The distribution of potassium iodide tablets: is Belgium prepared for a nuclear incident? Potassium iodide tablets are protective in case of a nuclear accident with the release of radioactive iodine. After the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, there was an increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the affected areas. Disaster readiness was deficient, and the population was not aware of the possible protective measures. In Belgium, these potassium iodide tablets are freely available in any public pharmacy upon simply showing one’s identity card. We conducted a survey among the general population, pharmacists and school board members, showing that in Belgium too there is a need for more information. In addition, the survey revealed that in Belgium the distribution to the target groups should be improved. If a nuclear disaster occurs, it goes without saying that a proper organization of protective measures is mandatory. Unfortunately, in Belgium, so many years after Chernobyl, the necessary preparations for this have not yet been completed, while there are 5 nuclear sites within its borders. If the full potential of the potassium iodide tablets is to be exploited, a much better overall approach is urgently needed.