concept of the new type of power load management system. Then it focuses on the analysis of several key information and communication technologies, including cloud computing technology and artificial intelligence technology, which support the new power load management system in the power load management system, and introduces the composition of the load management system and the application algorithm, and finally puts forward the future development of the new power

Hybrid stochastic and robust optimization of a hybrid system with fuel cell for building electrification using an improved arithmetic optimization algorithm

This paper proposes a hybrid stochastic-robust optimization framework for sizing a photovoltaic/tidal/fuel cell (PV/TDL/FC) system to meet an annual educational building demand based on hydrogen storage via unscented transformation (UT), and information gap decision theory-based risk-averse strategy (IGDT-RA). The hybrid framework integrates the strengths of UT for scenario generation and IGDT-RA (hybrid UT-IGDT-RA) for optimizing the system robustness and maximum uncertainty radius (MRU) of building energy demand and renewable resource generation. The deterministic model focuses on minimizing the cost of energy production over the project’s lifespan (CEPLS) and considers a reliability constraint defined as the demand shortage probability (DSHP). The study utilizes an improved arithmetic optimization algorithm (IAOA) to optimize component sizes and MRUs, incorporating a neighborhood search operator to enhance performance and prevent premature convergence. The deterministic findings revealed that the PV/TDL/FC system configuration offers the lowest CEPLS and the highest reliability level (lowest DSHP) compared to the hybrid PV/FC and TDL/FC configurations. Additionally, these results indicated that enhancing the reliability of the energy supply for the educational building entails higher CEPLS, particularly due to increased costs associated with hydrogen storage. The robust framework findings for the PV/TDL/FC system using IGDT-RA show that for an uncertainty budget of 21%, the MRUs for educational building demand and renewable generation are obtained at 10.34% and 2.65%, respectively, which are higher compared to other configurations. This indicates that the hybrid PV/TDL/FC system is more robust in handling worst-case scenario uncertainties. Furthermore, the hybrid UT-IGDT-RA outcomes found that the stochastic scenarios incorporated to simulate a range of uncertainties beyond the conventional IGDT-RA based-nominal scenario, and it provides a broader range of robust solutions, enabling operators to align strategies with their risk tolerance and improves system flexibility, and decision-making precision in the face of uncertainties.

Research on Typical Process Mini Programs for Overhead Distribution Lines based on Non Power Outage Operation Technology in Distribution Network

To address the challenges and risks associated with the complex design of distribution network architecture, uneven skill levels of construction personnel, and inadequate training of construction personnel, this article proposes a typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of distribution networks. Through requirement analysis, the functions of the mini program were determined, and the front-end and system back-end functions of a typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of the distribution network were designed. Based on the development architecture of the mini program and combined with cloud services, a typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of the distribution network has been developed. The establishment of a typical process library and knowledge base for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of the distribution network has been achieved, making it convenient for users to search, learn, and collect typical processes in a timely manner, and to learn and apply them to maintenance sites anytime, anywhere. The typical process mini program for overhead distribution lines based on uninterrupted operation of distribution network lays the foundation for better leveraging the technical advantages of uninterrupted operation of distribution network, further improving the reliability of distribution network power supply, and ensuring the accuracy of uninterrupted operation of distribution network.

Study of thermohydrodynamic processes in the air environment in the system of melting ice on the wires of the power transmission line

The paper considers issues related to modeling thermal and hydrodynamic processes in the "wire – ice shell – air" system that occur during melting of ice on wires. The problem of ice shell growth on the surface of power transmission line wires has been known for a long time, and many works in the field of ice growth control and technical means of combating this phenomenon are devoted to its solution. Recently, works have appeared on melting systems that operate without disconnecting lines from consumers, which increases the reliability and uninterruptible power supply, reduces economic losses from undersupply of products during power supply interruptions. The process of ice melting can occur under conditions of heating the conductors with a high current to a steady positive temperature until the ice shell is destroyed. In this case, switching to the melting mode is carried out for a short period of time. An alternative to this method is to combine power supply to consumers and ice melting. In this case, the heat generation capacity in the wires is less, the melting time is increased, but there is no need to disconnect consumers. The problem of maintaining the line in the operating mode of transmitting electric energy to consumers is solved by additionally loading the line with reactive currents by connecting a certain inductive load. The increase in currents and power coming from the supply transformer to the line must be technically feasible so as not to overload the source and not cause its shutdown. Due to power limitations, it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations of thermal processes to determine acceptable modes of melting the ice layer. Complex modeling of thermohydrodynamic processes in the "wire – ice shell – air" system is considered. Several methods for determining the coefficients of convective heat exchange at the boundaries of the conductor at different wind speeds are considered.

Learning Coupled Meteorological Characteristics Aids Short-Term Photovoltaic Interval Prediction Methods

In response to the challenges posed by renewable energy integration, this study introduces a hybrid Attention-TCN-LSTM model for short-term photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting. The LSTM captures the sequence characteristics of PV output, which are then combined with the meteorological sequence features extracted by the Attention-TCN module. The model leverages the strengths of the TCN, the LSTM, and the self-attention mechanism to enhance prediction accuracy and construct reliable prediction intervals. Aiming to optimize both performance and efficiency, the PSO algorithm is used for hyperparameter optimization. Ablation studies and comparisons with other models confirm the effectiveness, accuracy and robustness of the proposed model. This hybrid approach contributes to improved renewable energy integration, offering a more stable and reliable energy supply. Future work will focus on incorporating intelligent systems for autonomous risk management and real-time control of dynamic PV output fluctuations.

Recent progress in electrochemical recycling of waste NdFeB magnets.

Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets are critical components in green energy technologies and have received increasing attention due to the limited availability of the raw materials, specifically rare earth elements (REEs). The supply risks associated with primary mining of RE ores, which have significant environmental impacts, underscore the necessity for recycling RE secondary resources. Waste NdFeB magnets, generated during manufacturing processes and recovered from end-of-life products, represent valuable RE secondary resources. Recycling these materials can ensure a reliable and sustainable supply of REEs. Compared to conventional metallurgical processes, electrochemical strategies offer advantages such as high efficiency, selectivity, ease of operation, and environmental friendliness. This review presents an overview of the current status and future prospects of electrochemical technologies for recovering RE metals, alloys, or compounds from waste NdFeB magnets. Special emphasis is placed on molten salt electrolysis and room-temperature electrolysis, including detailed reaction mechanisms involved in the recycling processes. Additionally, challenges and future strategies for the electrochemical recycling of waste NdFeB magnets, focusing on environmental impact evaluation, efficient recovery, and reduced reagent consumption are proposed.

Multi-objective optimization and algorithmic evaluation for EMS in a HRES integrating PV, wind, and backup storage

This manuscript focuses on optimizing a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines (WT), and various energy storage systems (ESS), including batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and hydrogen storage. The system uses a multi-objective optimization strategy to balance power management, aiming to minimize costs and reduce the likelihood of loss of power supply probability (LPSP). Seven different algorithms are assessed to identify the most efficient one for achieving these objectives, with the goal of selecting the algorithm that best balances cost efficiency and system performance. The system is assessed across three operational scenarios: (1) when energy supply meets demand with help from backup systems, (2) when demand exceeds supply and energy storage systems are depleted, and (3) when energy generation surpasses demand and storage systems are full. The HBA-based optimization effectively manages energy flow and storage, ensuring grid stability and minimizing overcharging risks. This system offers a reliable and sustainable power supply for isolated microgrids, effectively managing energy production, storage, and distribution. The research sets a new benchmark for future studies in decentralized energy systems, particularly in balancing technical efficiency and economic feasibility.

Green energy systems for powering electric vehicles considering telecommunication system with case study of Pakistan

The objective is to analyze the sustainability and efficiency of Pakistan’s telecommunication sector by developing a framework for base transceiver stations integrating renewable energy and charging stations. Various renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass and hydropower were considered as the object of research. The following methodological steps were implemented in this work: site analysis; determination of optimal sizing of plants, energy storage systems and electric vehicle charging stations; cost-benefit analysis methods; greenhouse gas emissions estimation; and system design methods for integrating selected renewable energy sources and energy storage solutions, taking into account the operational requirements of the base transceiver stations. It is found that switching to hybrid renewable energy systems can significantly reduce dependence on diesel generators. It is shown that operating costs can be reduced by more than 80% compared to conventional diesel-fueled systems. Also, the introduction of hybrid renewable energy sources can lead to significant reductions in CO2 emissions. The integration of battery storage systems has been shown to improve the reliability of energy supply by ensuring uninterrupted operation during periods of high demand and blackouts. The proposed structure scheme for base transceiver stations is designed to accommodate future growth in the share of electric vehicles and technological advancements in renewable energy and electric vehicle charging. By prioritizing the integration of renewable technologies along with charging station infrastructure, telecom service providers in Pakistan can reduce their carbon footprint and operational costs. This approach not only addresses the unpredictability of the electricity grid, especially in rural areas, but also positions the telecoms sector as an active participant in global efforts to combat climate change.

RENEWABLE ENERGY AS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY FACTOR UNDER GLOBAL TRADE OPENNESS

The key to this study is to explore the relation between renewable energy and trade openness under climate change impacts on international trade. This study is based on the analyses of trade openness index and the Notre Dame-Global Adaptation Index in measures of research of the transfer of renewable energy technologies globally, promotion of the growth of renewable energy share, and the country's current vulnerability to climate disruptions. Research is focused on evaluation of low-carbon trade, analysis of renewable heat, and estimation of the impact of renewable energy on trade openness under climate disruptions. Research verified that development of renewable energy can reduce the human impact on climate change, but such technologies are not available to all countries; because of this, different countries may be affected by climate change to varying degrees. The implementation of renewable energy technologies should help countries become more resilient to climate change through the availability of appropriate means of producing renewable energy; however, this is possible subject to the country's openness to the arrival of goods and technologies from outside-increasing trade openness level. Countries with open and competitive markets are more inclusive to adopt and support the renewable energy technologies and their development. From another position, development of trade and deep integration of economy can create external dependence on imported energy sources and block the development of domestic renewable energy sectors. The economic challenges in the field of renewable energy need the focus of governments and policy makers on supporting the stability of renewable generation facilities, increasing the reliability of energy supply, protection from seasonal changes in demand for electricity, support of the energy cooperatives and private consumers of renewable energy, and transition the public transport sector for renewable energy sources. Further research in this direction has prospects, because globalization is a stable trend of recent decades, and allows for an even distribution of efforts to produce various products and provide them to the population, but decarbonization potential of renewable energy production is untapped as fossil fuels dominate in largest world markets.

Reliable, cost-effective and sustainable water supply.

Reliable, cost-effective and sustainable water supply.

Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) for Floating Lift Net Powered by Hybrid Energy Source

The increasing demand for renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels has driven innovations in hybrid power systems. This study focuses on optimizing a hybrid energy system for a floating lift net utilizing solar panels (photovoltaic) and a backup generator managed by an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). The ATS system is designed to automatically switch to the backup generator when the primary photovoltaic system drops below a preset voltage threshold of 10V. Additionally, a Visual Basic monitoring system was developed to track key parameters, including battery capacity and the output voltage from both the main and backup systems. The results show significant fuel savings and reliable energy supply using the hybrid system on a floating lift net.

Fragmented markets for older antibiotics and child formulations, Denmark, Norway, Sweden.

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most urgent threats to public health. The development of antibiotic resistance can be reduced by the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics that target specific bacteria, meaning that fewer non-harmful bacteria are killed and other harmful bacteria are not exposed to selection pressure. However, many narrow-spectrum antibiotics were introduced decades ago and therefore lack regulatory documentation in line with current standards. An additional problem for a reliable supply is that of market fragmentation, where countries with similar resistance patterns and prescribing cultures (e.g. Norway and Sweden) prioritize different formulations and strengths. For example, over half of Sweden's highest priority paediatric antibiotics are not marketed in Denmark or Norway in the same formulations or dosages. Such market fragmentation, which can result in the annual demand of a country being smaller than batch production sizes, means that specific strengths and formulations may no longer be economical to supply. Further, once an antibiotic has been withdrawn from the market, it is difficult to attract a new supplier because of the cost of the clinical trials required to update approval of the drug. However, as resistance to antibiotics increases among populations, clinicians need access to the maximum possible range of antibiotics. Regional collaboration, that is, the harmonization of essential medicines lists (including strengths and formulations for older antibiotics) between countries, is a recommended first step towards reliable access to the necessary range of antibiotics.

THE IMPACT OF 5TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TECHNOLOGIES ON ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: IMPROVING DIVERSITY AND INCLUSIVE SERVICES IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING

This study investigates the impact of Fifth Industrial Revolution (5th IR) technologies on enhancing diversity and inclusive services in Open and Distance Learning libraries. Using a descriptive design, the research focused on librarians at the National Open University of Nigeria, with data collected through a Google Form questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using SPSS and linear regression to test hypotheses. Findings revealed that librarians believe 5th IR technology improves data extraction, processing, and service efficiency (mean score 3.44, SD = 0.586). The study identifies key implementation strategies, including awareness-raising, curriculum updates, training, collaboration, and skill enhancement. It emphasizes the importance of funding, reliable power supply, and collaboration for effective 5th IR adoption. The study underscores the potential for human-machine partnerships to automate tasks and foster connectivity, suggesting an optimistic outlook for the 5th IR’s role in promoting inclusive, customized library services in academic and distance learning environments.

Justification of the scheme of melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines

The article discusses an urgent problem related to the formation of ice and frost deposits on the wires of overhead power lines, which causes significant technical difficulties in ensuring the reliability of power supply, especially in winter. The accumulation of ice and frost on the wires leads to an increase in the weight of the wires, which can cause them to sag, damage insulators, destroy poles, and, as a result, serious accidents on power lines. The causes of accidents in power grids due to ice and frost deposits are analyzed and it is found that their elimination will reduce the probability of damage to overhead power lines from the action of ice loads. However, existing methods of dealing with this problem have a number of disadvantages, such as high cost, low efficiency in certain conditions, and negative environmental impact. The article presents a scheme for melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines by the method of a three-phase short circuit when powered by a power source with a solidly grounded and isolated neutral. This scheme makes it possible to locally increase the temperature of wires to a level sufficient to melt ice and frost, which reduces the risk of emergencies and ensures the uninterrupted operation of the electrical grid. The article provides theoretical justifications for the scheme for melting ice with three-phase short-circuit currents, which confirm its effectiveness. The analysis has shown that the proposed scheme is economically feasible, as it reduces the cost of maintenance and repair of overhead power lines. In addition, it is environmentally friendly, as it does not involve the use of chemicals. Thus, the proposed scheme for melting ice on the wires of overhead power lines is a promising solution for improving the reliability and safety of power supply in winter weather conditions. Its application can significantly increase the efficiency of power grid operation, reduce the number of accidents, and improve the stability of power supply to consumers.

The relevance of the issue of increasing the energy efficiency of the electricity conversion process in the current conditions of operation of the electricity distribution networks of Ukraine

The work sets out the basic conditions for the functioning of Ukrainian electric networks, including: the need to comply with the requirements of European integration; functioning in conditions of a deficit in generating capacity and market relations; changing the nature of electricity consumption; wear and tear of electric network equipment. The tasks that are associated with the conditions for functioning and require solutions for the reliable functioning of electric networks and further activities of Ukraine as a member of the European Union are indicated. The main tasks set out in the work include: improving the reliability of electricity supply; the need to increase the level of informatization, automation and energy efficiency. It is noted that on the way to solving the set tasks, the implementation of work on the reconstruction of electric networks is carried out, the basis for financing which is investment programs. The issue of improving the energy efficiency of the process of transforming electric energy under the current conditions of the functioning of the Ukrainian electric networks is revealed and analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it is established that the issue of improving the energy efficiency of the process of transforming electric energy is relevant at the time of reconstructing electric networks. It is indicated that the analysis of the energy efficiency of transforming electric energy can be carried out on the basis of a technical and economic model of the costs of transforming electric energy and the parameters that affect the size of the costs. It is noted that in the case of presenting the parameters included in the technical and economic models of costs for the transformation of electrical energy in the form of separate components, a competing effect is observed between the components. It is noted that the advisability of the formulation of general calculation methods for calculating the economic component during the review of the nominal power of transformers.

Research on the Forecasting of Electricity Demand in India State Maharashtra

This study centers on forecasting the electricity demand in the Indian state of Maharashtra. In the context of rapid technological and economic development, the demand for basic raw materials and energy is on the rise. Moreover, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has imposed supply constraints, making the prediction of electricity demand of utmost importance. Various approaches have been utilized in this field; however, existing studies often lack specificity and tend to be overly general. This research employs time series analysis, sourcing data from POSOCO. The ARIMA model is selected, and its parameters are determined through multiple rounds of testing. The results demonstrate that the ARIMA (1,0,1) model effectively fits the data, offering valuable insights. Overall, this study presents short-term forecasting and emphasizes the necessity of conducting specific and comprehensive analysis for the Intelligent Power System. Such analysis is crucial for optimizing power generation, distribution, and consumption, ensuring the stability and reliability of the power supply in Maharashtra. It also provides a foundation for decision-making in power system planning and management, enabling stakeholders to make informed choices regarding infrastructure investment and resource allocation. Additionally, the study's findings can contribute to the development of more efficient energy policies and strategies, promoting sustainable economic growth and social development in the region.

Generalizable Solar Irradiance Prediction for Battery Operation Optimization in IoT-Based Microgrid Environments

The reliance on fossil fuels as a primary global energy source has significantly impacted the environment, contributing to pollution and climate change. A shift towards renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, is underway, though these sources face challenges due to their inherent intermittency. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) play a crucial role in mitigating this intermittency, ensuring a reliable power supply when solar generation is insufficient. The objective of this paper is to accurately predict the solar irradiance for battery operation optimization in microgrids. Using satellite data from weather sensors, we trained machine learning models to enhance solar irradiance predictions. We evaluated five popular machine learning algorithms and applied ensemble methods, achieving a substantial improvement in predictive accuracy. Our model outperforms previous works using the same dataset and has been validated to generalize across diverse geographical locations in Florida. This work demonstrates the potential of AI-assisted data-driven approaches to support sustainable energy management in solar-powered IoT-based microgrids.