Reliability Of Scores Research Articles

A valid and reliable self-peace scale with indicators of love, care and fearlessness for adolescent drug users

Self-peace is a crucial component for individuals/teenagers/students to live happily and recover from drug use. However, self-peace isn't wholly owned by individuals affected by drug use or recovering from drugs. Peace counsellors measure self-peace as a form of the addiction counsellor's role in the growth of self-peace due to drug use. This research aims to develop a valid and reliable self-peace scale. The research method uses a sequential exploratory mixed method from the qualitative data analysis process supported by quantitative data. The research targets were three expert validators and N=151 subjects among students/individuals/adolescents. Qualitative descriptive analysis compiles grids and statement items and provides expert input in developing the self-peace scale. Quantitative data analysis from the expert assessment with Aikan-V and instrument testing with confirmatory factor analysis will be used to determine the validity and reliability of the self-peace scale. The results of the data analysis compiled a blueprint of the peace scale (sub-aspects of caring, courage and love) and 12 statement items that were included in the very feasible category (Aikan-V ≥0.888). Validity of statement items with 12 valid statement items with factor loading ≥0.5, KMO=0.793 ≥0.50, reliability score 0.842 (high criteria). School counsellors can use student problem assessments to analyze student problems and needs. Counsellors, psychologists and researchers can use the self-peace scale to determine the development of an individual's self-peace to recover from drug use with four answer choices. The analysis results can be applied to further intervention in peace counselling. Keywords: self-peace, scale, validity, reliability

Performing the Garcia Score for Accuracy and Reliability

Reliable, sensitive, and accurate tests are needed to assess animal models of brain injury. The Garcia score is a neuro behavioral measure that has been used in many murine studies. However, despite its widespread use, there are no detailed video descriptions of the steps to properly perform and grade the Garcia test on rats. Consequently, there has been significant variation in its performance and reliability, calling for greater standardization. The Garcia score is comprised of six measures: spontaneous activity, symmetry in the four limbs, fore paw outstretching, climbing, body sensation, and response to vibrissae touch. Each component is scored with a minimum of zero or one and a maximum of three, with the highest total score of 18. This report systematically and clearly describes how each component of the Garcia score is performed and graded with an accompanying video illustration. The purpose of this report is to assist researchers in implementing the Garcia test and to help standardize the use of this measure across studies.

Validity and reliability of the chronic composite XA, an upper limb motor assessment using Active Range of Motion in patients with chronic stroke.

Upper limb (UL) spastic paresis has been classically evaluated with assessments of passive movements with limited functional validity. The aim of this study was to assess whether a composite measure of active range of motion (AROM, or X<inf>A</inf>) is valid and reliable in chronic post-stroke spastic paresis. The primary objective was to investigate the validity and reliability of a composite score, comprising multiple X<inf>A</inf> measurements, to assess UL spastic paresis in patients in chronic stages post-stroke. In addition to this, an exploratory analysis was conducted to identify which muscles should be optimally included in this composite score. A psychometric proprieties study. Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department. twenty-eight chronic post-stroke participants with spastic paresis. Composite UL X<inf>A</inf> measurement in twenty-eight chronic post-stroke participants (age=59±11 years; delay post-stroke=29±37 months) with spastic paresis was repeated twice about 40 days apart in a standardized body position. Concurrent and construct validity was evaluated exploring correlation with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and grip strength (JAMAR™). Reliability was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Regarding the exploratory analysis, a linear regression analysis was performed to examine the value of including various muscles. Composite X<inf>A</inf> against the resistance of elbow, wrist and finger flexors showed strong correlation with FMA-UE and ARAT (r=0.88; P<0.001 and r=0.82; P<0.001 respectively) and a weak association with grip strength (r=0.43; P=0.03). Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC=0.92). However, the most effective regression model also included X<inf>A</inf> against the resistance of shoulder adductors as well as forearm pronator (adjusted R2=0.85; AIC=170). The present study provided satisfactory psychometric data for the upper limb composite active movement (CX<inf>A</inf>), derived from the Five Step Assessment. For overall measurement of UL mobility after stroke, we strongly recommend including shoulder and forearm muscles to the score. Composite X<inf>A</inf> is a valid and reliable measure of upper limb motor function in chronic post-stroke patients and could be used in clinical practice and research.

Bloodstream infection: Derivation and validation of a reliable and multidimensional prognostic score based on a machine learning model (BLISCO)

A bloodstream infection (BSI) prognostic score applicable at the time of blood culturecollection is missing. In total, 4,327 patients with BSIs were included, divided into a derivation (80%) and a validation dataset (20%). Forty-two variables among host-related, demographic, epidemiological, clinical, andlaboratory extracted from the electronic health records were analyzed. Logistic regression was chosen for predictive scoring. The 14-day mortality model included age, body temperature, blood urea nitrogen, respiratory insufficiency, plateletcount, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and consciousness status: a score of ≥6 was correlated to a 14-day mortality rate of 15% with a sensitivity of 0.742, a specificity of 0.727, and an area under the curve of0.783. The 30-day mortality model further included cardiovascular diseases: a score of ≥6 predicting 30-day mortality rate of 15% with a sensitivity of 0.691, a specificity of 0.699, and an area under the curve of0.697. A quick mortality score could represent a valid support for prognosis assessment and resources prioritizing for patients with BSIs not admitted inthe intensive care unit.

Psychometric Properties of Scales Assessing Psychosocial Determinants of Staff Compliance with Surgical Site Infection Prevention: The WACH-Study.

Psychosocial determinants influence healthcare workers' compliance with surgical site infection (SSI) preventive interventions. In order to design needs-based interventions promoting compliance, such determinants must first be assessed using valid and reliable questionnaire scales. To compare professional groups without bias, the scales must also be measurement-equivalent. We examine the validity/reliability and measurement equivalence of four scales using data from physicians and nurses from outside the university sector. Additionally, we explore associations with self-reported SSI preventive compliance. N = 90 physicians and N = 193 nurses (response rate: 31.5%) from nine general/visceral or orthopedic/trauma surgery departments in six non-university hospitals in Germany participated. A written questionnaire was used to assess the compliance with SSI preventive interventions and the determinants of compliance based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior-Model. Psychometric testing involved single- and multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses, and explorative analyses used t-tests and multiple linear regression. The scales assessing individual determinants of compliance (capability, motivation, and planning) were found to be reliable (each Cronbach's α ≥ 0.85) and valid (each Root-Mean-Square-Error of Approximation ≤ 0.065, each Comparative-Fit-Index = 0.95) and revealed measurement equivalence for physicians and nurses. The scale assessing external determinants (opportunity) did not demonstrate validity, reliability, or measurement equivalence. Group differences were found neither in compliance (p = 0.627) nor determinants (p = 0.192; p = 0.866; p = 0.964). Capability (β = 0.301) and planning (β = 0.201) showed associations with compliance for nurses only. The scales assessing motivation, capability, and planning regarding SSI preventive compliance provided reliable and valid scores for physicians and nurses in surgery. Measurement equivalence allows group comparisons of scale means to be interpreted without bias.

Validating the CHAMPS Score: A Novel and Reliable Prognostic Score of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

The Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥2, in-Hospital onset, Albumin <2.5 g/dL, altered Mental status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status ≥2, Steroid use (CHAMPS) score is a novel and promising prognostic tool. We present an initial external validation of the CHAMPS score for predicting mortality in acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) across multiple clinical outcomes. A prospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with NVUGIB admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology between November 2022 and June 2023. The CHAMPS score performance in predicting in-hospital outcomes was evaluated by employing area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves, followed by a comparative analysis with five pre-existing scores. A total of 140 patients were included in the study. The CHAMPS score showed its highest performance in predicting mortality rates (AUROC = 0.89), significantly outperforming the Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS) as well as the Albumin level <3.0 mg/dL, International normalized ratio >1.5, altered Mental status, Systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg, and age >65 years (AIMS65) score (AUROC = 0.72 and 0.71, respectively; all p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis for bleeding-related and non-bleeding-related mortality further confirmed the robust predictive capability of the CHAMPS score (AUROC = 0.88 and 0.87, respectively). The CHAMPS score failed to predict rebleeding and intervention reliably, exhibiting AUROC values of 0.43 and 0.55, respectively. The optimal CHAMPS score cutoff value for predicting mortality was 3 points, achieving 100% sensitivity and 71.2% specificity. In the low-risk category defined by both CHAMPS and GBS scores, mortality and rebleeding rates were 0%. However, within the CHAMPS score-based low-risk group, 58.8% required intervention, contrasting with a 0% intervention rate for the GBS score-based low-risk group (GBS score ≤1). The CHAMPS score consistently demonstrated a robust predictive performance for mortality (AUROC > 0.8), facilitating the identification of high-risk patients requiring aggressive treatment and low-risk patients in need of localized treatment or safe discharge after successful bleeding control.

Taking ACTion for anxiety and depression: A pilot study of a brief virtual Acceptance and commitment therapy group in primary care

Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions are well-suited to facilitate timely access to effective treatment for patients experiencing common mental health concerns. This study piloted a 4-session virtual ACT group for primary care patients experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety (n = 21). Changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety, psychological flexibility, and quality of life (QoL) were examined at post-treatment and at 1- and 3-month follow-up. At a group level, there were significant reductions in symptoms of depression for all time points and symptoms of anxiety were significantly reduced at 1- and 3-month follow-up. Measures of psychological flexibility and QoL were significantly improved at 1- and 3-month follow-up. Reliable change index scores revealed high proportions of individual improvement for depression and anxiety symptoms (56–83% across time points). Proportions of reliable change ranged from 25 to 50% for measures of psychological flexibility and QoL at 1- and 3-month follow-up. Overall, these results are comparable with previously reported rates of improvement for empirically supported treatments and provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of this brief ACT intervention delivered in a community setting.

Utilizing Maternal Morbidity as a Novel Screening (MMS) Tool for Predicting Peripartum Morbidity at a Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Central India.

Background The majority of complications and deaths related to childbirth are concentrated in developing and disadvantaged nations, where the rates are unacceptably elevated. These incidents predominantly occur in the vicinity during the intrapartum period and immediately after childbirth. The peripartum period is especially critical for expectant mothers, as it represents the time when a significant number of complications and deaths occur.This study aimedto develop, validate, and assess theefficacy ofthe maternal morbidityscreening(MMS) toolfor predictingperipartum morbidity. Methodology The study was conducted in two phases: Phase one involved developing, validating, and piloting the MMS tool, while Phase two focused on evaluating and comparing the MMS tool with the modified early obstetric warning system (MEOWS) chart for predicting peripartum morbidity. An observational analytical clinical study design was utilized. Result In Phase one, theMMS tool was developedand validated by subject experts, resulting in a reliability score of 0.90. Therefore, the tool was deemed reliable and valid. Phase two results revealed that obstetric morbidity in the maternal morbidity group was 66.66%, higher than the 32% observed with the MEOWSchart. The MMStool demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity at 95.24%, specificity at 89.50%, and predictive value at 98.50%, yielding an overall accuracy of 90.50%. In comparison, theMEOWSchart exhibited a sensitivity of 70.51%, specificity of 86.81%, predictive value of 92.94%, and accuracy of 83.71%. Conclusion The occurrence of maternal morbidity in the trigger zone was significantly higher than in the non-trigger zone in the MMStool. The MMS tool was significantly more effective as a predictor of peripartum morbidity compared to the MEOWSchart.

Comparing the educational quality of YouTube and Facebook videos on tympanostomy tubes

PurposePatients often refer to online materials when researching surgical procedures. This study compares the educational quality of online videos about tympanostomy tubes on two popular video platforms: YouTube and Facebook. This study provides clinicians with context about the content and quality of information patients may possess after watching online videos on tympanostomy tubes. Materials and methodsYouTube and Facebook were searched using key terms related to tympanostomy tubes. Videos were screened and scored in triplicate. DISCERN quality, content, production, and alternative medicine scores were assigned. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism. Results76 YouTube and 86 Facebook videos were analyzed. DISCERN quality scores (mean = 1.8 vs. 1.4, P < .0001), content scores (mean = 1.7 vs. 1.0, P < .0001), and production scores (mean = 4.8 vs. 4.6, P = .0327) were significantly higher on YouTube compared to Facebook. 33 % of Facebook videos referenced alternative medicine, as compared with 0 % of YouTube videos (P < .0001). Physician/hospital-generated videos had significantly higher DISCERN and content scores than parent-, product-, and chiropractor-generated videos. Views did not correlate with DISCERN or content scores. ConclusionYouTube is a better platform than Facebook for educational videos about tympanostomy tubes. YouTube videos had higher educational quality, more comprehensive content, and less alternative medicine. One third of Facebook videos advocated for alternative treatments. Importantly, videos on both platforms were of limited educational quality as demonstrated through low DISCERN reliability scores and coverage of few important content areas.

Variability and Reliability of Examiners

This study aimed to assess the variability and reliability of examiners at a public university in Pakistan. Its primary focus was to identify the inter-rater reliability of teachers test scores to improve the testing standards by making teachers aware of their rating criteria, rating methods and their impact on the student’s final score. Data was collected from 8 teachers from the English department at a Pakistani public university and was analysed with the help of SPSS software. The study findings revealed that the teachers did not vary substantially in their overall evaluations and the interclass correlation between teachers’ ratings was 0.935 which indicates high inter-rater reliability. Moreover, a questionnaire filled out by the teachers after the scoring revealed that they hardly differed in their scoring criteria and did not vary significantly in selecting the sub skills of writing to be scored. These findings have further implications in promoting standardised assessment practices, fostering fairness and objectivity in student evaluations, and ultimately enhancing the quality and credibility of the university’s academic programs.

Modified Radiological Union Score of Tibia (RUST) Scores in Diaphyseal Fractures Treated by the Ilizarov Frame: A Retrospective Analysis Evaluating Reliability.

Introduction The number of cases of tibia diaphyseal fractures treated by Ilizarov fixation is increasing. Fractures with infective etiology and altered bone biology due to the requirement of revision surgery or open wounds, which are often treated by the Ilizarov method, have challenges in ascertaining radiological signs of union. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the application of the modified Radiological Union Score of Tibia (m-RUST) scores in the assessment of fracture union in patients operated by the Ilizarov method. The secondary aim is to assess the interobserver and intraobserver variability of the m-RUST score validated by orthopaedicians and radiologists. Methodology A total of 119 patients who were treated with an Ilizarov fixator from February 2017 to December 2023 were included in the study. Four observers (two orthopaedicians and two radiologists) independently applied the m-RUST score for the included patients. Clinical data were not disclosed to the observers who worked independently of each other. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the reliability of the m-RUST score. Interobserver reliability was measured by examining the scores of four observers from the second assessment, and intra-observer variability was assessed by a repeat evaluation after two weeks following the first assessment. Results The m-RUST score of the 119 X-rays analysed ranged from 8 to 16. The mean score in the first assessment was 11.36±3.51, and in the second assessment was 11.42±3.39. The reliability between all the observers was "substantial agreement" (ICC: 0.74, 95% CI). The ICC among the orthopaedicians was 0.77 and that among the radiologists was 0.72. Conclusion The m-RUST score has potential in other long bone fractures such as femur or humerus. Assessment of the m-RUST score in the healing of infective sequel and bone grafting conditions has been found effective. The m-RUST score is a dependable score in evaluating union in tibia fractures treated by the Ilizarov frame.

Construction of an instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education: Content and construct validity

This study aims to reveal the content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the instrument for evaluating the teaching process in higher education. This research is development research applying the ADDIE model from Molenda. The indicators evaluated consist of context, inputs, processes, and products. The sample consisted of 1200 students from eight faculties, each represented by three study programs. Data analysis uses three stages: content validity test analysis using the V-Aiken method involving six panellists or experts; construct validity test using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Quantitative descriptive analysis and interpretive qualitative analysis used the Miles and Huberman method. The results showed that the developed evaluation instrument had good proof of the validity of the content, with an average V-Aiken score of 0.752, which was in the high category. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta's evaluation instrument, which was developed through the instrument, already meets the validity of an exemplary construct of a good loading factor value ( 0.3). It has a composite reliability score above 0.7 and Cronbach's alpha above 0.6. The analysis results show that all empirical test criteria indicate the data is fit against the developed model.

Comparing scoring systems for Fournier gangrenes in predicting morbidity and mortality: Is FGSI still reliable?

IntroductionCompare scoring systems using Fournier gangrene severity index (FGSI), Uludag Fournier gangrene severity index (UFGSI), Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict the outcome of patients with Fournier gangrene. Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that includes FG patients from 2012 to 2021. NLR, FGSI, UFGSI, and LRINEC values were calculated and analyzed. Each scoring system was analyzed using a receiver-operating curve (ROC) analysis to determine its sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. ResultsA total of 158 patients were included in this study. Regarding the mortality outcome, FGSI comprised the highest value of AUC with 80.9, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 68.5%. LRINEC comprised the AUC value of 61.1, with 79.2% sensitivity and 64.2% specificity. NLR comprised an AUC value of 63.7, 91.7% of sensitivity, and 98.1% of specificity. In terms of length of stay, LRINEC and NLR were associated as significant predictor. ConclusionFGSI, UFGSI, and NLR are significant predictors associated with mortality in patients with Fournier gangrene. FGSI and UFGSI comprised the highest sensitivity and specificity value in predicting mortality prognosis. Moreover, this study highlighted the role of NLR and LRINEC as significant predictors for the length of hospitalization. This study shows that FGSI is still a reliable scoring system for predicting mortality in patients with Fournier Gangrene. Level of evidenceII.

The Home-Based Experiences of Palliative and Hospice Care for Children and Caregivers (EXPERIENCE) Measure: Evaluation of Psychometric Properties

ContextHome-based pediatric palliative and hospice care (PPHC) supports the hundreds of thousands of children with serious illness and complex care needs and their families in the home setting. Considerable variation, however, exists in the provision and quality of home-based PPHC in the U.S. Ensuring equitable, high-quality home-based PPHC for all children requires the evaluation of families’ care experiences and assessment of whether these experiences are aligned with their needs and priorities. ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the previously developed 23-item home-based PPHC EXPERIENCE Measure for use with families of children receiving home-based PPHC in the United States. MethodsParticipants included families recruited from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Courageous Parents Network, and several other hospital- and community-based PPHC programs across the U.S. who provide home-based PPHC services. Participants completed the EXPERIENCE Measure at baseline and again at retest. We evaluated the factor structure of the EXPERIENCE Measure, as well as evidence regarding score reliability and validity. ResultsEighty-two family participants completed the baseline and 53 completed the retest questionnaire from 15 states across the U.S. We found evidence for the score reliability and validity of a four-domain EXPERIENCE measure. ConclusionThe EXPERIENCE Measure is a tool with evidence for reliable and valid scores to evaluate family-reported home-based PPHC experiences at the time care is being received. Future work will evaluate the usability (i.e., acceptability, feasibility, and clinical actionability) of EXPERIENCE, including the sensitivity of the instrument to change over time and its impact on real-time clinical actions.

Adapting the Cornell assessment of pediatric delirium for Swedish context: translation, cultural validation and inter-rater reliability

BackgroundPediatric delirium causes prolonged hospital stays, increased costs, and distress for children and caregivers. Currently, there is no delirium screening tool available in Sweden that has been translated, culturally validated, and tested for reliability. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the suitability of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) for implementation in Swedish healthcare settings.MethodsThe CAPD was translated and culturally adapted to Swedish context following the ten-step process recommended by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. The Swedish CAPD was tested in the pediatric intensive care unit of Uppsala University Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Sweden. Inter-rater reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with both Registered Nurses (RNs) and Assistant Nurses (ANs) conducting parallel measurements using the Swedish CAPD. A reliability score of ICC > 0.75 was considered indicative of good reliability.ResultsAfter translation of the CAPD into Swedish, 10 RNs participated in the cultural adaptation process. Issues related to word choice, education, and instructions were addressed. Wording improvements were made to ensure accurate interpretation. Supplementary training sessions were organized to strengthen users’ proficiency with the Swedish CAPD. Additional instructions were provided to enhance clarity and usability. Inter-rater reliability testing resulted in an ICC of 0.857 (95% CI: 0.708–0.930), indicating good reliability.ConclusionThis study successfully translated and culturally adapted the CAPD to align with Swedish contextual parameters. The resulting Swedish CAPD demonstrated good inter-rater reliability, establishing its viability as a tool for measuring delirium among pediatric patients in Swedish pediatric intensive care units.Trail registrationNot applicable.

Credit Risk Assessment Using a Combined Approach of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

In the financial industry, credit scoring is a crucial tool for assessing credit risk. The study aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of credit scoring by combining supervised and unsupervised learning methods. We propose an integrated model that combines Kohonen's Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) with the Random Forest algorithm to provide a more comprehensive analysis of credit card user data. Key features for model training were identified through feature selection and extraction. Experimental results show that the integrated model improved the AUC from 0.82 to 0.89, increased user satisfaction from a score of 3.8 to 4.35, and boosted usage rates by 12.5%. Additionally, the integrated model significantly enhanced the discrimination and prediction accuracy of user credit risk. These findings indicate that the combination of unsupervised learning with Kohonen's Self-Organizing Maps and supervised learning with Random Forest can effectively improve the accuracy of credit scoring, providing financial institutions with a more reliable tool for credit risk assessment.

Estimating Reliability for Tests With One Constructed‐Response Item in a Section

The goal of this paper is to find better ways to estimate the internal consistency reliability of scores on tests with a specific type of design that are often encountered in practice: tests with constructed‐response items clustered into sections that are not parallel or tau‐equivalent, and one of the sections has only one item. To estimate the reliability of scores on this kind of test, we propose a two‐step approach (denoted as CA_STR) that first estimates the reliability of scores on the section with a single item using the correction for attenuation method and then estimates the reliability of scores on the whole test using the stratified coefficient alpha. We compared the CA_STR method with three other reliability estimation approaches under various conditions using both real and simulated data. We found that overall, the CA_STR method performed the best and it was easy to implement.

LYMPHOSCORE (Lymphoscintigraphy Scoring Reliability) Reliability of a New Qualitative and Semiquantitative Lymphoscintigraphy Scoring System for Primary Lymphedema.

Primary lymphedema (PLE) is a rare chronic disorder. Extremity lymphoscintigraphy offers access for dynamic and functional information on peripheral lymphatics and lymph nodes. We aimed to assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability of a new lymphoscintigraphy quantitative and qualitative scoring system in a homogeneous population of adult patients followed for PLE of the lower limb(s). This is a monocentric retrospective study. Clinical files of patients who underwent a lymphoscintigraphy were reviewed for inclusion. Lymphoscintigraphies were interpreted twice by 2 observers with a washout period. To assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability for both lower limbs, Cohen κ and Gwet's AC1 reliability coefficients were calculated with 95% confidence interval and P value of the zero-reliability comparison test. To interpret reliability coefficients, we used the orders of magnitude reported by Landis and Koch. One hundred forty-four patients (288 limbs) with PLE were included. For intraobserver reliability, agreement range was 0.87-1 with an almost perfect agreement in all staging items of the score for both limbs with the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval ≥80%. Interobserver reliability was overall strong or almost perfect, ranging from 0.67 to 0.97. This new scoring system demonstrated excellent intraobserver reliability and a very good interobserver reliability. Lymphoscintigraphy, when performed in a referral center and interpreted by trained nuclear medicine physicians, is a reliable means of investigation in patients with PLE of the lower limbs. This reproducibility advocates for further use of lymphoscintigraphy in multicentric cohorts of PLE patients.

Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Depression Anxiety Stress Scale For Youth (DASS-Y) Versi Bahasa Indonesia

Validity testing is the process of evaluating whether a research instrument that will be used to assess a study variable may be deemed valid or not. Finding out the outcomes of validity and reliability testing on teenagers using the Indonesian DASS-Y was the aim of this study. With 105 teenage respondents, a quantitative approach was employed in this study. The findings indicated that, with a value of 1.00, the questionnaire's validation value was deemed practical, very relevant, and had high validity. The findings of the DASS-Y instrument in the Indonesian version were deemed to be both valid and reliable, with the reliability score test being.930 and the validity test Correlatet item-total correlation score rage.328-.753.

Artificial intelligence in autoimmune bullous dermatoses

Dermatologists treating patients with autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs), as well as the patients themselves, encounter challenges at every stage of their interaction, including dermatologic and comorbidities assessment, diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, treatment, and follow-up monitoring. We summarize the current and potential future clinical applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of AIBDs. Recent research and AI models have demonstrated their potential to enhance or may already be contributing to advancements in every phase of the comprehensive diagnosis and personalized treatment process in AIBDs, providing patients, clinicians, and administrators with valuable support. Image recognition AI systems might assist precise clinical diagnoses of various diseases, including AIBDs, and could offer consistent and reliable scoring of disease severity. Automated and standardized AI-assisted laboratory methods could improve the accuracy and decrease the time and cost of gold-standard tests such as direct and indirect immunofluorescence. The studies and tools discussed in this contribution, although in the early stages, might be a small precursor to a transformative shift in the way we take care of patients with chronic skin diseases, including AIBDs.