Relevant Place Research Articles

Footing e TRP - A arquitetura informal do C-ORAL-Brasil I sob uma ótica socio(inter)acional

Este artigo contempla o aspecto dinâmico que orienta e organiza as relações interpessoais em eventos microecológicos que Goffman (1979) chamou de footing e considera, também, o momento exato da alternância de turno que linguistas como Sacks, Schegloff e Jefferson (1974; 2003), Marcuschi (2003) e Couper-Kuhlen e Selting (2018) chamam de TRP (Lugar de Relevância para a Transição). O objetivo é verificar em dois arquivos de fala espontânea do C-ORAL-BRASIL I, “bfamcv02” e “bfamcv05”, se o TRP das TCUs (Unidades de Construção de Turno) constituídas nas falas em interação provoca mudanças de footing. Para alcançar este objetivo, elaborou-se uma interface entre a prosódia, Hirst e Di Cristo (1998), Bolinger (1986), Halliday (1967), Robert D. Ladd (2008 [1996]), Gumperz (1988) e Selting, (1995), e as perspectivas teóricas que melhor explicam a estruturação de uma interação falada: a Análise da Conversa, a Linguística Interacional e a Sociolinguística Interacional, Sacks, Schegloff e Jefferson (1974; 2003), Marcuschi (1988; 2003; 2008), Couper-Kuhlen e Selting (2018), Goffman (1972; 1974; 1798; 1981), Gumperz (1982; 1989) e Tannen e Wallat (1987). As análises foram realizadas, portanto, a partir de aspectos sociointeracionais e suprassegmentais e os resultados apontaram que o TRP verificado nas TCUs elaboradas nas duas situações comunicativas escolhidas para este artigo provoca mudanças de footing.

Templates of generic geographic information for answering where-questions

ABSTRACT In everyday communication, where-questions are answered by place descriptions. To answer where-questions automatically, computers should be able to generate relevant place descriptions that satisfy inquirers’ information needs. Human-generated answers to where-questions constructed based on a few anchor places that characterize the location of inquired places. The challenge for automatically generating such relevant responses stems from selecting relevant anchor places. In this paper, we present templates that allow to characterize the human-generated answers and to imitate their structure. These templates are patterns of generic geographic information derived and encoded from the largest available machine comprehension dataset, MS MARCO v2.1. In our approach, the toponyms in the questions and answers of the dataset are encoded into sequences of generic information. Next, sequence prediction methods are used to model the relation between the generic information in the questions and their answers. Finally, we evaluate the performance of predicting templates for answers to where-questions.

A Genealogy of State Crime in International Law: Contrasting Criminological Perspectives

In international public law, the concept of state crime has been extensively debated. For some international law commentators “[t]he concept of state responsibility for international crimes is juridically feasible and may be analyzed in terms of a criminal organization model or a corporate crime model” (Jørgensen 2000: 280); to others, “[t]he criminal state is juridically speaking a nonsense . . . The punishability of the state is both a legal and a practical impossibility.” (Drost 1959: 304). Although currently common legal understanding represents this notion as alien to the legal tradition, this term has a relevant place in the historical debates and development of international law. This paper discusses international law developments in contrast to criminological reflections relating to state crime, drawing attention to possible cross-references between these disciplines.

Ziyadelerin İbadetlerin Sıhhatine Etkisi

One of important aspects that distinguishes Islamic law from other legal systems is that it regulates individuals' lives of worship. Good servitude is possible by spending whole life in form of worship, in line with Creator's orders. For this reason, moderation, not excess, was accepted as basis in prayers. Therefore, person who wants to be good servant will reach this level by staying within boundaries drawn by nass (the certain sources). In other words, believer can be good servant by staying within limits declared by Shari (God) in his life of worship. Here, in this study, situation of worshiping of those who knowingly or unknowingly exceeded limits determined by Shari were evaluated. One of important aspects that distinguishes Islamic law from other legal systems is that it regulates worship life of individuals. In this context, prayers are shaped within framework of Book, Sunnah and Idjma; Except for provisions in details, analogy (ta‘lil), which is an activity of reasoning completely, has been accepted as closed (ta'abbudī). It is considered normal to judge by analogy in details of worship. Because while nass (the certain sources) draws main frame of worship; it has left some situations in individuals’ life to field of idjtihād. In this study, effect of excess performed during prayer on health of worship, whether determined by nass or based on analogy, was evaluated under separate headings. The issue of excess in prayers has been scattered in classical fiqh works due to casuistic nature of Islamic law. The issues related to this study were dealt with both systematically and common system of rules (dhabit) was tried in terms of affecting health of worship. As it is known, concept of dhabit is in sub-category of concept of pedestal. In this sense, while it is defined as the universal proposition that reflects basic principles of law and encompasses provisions of individual issues in different fields to large extent; dhabit is defined as a particular proposition encompassing matters of only one For example, principle Decision is given according to purpose can be applied to many types of contracts in law of obligations. However, proposition the subject is interest in lease contract” is dhabit on lease contract. The following can be stated regarding literature on our subject: First of all, there has been no independent study directly addressing excesses in prayers and their effects on health of worship. On subject of dhabit trials that will be expressed in study, it is known by researchers that there is special literature related to kawāid and dhabit in classical and modern literature. Although in these works habit are pointed out in field of worship, they are not about excesses. In modern studies, there is work titled Muhtasar al-dawāb al-fiqhiya li ahkām fiqh al-ibādāt fī kitāb Nihāya al-matlab li al-Imām al-Cuwaynī, written by Vāil b. Ahmad b. Ramazān al-Hams as master's thesis on prayers in field of worship. . This study is not exclusive to subject of excesses and is based on one of important works of Shafii doctrine. This situation excludes him from our subject. As result, we hope that our research will facilitate further studies. The topics covered in our study; wudū, tayammum, adhān and iqāmah, prayer, zakāh and fasting. These headings were evaluated in context of views of four fiqh schools. If there is choice between different views, this issue is also pointed out in relevant place. It is seen as an obligation (fardh) for an individual to perform prayers, recitation, prostration, circumambulation, touching Qur’an, and taking it in hand no breaking wudū. In this context, ablution is major form of worship as it is condition for another prayer, and its conditions and limits are determined in nass. Therefore, excesses in ablution are discussed in detail. In addition, tayammum is worship to replace ablution or ghusl in event that wudū or ghusl cannot be performed because water is not accessible for any reason. The provisions regarding tayammum are given in detail in nass. It is intended in act of tayammum to clean dirt off oneself by clean soil. In this context, with intention of tayammum, hands are hit on ground (blow) and face and arms are wiped with these dusty hands. It is understood here that it is fardh for tayammum to be valid to have started with intention in heart, and to have hit hands on ground. Within framework of our topic, excesses (ziyādah) in number of hitting hands and wiping face and arms with hands are explained.

Percepción y movimiento en la poesía de Gilles Cyr

The study addresses the sensory universe of Cyr's poetry through the paradigms of neurophysiology of visual and motor perception and the phenomenology of movement. More specifically, the notions of “visual percepts” and “visuomotor representations” are examined in the text according to the specific singularities of the poetic language of Gilles Cyr, where the relationship of the body with the unknown also occupies a relevant place. Similarly, the distinction between “epistemic vision” and “non-epistemic” is taken into account throughout this study. The analysis takes into account the reflections of literary criticism related to the treatment of space and movement, as well as the epistemological level of this poetry.

¿Se favorece el desarrollo competencial del alumnado desde los libros de texto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza? Análisis del pensamiento de los profesores y de los manuales de 1º y 2º de ESO

Desde su implantación en el sistema educativo español, las competencias ocupan un lugar relevante, ya que son el eje en torno al cual giran el resto de elementos del currículo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo competencial del alumnado de Secundaria no parece ser el más deseable. En consecuencia, es primordial el estudio de los elementos involucrados en esta problemática como primer paso para invertir dicha situación. Entre estas variables, consideramos que el libro de texto es un elemento especialmente relevante debido a su importante presencia en las aulas y su, en principio obligado, carácter competencial. Por ello, el objetivo ha sido analizar si el desarrollo competencial del alumnado del primer ciclo de Secundaria se encuentra favorecido por los libros de texto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza. Para ello, se ha optado por una metodología con enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, ya que por un lado, se examinan las actividades de los manuales escolares de tres editoriales con gran presencia en las aulas y, por otro, las opiniones de un grupo de profesores como principales responsables de su uso. Los resultados muestran que la secuencia didáctica es inadecuada, falta de diversidad de recursos y el desarrollo cognitivo promovido por las actividades es bajo. Asimismo, los docentes manifiestan que no se favorecen las competencias debido entre otros factores, al aprendizaje memorístico promovido por dichos manuales, pese a lo cual continúa siendo un recurso de gran relevancia en sus clases. En consecuencia, sería necesario una revisión de éstos desde un enfoque competencial y de su uso en el aula, así como una reflexión acerca de los requisitos necesarios para que un cambio en la política educativa, como es la introducción de las competencias, revierta en el aula de forma adecuada.

Interpreting heritage canals from the perspective of historical events: a case study of the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal, China

ABSTRACT Taking the Hangzhou section of the Grand Canal in China as a case study, this research develops an approach towards interpreting heritage canals from the perspective of historical events. First, we classified historical events related to the canal into three types. Through historical literature archives and relevant research, architectural works and places that are related to the historical events were identified and located on contemporary maps and were verified by field investigations. Then, we examined the role of the heritage canal in shaping the regional cultural landscape concerning the canal based on a process that evaluated the degree of correlation between the works (constructions) and places and the Grand Canal. Finally, we explored which historic works and places were related to the core values of the canal and how these works and places were joined into a network by interacting with each other during the developmental process. This approach reveals the mechanisms by which a heritage canal plays a defining role in its related cultural landscape system. With this information, further strategies can be developed regarding the conservation and urban design for heritage canals.

Cochlear microphonic latency predicts outer hair cell function in animal models and clinical populations

As recently reported, electrocochleography recorded in cochlear implant recipients showed reduced amplitude and shorter latency in patients with more severe high-frequency hearing loss compared with those with some residual hearing. As the response is generated primarily by receptor currents in outer hair cells, these variations in amplitude and latency may indicate outer hair cell function after cochlear implantation. We propose that an absence of latency shift when the cochlear microphonic is measured on two adjacent electrodes indicates an absence or dysfunction of outer hair cells between these electrodes. We test this preclinically in noise deafened guinea pigs (2 h of a 124 dB HL, 16–24 kHz narrow-band noise), and clinically, in electrocochleographic recordings made in cochlear implant recipients immediately after implantation. We found that normal hearing guinea pigs showed a progressive increase in latency from basal to apical electrodes. In contrast, guinea pigs with significantly elevated high-frequency hearing thresholds showed no change in cochlear microphonic latency measured on basal electrodes (located approximately at the 16–24 kHz location in the cochlea).. In the clinical cohort, a significant negative correlation existed between cochlear microphonic latency shifts and hearing thresholds at 1-, 2-, & 4 kHz when tested on electrodes located at the relevant cochlear tonotopic place. This reduction in latency shift was such that patients with no measurable hearing also had no detectable latency shift (place assessed by CT scan, r’s of -.70 to -.83). These findings suggest that electrocochleography can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect cochlear regions with functioning hair cells, which may be important for defining cross-over point for electro-acoustic stimulation.

Visualising Deindustrial Ruins in an Oral History Project: Sesto San Giovanni (Milan)

My contribution focuses on a photo collection dedicated to Sesto San Giovanni, a medium-sized city north of Milan that became the fifth largest industrial district in Italy after WWII. Built around the beginning of the 20th century, its heavy industries were dismantled before that century drew to its close. Closely connected to a campaign of interviews conducted by historians and social anthropologists, the images under consideration aim to relate the photographic representation of former industrial spaces in Sesto as they are today to the oral testimonies and memories gathered between 2013 and 2015. The article elaborates on several points: it briefly sketches the reasons why Sesto San Giovanni is a relevant place to study structural change and deindustrialisation; defines the nature of the visual documentation we gathered during our oral history project; describes the context where this evidence has been conceived and collected; and attempts some suggestions to understand where the fascination that emanates from these images lies, and what contemporary viewers can perceive from them as part of a large deindustrial ruin imagery, something becoming a “global genre”.

Pragmatics of overlapping talk in therapy sessions

            Abstract Cooperation in conversation is usually managed by the turn- taking mechanism where the interlocutors’ turns are done according to certain rules the most important of which is that ‘one and only one speaker speaks at a time’. Since talk can be used as a cure for people who have troubles in their life, psychotherapy uses the field of conversation analysis as a procedure to deal with such troubles. Conversation analysis with all its essential facts helps therapists find out the reasons behind their patient's difficulties and predict the solutions for them. One of such essentials is that of the turn taking system and more specifically the ‘overlapping talk’. The aim of the present research paper is to show what types of overlap mostly overwhelm the therapy session and how the overlap is managed and resolved. To do so, two scripts taken from two psychological therapy sessions are selected and examined using Sacks et al’s model (1974) and Jefferson’s model (1983). The study has come to the conclusion that the overlapping talk usually occurs because of the misjudgment of the transition relevance places (TRPs) due to its type whether transitional or progressional. It has also been noticed that the terminal overlap is used more frequently than the other types. Continuers such as ‘yeah’, ‘ok’, ‘alright’, ‘aha’, ‘umm’ are used by the therapist to encourage the patients to continue in their turns.

Card game as a health education strategy in the learning of schoolchildren about parasites

Abstract Parasitic diseases are a serious public health problem, especially in regions such as the Brazilian Northeast, which despite numerous advances in health still have high rates of morbidity, with regard to intestinal parasitic diseases, especially diarrheal diseases. School-age children are the most affected by this condition, either due to lack of knowledge or poor hygiene habits. The school is a relevant place for the application and development of methods focused on the theme, and knowledge for prevention and control is essential. Thus, the card game aims to facilitate students' understanding of the subject. The contributions of the present work will contribute to prevention and will contribute to children's health programs, through the development and use of a playful tool as a health education strategy for schoolchildren in the prevention of parasites. The game consists of cards that contain parasites, morphology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, forms of prevention, among others, being elaborated based on the literature and made in computer programs, being possible to play individually or in groups. The use of playfulness can provide a better understanding, mainly because it involves children, thus generating curiosity about the theme. Health education carried out in dynamic ways provides and requires attention, leaving them more attentive and curious in view of the above. When applied to schoolchildren, the proportion and impact will be much wider, as it is a very diversified environment, where it will be possible to reach children from different areas, places and realities. When developing the game and applying it to children through health education, the subject will be much more accepted, thus making them more knowledgeable about the theme, which will favor in the prevention of parasites and a better quality of life, as well as well as the dissemination of the importance of the subject. Key messages Parasitic diseases do not yet have preventive measures, such as vaccines, and health education is extremely important. The game can bring benefits to public health, in the practice of child health, being used as a form of health education and its dissemination to schools and other learning spaces.

Collisional and resonance absorption of electromagnetic waves in a weakly collisional, inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab

Absorbance of normally incident electromagnetic wave on a cold, weakly collisional, and inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab is investigated. The plasma density is Budden-like sinusoidal profile, where the inhomogeniety is treated as a multilayered system of homogeneous sub-cells within the transfer matrix technique. For incident wave frequencies much above the ion cyclotron frequency, only right hand circularly polarized waves are relevant for wave propagation parallel to a static magnetic field. Calculations are performed in normalized parameters, that make the results suitable for many applications including atmospheric and laboratory plasmas. The presence of the dc-magnetic field leads to the formation of two absorption bands explained by plasma collisional dissipation and electron cyclotron resonance in the low frequency branch of the $R$-wave below the electron cyclotron frequency. The transmittance shows the emergence of the low frequency electron cyclotron wave, which becomes a Whistler mode at very low frequency. More detailed discussion on the effect of plasma collisionality, inhomogeneity, and dc-magnetic field on the propagation characteristics is given at the relevant place within the body of the manuscript.

Third position repair for resolving troubles in understanding teacher instructions

Teachers’ instruction-giving practices in classrooms are largely recognized as the primary condition for the smooth progression of pedagogical activities. Following the formulation of the instruction by teachers, students are expected to perform preferred actions in the next relevant place in interaction. It is also likely that potential troubles in understanding teacher instructions might arise, which leads to delays of activity completion. Such troubles are made visible in interaction through two ways: (1) students’ explicit claims of non-understanding and (2) teachers’ identification of trouble in understanding without students’ explicit claims. Using multimodal conversation analysis for the examination of video-recorded higher education English as a foreign language classroom interactions (25h), this study mainly deals with the latter in response to gaps in the literature and sets out to describe a method in particular deployed by an L2 teacher for the identification and resolution of understanding troubles in instruction-giving sequences, namely third position repairs. The findings provide insights into L2 classroom discourse.

Cooperativismo de vivienda por ayuda mutua Formación, experiencia y lucha en Uruguay

Housing cooperatives have been an effective response, with 50 years of history, for more than38,000 families, towards which they feel belonging and appropriation. The cooperatives of mutualhelp of users are grouped in the Uruguayan Federation of Cooperatives of Housing by Mutual Help(FUCVAM), which is one of the most important social movements of Uruguay at present. Traininghas occupied a relevant place in the organization, with diverse discontinuities and tensions.The article analyzes these tensions raised between technical and militant knowledge, betweenpolitical and technical education (management) and the formative effects of the organizationand mobilization and the devices convened for such purposes. In particular, the moments of fight,fundamentally of resistance to dictatorship, as spaces for training and political socialization.

O que é um Estudo de Caso e quais as suas potencialidades

Este trabalho tem como objetivo central fazer uma discussão acerca da compreensão dos desenhos de estudos de caso, a fim de destacar suas vantagens e desafios de aplicação na Ciência Política. Parte-se de uma discussão conceitual sobre o que são estudos de caso em suas diversas definições e concepções na literatura sobre metodologia em Ciências Sociais, a fim de propor uma distinção necessária entre a estratégia de pesquisa, o número de casos e o número de observações. Aborda-se o papel dos estudos de caso no tratamento da multicausalidade e da complexidade causal dos fenômenos sociais, discutindo em termos de validade interna e externa e de estratégias de análise causal. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se a favor de uma diferente perspectiva ao entendimento mais comum dos estudos de caso: em vez de se restringir aos desenhos que se estruturam a partir de uma ou poucas observações pela via qualitativa, também é possível compreendê-los como estratégia de pesquisa que adota modelos de análise em-pírica utilizando técnicas quantitativas a partir do estabelecimento de variações internas aos casos. Por fim, argumenta-se que as diferentes lógicas de causação e a característica densa dos estudos de caso atribuem rigor metodológico e um relevante papel na construção e no teste de teorias na Ciência Política.

Ethnographically Derived Socio-technical Analysis for Information System Support in Intensive Home Care

Developing information systems and collaboration support in the field of intensive home care is faced with challenging conditions of empirical work for requirements elicitation. On the one hand, the huge variety of aspects and situation-related characteristics require a deliberate analysis and close interaction with caregivers and relatives to identify the needs and constraints of technical support. On the other hand, the relevant places are hardly accessible. To be able to visit and observe the clients in situ, consent is needed by the caregiver, the client, and the relatives living with them, and a high level of privacy and confidentiality has to be maintained. Based on an ethnographical data gathering and analysis, this article provides a comprehensive categorization that characterizes the work of caregivers in intensive home, to make the work of information system designers in this field more efficient: activities, interpersonal interaction, documentation, qualification, interaction with technology, client autonomy, history of medical records, and feedback on intensive home care. Finally, these categories are compared with related work of socio-technical design of health care information systems.

In Orbit Operations of an Educational Cubesat: the e-st@r-II Experience

CubeSats have achieved a place of relevance in the modern space missions. However, CubeSats need improvements in terms of new technologies, mission and system reliability, and management of the entire product life cycle. A major lack of knowledge exists about the operations of past and current CubeSats in orbit. Operations planning and re-planning, failures and anomalies management, step-by-step procedures and rules of execution are crucial but poorly analyzed aspects that can increase the success rate of a mission. Moreover, information about the programmatic and technical achievements and lessons learned during the operation phases is often not available or incomplete. However, the sharing of the results, especially for educational programs, becomes fundamental to improve the quality of missions and to prevent mistakes. This paper aims at reducing this gap of knowledge and at sharing the experience and the lessons learned gained by the CubeSat Team of Politecnico di Torino over the three years of in-orbit operations of the E-ST@R-II mission. The flexible approach adopted for the operations planning, the management of anomalies and the re-planning of the operations are presented. Simple yet effective tools have been developed for mission planning and root causes identification, and they are presented through the discussion of the main technical and educational results. The paper provides also a list of good practices and recommendations applicable to future CubeSat missions.

Animal experimentation in transgenesis: evaluating course design in large classrooms.

Teachers are guided by an ethical code of conduct. Teacher behavior can be perceived as normative and can set standards; for example, in the field of animal experimentation. The importance of ethical standards raises the question of its transmission. This survey addressed the relevance of using large amphitheater teaching groups to educate students on the ethical aspects of animal experimentation. A course was built to include interactivity sequences to gather feedback from students about moral dilemmas or assertions about animal experimentation. To that end, surveys were conducted on third‐year students, prior to the course, shortly after the course and at the end of the academic year. Students were asked to indicate whether the experimental protocols were satisfactory. Before the course, few students reported ethical dimensions in the proposed protocols; animals were considered scientific objects, not sentient beings. The situation was noticeably different for students on courses with an emphasis on the animal as the unit of study. Although large classrooms are not considered to be relevant places to question ethical issues, the proportion of students discussing ethical aspects of protocols increased shortly after the lecture, and this increased at the end of the academic year. These observations suggest that the effect of teaching on ethical considerations was sustainable despite the lectures being performed in a large classroom.

Fully Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care Services at a Local Hospital in Mid-Norway: Development and Operation of an Innovative Care Delivery Model.

IntroductionEarly access to cancer palliative care is recommended. Descriptions of structures and processes of outpatient palliative care clinics operated within smaller hospitals are scarce. This paper presents the development and operation of a fully integrated cancer and palliative care outpatient clinic at a local hospital in a rural region of Mid-Norway offering palliative care concurrent with cancer treatment. A standardized care pathway was applied.MethodsPalliative care is in Norway part of the public healthcare system. Official recommendations recent years point out action points to improve delivery of palliative care. An integrated cancer and palliative care outpatient clinic at a local hospital and an innovative care delivery model was developed and operated in this setting. Patients were recruited for a descriptive study of the patient population. Clinical data were collected by clinical staff and 13 symptom intensities were reported by the patients.ResultsCancer and palliative care were provided by one team of healthcare professionals trained in both fields. There was a close collaboration with the other departments at the hospital, with its affiliated tertiary hospital, and with community health and care services to provide timely referral, enhanced continuity, and improved coordination of care. Eighty-eight patients were included. Mean age was 65.6 years, the most common cancer diagnoses were digestive organs (22.7%), male genital organs (20.5%) or breast (25.0%), 75.0% had metastatic or locally advanced cancer, 59.1% were treated with non-curative intention and 93.1% had Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 80%. Median scores of individual symptoms ranged from 0 to 3 (numerical rating scale, 0–10) and 61.0% reported at least one clinically significant symptom rating (≥ 4).ConclusionThis delivery model of integrated outpatient cancer and palliative care is particularly relevant in rural regions allowing cancer patients access to palliative care earlier in the disease trajectory and closer to home

Online Training for Franchises through a Learning Management System

It is well known that, for every company, the resource time is a factor of impact on its productivity. At present, the technical support area has taken a relevant place in companies, this is caused by the demand for learning and recovery of activities of employees, a client or managers. The training of a new staff in a company implies investment of the time of one or more people to know various processes and procedures, therefore, it is very important to support training courses in Learning Management Systems (LMS for their acronym in English), which are increasingly demanding due to their availability of resources, flexibility of topics and compliance with a required scope. The work shows the reciprocal influence between two development methodologies of a training course within an e-learning system for residents in the area of ​​technical support, using tools to create didactic content, embedded code, the results determine that the good use of This material has allowed staff to involve less or no amount of time to train a new employee. The success of the tool has challenged the development of training for other areas.