Relevant Research Questions Research Articles

Evaluating the use of large language model in identifying top research questions in gastroenterology

The field of gastroenterology (GI) is constantly evolving. It is essential to pinpoint the most pressing and important research questions. To evaluate the potential of chatGPT for identifying research priorities in GI and provide a starting point for further investigation. We queried chatGPT on four key topics in GI: inflammatory bowel disease, microbiome, Artificial Intelligence in GI, and advanced endoscopy in GI. A panel of experienced gastroenterologists separately reviewed and rated the generated research questions on a scale of 1–5, with 5 being the most important and relevant to current research in GI. chatGPT generated relevant and clear research questions. Yet, the questions were not considered original by the panel of gastroenterologists. On average, the questions were rated 3.6 ± 1.4, with inter-rater reliability ranging from 0.80 to 0.98 (p < 0.001). The mean grades for relevance, clarity, specificity, and originality were 4.9 ± 0.1, 4.6 ± 0.4, 3.1 ± 0.2, 1.5 ± 0.4, respectively. Our study suggests that Large Language Models (LLMs) may be a useful tool for identifying research priorities in the field of GI, but more work is needed to improve the novelty of the generated research questions.

Association between hearing threshold and low-frequency walking sounds on concrete floors

The sufficient frequency range to be measured for the rating of impact sound insulation of floors has been a relevant research question since the 1960's when the lower limit of the measured frequency range was set at 100 Hz. It has been long recognized that walking sounds at frequencies lower than 100 Hz might have a significant effect on the experienced impact sound insulation of floors. Recently, it has been suggested that the frequency range to be measured for the rating of impact sound insulation should be enlarged down to 20 Hz. This suggestion is based on studies concerning wooden buildings. It is not known whether such low-frequency walking sounds are generated by walking on concrete floors. The purpose of this preliminary study was to produce sound spectra of several living impact sound sources. The spectra of different sound sources were measured in a laboratory. The results show that, in the case of concrete floors, such low-frequency living sound spectra that would exceed the hearing threshold do not exist, or they are at least uncommon.

A network of empirical ethics teams embedded in research programmes across multiple sites: opportunities and challenges in contributing to COVID-19 research and responses.

Covid-19 continues to teach the global community important lessons about preparedness for research and effective action to respond to emerging health threats. We share the COVID-19 experiences of a pre-existing cross-site ethics network-the Global Health Bioethics Network-which brings together researchers and practitioners from Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. We describe the network and its members and activities, and the work-related opportunities and challenges we faced over a one-year period during the pandemic. We highlight the value of having strong and long-term empirical ethics networks embedded across diverse research institutions to be able to: 1) identify and share relevant ethics challenges and research questions and ways of 'doing research'; 2) work with key stakeholders to identify appropriate ways to contribute to the emerging health issue response - e.g., through ethics oversight, community engagement, and advisory roles at different levels; and 3) learn from each other and from diverse contexts to advocate for positive change at multiple levels. It is our view that being embedded and long term offers opportunities in terms of deep institutional and contextual knowledge, existing relationships and access to a wide range of stakeholders. Being networked offers opportunities to draw upon a wide range of expertise and perspectives, and to bring together internal and external insights (i.e.drawing on different positionalities). Long term funding means that the people and resources are in place and ready to respond in a timely way. However, many tensions and challenges remain, including difficulties in negotiating power and politics in the roles that researchers and research institutions can and should play in an emergency, and the position of empirical ethics within research programmes. We discuss some of these tensions and challenges and consider the implications for our own and similar networks in future.

The Patellostabilometer: A New Device for Quantification of Mediolateral Patella Displacement.

Mediolateral patella displacement is of interest for diagnostics and clinically relevant research questions. Apart from manual testing, no standardized method is currently available. Proper quantification of patella mobility is necessary to better understand pathologies at the patellofemoral joint. Patella mobility was assessed in 25 healthy individuals using a Patellostabilometer, a new prototype instrument for quantification of the mediolateral patella displacement. The participants underwent measurements of the mediolateral displacement three times using the Patellostabilometer. A maximal force of 10 N was applied for patella movement. Additionally, leg length and circumference of the knee, upper- and lower-leg were measured. Lateral patella displacement of 18.27 ± 3.76 mm (range 15.85-20.64 mm, interquartile range (IQR) of 4.79) was measured. The medial patella displacement showed 24.47 ± 6.59 mm (range 19.29-29.76 mm, IQR of 10.47). The test-retest measurement error was 2.32 ± 1.76 mm (IQR of 2.38 mm), with five outliers. There was greater test-retest variability between the measurements of the medial displacement compared to the lateral one. The test-retest variability reached 7% of the patella displacement. Other parameters provided no significant correlations. Based on the natural patellofemoral mobility, a precise and clinically relevant quantification of patella mobility is allowed.

A New Era in Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery: Research Gaps, Questions, Strategies, and Priorities

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a guideline-recommended, multidisciplinary program of exercise training, risk factor management, and psychosocial counseling for people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is beneficial but underused and with substantial disparities in referral, access, and participation. The emergence of new virtual and remote delivery models has the potential to improve access to and participation in CR and ultimately improve outcomes for people with CVD. Although data suggest that new delivery models for CR have safety and efficacy similar to traditional in-person CR, questions remain regarding which participants are most likely to benefit from these models, how and where such programs should be delivered, and their effect on outcomes in diverse populations. In this review, we describe important gaps in evidence, identify relevant research questions, and propose strategies for addressing them. We highlight 4 research priorities: (1) including diverse populations in all CR research; (2) leveraging implementation methodologies to enhance equitable delivery of CR; (3) clarifying which populations are most likely to benefit from virtual and remote CR; and (4) comparing traditional in-person CR with virtual and remote CR in diverse populations using multicenter studies of important clinical, psychosocial, and cost-effectiveness outcomes that are relevant to patients, caregivers, providers, health systems, and payors. By framing these important questions, we hope to advance toward a goal of delivering high-quality CR to as many people as possible to improve outcomes in those with CVD.

A Comprehensive Review on Big Data for Industries: Challenges and Opportunities

Technological advancements in large industries like power, minerals, and manufacturing are generating massive data every second. Big data techniques have opened up numerous opportunities to utilize massive datasets in several effective ways to improve the efficacy of related industries. This paper presents a review of big data technologies used in the power, mineral, and manufacturing industries for various purposes. We analyze the meta-data of the collected papers before reviewing and selecting papers by applying selection criteria and paper quality assessment strategy. Then we propose a taxonomy of big data application areas in the power, mineral, and manufacturing industries. We have studied current big data architectures and techniques implemented in industry sectors and have uncovered the big data research gaps in industry sectors. To address the gaps, we point out some relevant research questions and, to answer the questions, we make some future research recommendations that might explore interesting research ideas for building a big data-driven industry. As the careful use of big data benefits every other industry sector; hence, supportive big data frameworks need to be developed to speed up the big data analysis process. Proper multi-dimensional big data assessment is also needed to take into account for serving effective data analysis tasks. Industry automation is also heavily influenced by the proper utilization of big data. While an intelligent agent can make many processes and heavy production loads in the manufacturing industry, it can work in a risky environment such as mines efficiently. To train agents for working in a specific environment big data can be used.

Abstract B065: First year results of a cancer disparities curriculum to address mistrust and misunderstanding between basic science researchers and community members

Abstract In Black, Hispanic, and Native American communities, historical and current systemic inequities result in medical mistrust limiting participation in biomedical studies. At the same time, many researchers misunderstand the context of communities experiencing the highest disparities, which may produce incomplete or inapplicable research questions. These conditions constrain the development of new and relevant biomedical research questions and hampers understanding of biological, clinical, and social factors holding disparities in place. With the goal of reducing misunderstanding and mistrust between researchers and community members, a team led by a senior basic science researcher at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) and a retired community college faculty member launched a pilot 9-month bi-weekly Cancer Disparities Curriculum for Research and Community Scholars in Fall 2021. This curriculum is a project of the Community and Cancer Science Network (CCSN) which promotes transdisciplinary collaboration with equitable engagement of non-academic audiences as full partners and emphasizing co-learning and co-developing of solutions. Designed for early career basic scientists (“research scholars”) and Milwaukee community members (“community scholars”), the curriculum included topics such as cancer disparities, social determinants of health, bias, racism, communicating with different audiences, and bridging diverse perspectives. Respected experts from the Milwaukee community and MCW facilitated the sessions. Additionally, dyad pairs of one research and one community scholar worked throughout the 9-months to develop project plans to address cancer disparities incorporating both perspectives. At the end of the program, the scholars presented these plans to MCW faculty and staff, and community leaders and members. To assess the impact of the curriculum and to continuously improve its delivery, the team used quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection throughout the pilot curriculum. These methods included attendance data, scholar surveys, facilitator surveys, and observations and debriefs of each session, all of which have informed adjustments to the curriculum. Following the conclusion of the first cohort in May 2022, the evaluation team began its preliminary review and found that scholars reported an increase in understanding of the scientific, environmental, and social factors that influence cancer disparities but wanted to have more opportunities to connect learning to action. Research Scholars specifically reported that engagement with community led them to begin to think differently about their work. To fully address cancer disparities, biomedical researchers and community members must collectively address issues of mistrust and misunderstanding. This can be achieved by increased understanding and empathy, shared vocabulary, and opportunities to explore different ways to partner. Our curriculum provides opportunity and guidance to build authentic collaboration, increase understanding, and engage in low-risk program exploration. Citation Format: Tobi A. Cawthra, Laura Pinsoneault, Kristen Gardner-Volle, Jessica Olson, Alexis Krause, Deborah Thomas, Melinda Stolley, Carol Williams. First year results of a cancer disparities curriculum to address mistrust and misunderstanding between basic science researchers and community members [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B065.

The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges

In this paper we examine the role salt tectonics can play in a number of key energy transition technologies, namely, energy storage as gas in salt caverns (e.g. hydrogen and compressed air), CO2 storage, and geothermal energy. For each of these technologies we explore: i) fundamental concepts and driving forces; ii) how and why the properties of salt are of importance; and iii) the key salt-related technical challenges, potential future research directions, and technical approaches needed for large-scale development. We highlight how salt-bearing basins offer vast potential for development throughout the energy transition including, but not limited to: i) the likely demand for thousands of new hydrogen storage caverns inside salt bodies by 2050; ii) a likely early focus for porous media CO2 storage sites in basins strongly influenced by salt tectonics; and iii) enhanced geothermal energy potential in and around salt bodies. Effective exploitation of these resources will require a deeper understanding of the internal composition, geometry, and evolution of salt structures and their surrounding sediments, and potentially the development of more predictive models of salt tectonic behaviour. Critically, we see the need to integrate learnings of salt tectonics gained in the academic, mining, solution mining, and oil and gas communities, and apply a fresh perspective to answer research questions of relevance to the energy transition. Developing this new understanding will help optimise design, reduce geotechnical risk, and improve efficiency for energy transition technologies, thus indicating a strong future demand for salt tectonic research.

Development of an algorithm-based approach for Computational Design Synthesis of individualized implants

The trend towards product individualization in medical technology, e.g., for implants, is based on the realization that taking patient-specific characteristics into account significantly influences the therapy of diseases. However, one problem in the individualization of implants is the inaccessible position in the body, which only permits computer-aided modeling of individual solutions. A promising solution is using a Computer-Aided Engineering Environment (CAEE), which enables an algorithm-based approach to implement tools based on Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) that can build design knowledge and robustly generate patient-specific variants. In this paper, a case study is used to demonstrate the development of an algorithm-based approach within the framework of the CDS in a CAEE that performs hip arthroplasty individualization. The functions, implemented in a CAEE, includes all process steps, from medical image processing of Computed Tomographic (CT) data to generating a patient-specific solution. Relevant research questions addressed here include the automated recognition of geometry information from initialized data, processing of these data in product models to derive solutions automatically and implementing optimization algorithms to maximize requirement satisfaction. The result of this work is a fully automated model generator for hip stem prosthesis that requires only a CT scan for its design synthesis and optimization.

Improving Software Modularity Using Software Remodularization: Challenges and Opportunities

Long-period maintenance of software often causes the original program modularization to decay, resulting in a degraded quality of the software. Placement of software artifacts, namely code files or classes in a suboptimal manner among software packages is one of the most common causes of this decaying modularization of software. Software remodularization (remodularization) is an old reverse engineering approach that helps in alleviating this issue by improving the quality of software modularization. However, in literature, a multitude of software remodularization approaches exists leaving researchers and developers in a dilemma of choosing appropriate remodularization criteria. Therefore, this paper carries out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the last two decades and presents concise information by answering different relevant research questions important to both developers and researchers of this field. This paper considers 54 research articles as primary studies.

A case and framework for expanding the use of model‐free evidence

A case and framework for expanding the use of model‐free evidence

Analysis of Company Performance Assessment Using the Balanced Scorecard

Performance is a description of the level of achievement of the implementation of a policy in realizing the goals, objectives, mission and vision of the organization contained in the work plan of an organization. Performance measurement is the periodic determination of the operational effectiveness of an organization, part of the organization and its personnel, based on predetermined goals, standards and criteria. Balanced Scorecard is an alternative method used by companies to manage company performance more comprehensively, not only limited to financial performance, but extends to non-financial performance, such as customer perspective, internal business processes, and learning and growth. This study aims to identify the company's performance appraisal with a balanced scorecard whose data were obtained from related journals in 1999–2022. The population in this study is an article on the company's performance appraisal with a balanced scorecard in the years 1099-2022 which was published on Scopus. Based on the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria, the number of samples in this study was 18 articles. The method used in this study is a systematic mapping study (SMS). SMS is rooted in the study literature review (SLR). The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret all available research with topic areas of interest to phenomena, with specific relevant research questions. With the use of the SLR method, a systematic review and identification of journals can be carried out, which in each process follows the steps or protocols that have been set. The results show that from 18 research articles that have been systematically mapped, researchers classify articles based on the research method approach with the topics discussed, namely: Balanced Scorecard with a research focus Balanced Scorecard is used to get a complete understanding of company performance (in terms of financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business processes, learning and growth) with its competitors. While the dominant method used in research on corporate performance appraisal with the balanced scorecard is the qualitative method.

Spatial aspects of the restructuring of the Hungarian economy between 2000 and 2019

In the years following the regime change of 1989-90, Hungary faced numerous economic and political challenges. Apart from the dominance of privatisation, the ‘90s can definitely be described as a decade of transition. The performance of the Hungarian economy had reached the pre-transition level by the turn of the millennium, while the labour market and the structure of economic sectors had undergone substantial changes. In the present paper, we investigate how stable the developed sectoral structure proved to be in the two decades that followed and what territorial specificities the changes were characterised by. Our main question is how further structural changes – besides the sectors’ performance (productivity) growth – contributed to the changing economic performance of territorial units in the period of 2000-2019. In our study, we divide productivity change into a “between-sector” and a “within-sector” element. We regard the analysis as a relevant research question in general as well. However, the global financial crisis occurring at the “mid-term” of the studied period (2008) represents a special rupture. The analysis framework is provided by the counties (NUTS3 regions), we conduct our analysis in this context. It can be established that the primary factor of productivity growth is the increase of performance within sector groups and not the change in the economic structure of counties. The impact of structural changes is smaller in magnitude and may even have a negative value in several cases, i.e., the economic structure of counties has shifted from higher-productivity sectors towards those with lower productivity.

What Do We (Not) Know About Research Software Engineering?

As recognition of the vital importance of software for contemporary research is increasing, Research Software Engineering (RSE) is emerging as a discipline in its own right. We present an inventory of relevant research questions about RSE as a basis for future research and initiatives to advance the field, highlighting selected literature and initiatives. This work is the outcome of a RSE community workshop held as part of the 2020 International Series of Online Research Software Events (SORSE) which identified and prioritized key questions across three overlapping themes: people, policy and infrastructure. Almost half of the questions focus on the people theme, which addresses issues related to career paths, recognition and motivation; recruitment and retention; skills; and diversity, equity and inclusion. However, the people and policy themes have the same number of prioritized questions. We recommend that different types of stakeholders, such as RSE employers and policy makers, take responsibility for supporting or encouraging answering of these questions by organizations that have an interest. Initiatives such as the International Council of RSE Associations should also be engaged in this work.

The PATCH Lab v1.0: A database and workspace for Cenozoic terrestrial paleoclimate and environment reconstruction

In the last two decades, analytical advances and a growing interest in relevant research questions has brought a rapid increase in the amount of stable isotope data used for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and environments. As the spatial and temporal resolution of proxy data continues to improve, the quantitative interpretation of these data is becoming increasingly common. These advances in data resolution and theory bring opportunities for multi-proxy comparisons, synthesis and modeling of large datasets, integration with paleoecological datasets, improved climate model benchmarking, and more. Here, in an effort to support these growing avenues of research, we present <i>The PATCH Lab</i> (Paleo-Analysis of Terrestrial Climate and Hydrology)—an online portal to discover, download, and quantitatively analyze deep time (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="u1" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mrow><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math> Ma) terrestrial stable isotope data. The PATCH Lab portal hosts a new database that currently includes 27009 stable isotope measurements from 211 publications spanning multiple terrestrial proxies, and quantitative models for interpreting water isotope and soil carbonate data. Data query, download, and modeling results are organized into user-friendly graphical interfaces that export datasets as .csv files. New data can be easily submitted to the PATCH Lab curators through the portal by completing a data submission template. The PATCH Lab, with the help of community engagement, serves as a resource for archiving terrestrial stable isotope data, building paleo “isoscapes”, and increasing accessibility to quantitative methods of investigating terrestrial stable isotopes in paleoclimate.

Reliability Analysis of Survivable Networks under the Hostile Model

This article studies the Generalized Steiner Problem with Node-Connectivity Constraints and Hostile Reliability and introduces a metaheuristic resolution approach based on Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure and Variable Neighborhood Descent. Under the hostile model, nodes and links are subject to probabilistic failures. The research focuses on studying the relationship between the optimization and the reliability evaluation in a symmetric network design problem. Relevant research questions are addressed, linking the number of feasible networks for the full probabilistic model, the sensitivity with respect to elementary probabilities of operation for both edges and nodes, and the sensitivity of the model with respect to the symmetric connectivity constraints defined for terminal nodes. The main result indicates that, for the hostile model, it is better at improving the elementary probabilities of operation of links than improving the elementary probabilities of Steiner nodes, to meet a required reliability threshold for the designed network.

Recent advances and future prospects for biolubricant base stocks production using lipases as environmentally friendly catalysts: a mini-review.

In recent years, fluctuating global fossil fuel market prices and growing concern about environmental pollution have increased efforts to obtain novel value-added products from renewable agricultural biomass. To this end, a wide variety of triacylglycerols (edible and non-edible oils and fats) and their derivatives (free fatty acids or monoalkyl esters) stand out as promising feedstocks for the production of biolubricant base stocks, due to their biodegradability, excellent physicochemical properties, and sustainable nature. These raw materials can be transformed into biolubricants using chemical or biochemical (lipases) catalysts, with the enzymatic production of biolubricants using lipases as catalysts being recognized as an environmentally friendly approach. The present mini-review highlights recent advances in this field, published in the last three years. The different chemical modification processes used to develop a wide variety of industrial biolubricant base stocks are comprehensively reviewed, with exploration of future prospects for industrial production via the enzymatic route. This study contributes to the current state-of-the-art, identifying relevant research questions and providing important technical information for new applications of lipases in oleochemical manufacturing industries.

Islamic Fiqh Views on E-Commerce

The development of e-commerce continues to increase from year to year following the development of information and communication technology. E-commerce has had a significant impact on various sectors. E-commerce can reduce the flow of human traffic but increase the flow of goods traffic. In the modern era, humans have felt comfortable with this e-commerce. Just by being at home, various types of needs can be ordered through an online application and the items needed arrive at the buyer's house. For companies, e-commerce can improve efficiency and productivity. For the community, e-commerce can help increase economic growth and business opportunities. But at the same time, it poses challenges and problems in terms of security and trust. And is e-commerce not against Islamic law? This study examines how Islamic fiqh views e-commerce or online shop businesses whose data is obtained from related journals in 2012 – 2022. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret all available research with topic areas of interest to phenomena, with specific relevant research questions. The result is e-commerce is identical to the as-salam trade (buying and selling in fiqh muamalah), namely the purchase of goods received after payment is made up front in cash and is considered to meet the requirements of as-salaam.

Moderating influence of demographic variables on productivity and job stress of workers in electrical Occupations

The study investigated the moderating influence of demographic variables on productivity and job stress of workers in electrical occupations. Relevant research questions were answered while hypotheses formulated were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlational research design and was carried out in the North Central States. The population for the study was 301 workers in electrical occupations. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled Demographic Variables, Job Stress and Productivity Questionnaire (DVJSPQ). The overall reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.96. Point–biserial correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze data for answering research questions and hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that: demographic variables have a strong relationship with the productivity of workers in electrical occupations, age and educational qualification were significant moderators of the relationship between occupational stress and the productivity of workers in electrical occupations. Hence, workers in electrical occupations should be sensitized through workshops and seminars on how demographic variables influence their productivity and job stress in their occupations.

Research interest groups: Creating the foundation for professional nursing education, mentorship, and collaboration

BackgroundResearch Interest Groups have been used to enhance collaboration within specialty health care areas. PurposeThis article was to demonstrate the impact of an organic model created by the TriService Nursing Research Program which became a conduit for collaboration across the three branches of Military Nursing Services to answer relevant research questions and support evidence-based practice. MethodsGroups were organized around different specialty topics with a focus on education, mentorship, and collaboration. Modest funding, together with the development of an annual plan and report of scholarly activities allowed the groups to capture their impact and to strategically align efforts to support the National Defense Strategy and excellence in Military Nursing. FindingsFrom 2018 to 2021, overall publications and funded grants for these groups increased each year despite multiple competing priorities. DiscussionTriService Nursing Research Program Research Interest Groups demonstrate a successful, and easily replicable model to generate and disseminate research to inform clinical practice and health policy, both in the public and private sectors.