Relay Module Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА АППАРАТНОЙ ЧАСТИ И 3D-МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ КОРПУСА СИСТЕМЫ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ЗРЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ КОРНЕПЛОДОВ САХАРНОЙ СВЁКЛЫ

One of the problems of the sugar industry is the high quality loss of sugar beet roots during storage. The development of a technical vision system is aimed at ensuring greater safety of raw materials during harvesting and storage by analyzing raw materials arriving at factories. The concepts of technical vision and technical vision systems and its components are described in the work. The process of distribution of trucks at the receiving point of sugar factories by humans is considered. The purpose of the article is formulated, which is to develop the hardware of the technical vision system, as well as 3D modeling of the body. All characteristics of all components for the technical vision system have been determined. Based on the characteristics, components were selected to create the system. A block diagram of a technical vision system has been developed and described, including a power supply, a twoposition toggle switch, a DC-DC converter unit, a fuse block, a controller, an eight-channel relay module, a galvanic isolation module, a USB splitter with active power supply, a USB-UART converter, spotlight, laser distance sensor, industrial camera, USB modem, LED display, thermostat, heating plate, case fan, thermistor. The 3D modeling method is the KOMPAS-3D environment, in which models such as the protective housing of the technical vision system and the bracket for mounting it on site were created. The case is printed from PLA plastic, as it has high hardness and density, as a result of which the likelihood of the case breaking is low. The bracket is made of heat treated steel for high strength and durability. Based on the results of the work performed, the technical vision system was sent for testing and identification of deficiencies to the receiving point of a sugar factory in the Kursk region.

Prototype for automating the irrigation system using the arduino UNO R3 prototyping board for water control

The use of modern technologies in agriculture is essential, especially for irrigated crops, the sector with the highest consumption of water resources. Given this scenario, the main purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a prototype for irrigation, using low-cost technology based on the Arduino UNO R3 tool to monitor water control at specific times. The research has a qualitative-quantitative approach and was validated in a residence in the city of Castanhal, located in the northeastern region of the state of Pará, Brazil. The materials used to make the prototype were the Arduino model UNO R3, RTC module, solenoid valve, relay module, hoses, and sprinklers. The code developed was programmed in the C++ language, with the first test applied at 09h and the second at 16h, with an interval of 10 seconds. The results obtained from the tests showed that the prototype developed has a good ability to control water for irrigation, being turned on and off at the programmed times. It was also possible to see a high level of efficiency in the use of the Arduino UNO R3 prototyping board, as well as effective communication between the components used, demonstrating that technological tools are important for the management and control of water resources. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the objective proposed in the project was achieved, since the use of Arduino enabled the creation of a prototype for irrigation, with efficiency for controlling water waste.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KENDALI OTOMATIS DAN MONITORING SUHU DAN KELEMBAPAN PADA RUMAH BURUNG WALET BERBASIS BLYNK

Swallow's nest currently has a high economic value. Swallow's nest is made of swallow's saliva in the shape of a bowl. Swallow nests are naturally formed in caves or buildings that are quite humid with dim to dark lighting. This bird's nest is attached to the ceiling which is generally used by swallows as a place to rest and breed. This system uses ESP32 as a microcontroller that will control the mistmaker through a relay module, process and send the reading data from the BME280 sensor to the monitoring system with the blynk application. The type of mistmaker used to control environmental conditions in the swallow house is AUDAX AXH-5500. This system will maintain temperature conditions in the range of 26 - 29 ºC and humidity in the range of 80 - 90% RH. Mistmaker will be turned on if the temperature > 29 ºC or humidity < 80% RH and will be turned off when the temperature < 26 ºC or humidity above 90% RH. The test results of this study are the average temperature in the swallow house during the use of this tool is 28.17 ºC and humidity 84.24% RH.

Home Automation Using AI Tool

Home automation is becoming increasingly popular as people seek to simplify their lives and improve their living spaces. In this project, we explore how Husky Lens, an AI-powered image recognition sensor, can be used to control home automation systems with the help .of an Arduino board and a relay. By training Husky Lens to recognize different hand gestures or objects, we can use these gestures or objects to control various appliances or devices in our homes. For instance, a user can simply wave their hand in front of the Husky Lens sensor to turn on or off the lights or fan, or use an object such as a Smartphone to activate a door lock or a garage door. The system is built using an Arduino board to communicate with the Husky Lens and relay module, which in turn controls the appliances or devices. This provides a low-cost and customizable solution for home automation that can be easily expanded to incorporate additional features or devices.

A Study of the Current Quality of a Network Inverter with Relay and Pulse Width Modulation

A Study of the Current Quality of a Network Inverter with Relay and Pulse Width Modulation

A low-cost Wi-Fi smart home socket using internet of things

With the emergence of smart home appliances, traditional power sockets are becoming less compatible with modern living styles. Furthermore, modern commercialized sockets are expensive and unaffordable. This project presents the development of a low-cost Wi-Fi smart home socket using internet of things (IoT) technology that is user-friendly for smartphone users to control home appliances. Smart home socket devices can turn on and off power outlets automatically from any location if they are linked to the internet and providing the user with more convenience and energy savings. This project uses a node microcontroller unit (NodeMCU) Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) as the main microcontroller unit to connect to a cloud platform. It also uses a mobile phone application to send instructions to the microcontroller for turning on and off household appliances remotely through a smart socket. The switching mechanism is monitored and controlled through the Blynk platform. A 4-channel relay module is used to transition DC current loads to AC current loads in order to activate switching processes. According to the study’s findings, the Wi-Fi smart home socket system is able to save on excessive usage of electrical appliances while also increasing electrical appliance safety.

IoT-based solar-powered smart irrigation system with solar tracker for rice fields

Water management in irrigated agricultural fields is a critical issue in Bangladesh due to a lack of improved irrigation facilities for efficient use of irrigation water, and the cost of crop production is high with low agricultural productivity in agriculture. Therefore, this research aimed to design and implement an internet of things (IoT)-based solar-powered smart irrigation system by sensing the soil moisture levels and periodically controlling the pump operations when the soil moisture is below the required level. A sun-tracking solar system was developed to generate more electricity by tracking the orientation of the sun. A comparison was made between the energy of a fixed-panel solar system with a 24.95° tilt angle and a solar tracking system with no tilt angle. The solar tracker device utilizes a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to track the sun, aligning the 150 W solar panel perpendicular to maximize energy capture. This energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in a 12V battery for powering the operation of the submersible pump (DC 12V, 150 W). A wireless sensor network was employed to monitor pumping status and energy comparison in a rice field. A sub-station transferred water level data wirelessly to a main station, where a microcontroller processed the data. The relay module automatically triggered pumping, and the data was stored in the cloud. The solar tracking system outperformed the fixed-panel system with a fixed tilt angle of 24.95° in terms of output power by a remarkable 26.72%. There is a huge potential for solar irrigation systems in Bangladesh, and they can provide sustainable solutions with low irrigation costs. Therefore, this IoT-based solar-powered smart irrigation system could play a vital role in improving irrigation management systems with increased water use efficiency.

Future of Home Automation: A Comprehensive Study on PLC-Based System

We provide a thorough introduction to PLC-based home automation in this paper, with an emphasis on how sensors and actuators work together to provide intelligent control and monitoring. The suggested system makes use of actuators including fans and lights, Solid State Relay (SSR) modules, motion sensors, light sensors, temperature sensors, and relay modules to provide an effective and responsive automation solution. The PLC uses real-time data collection and analysis to carry out pre-programmed logic that allows it to operate different devices in an adaptive manner according to user preferences and environmental conditions. The rest of the paper is structured as : A review of the literature is given in Section 2, wherein PLC-based home automation advancements and research are examined. The components and features of the suggested automation system are described in depth in Section 3, which also explains the system design and functioning. The implementation processes—hardware setup, programming, testing, and deployment—are covered in Section 4. The article is finally concluded in Section 5, which also suggests future paths for PLC-based home automation research

Optimized water management for precision agriculture using IoT-based smart irrigation system

This project introduces a Smart Irrigation System aimed at enhancing water efficiency in agriculture through the integration of an Arduino Uno micro-controller and a variety of sensors. The system incorporates a soil moisture sensor, a DHT11 sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity, an LCD, a buzzer for alerts, and a relay module to control a pump motor. The main goal is to create an automated irrigation system that adjusts to environmental conditions, thereby optimizing water usage for plant growth. The soil moisture sensor continuously evaluates soil moisture levels, while the DHT11 sensor keeps tabs on temperature and humidity. The Arduino Uno processes this data and displays it on an LCD screen. When the soil moisture falls below a predefined threshold, the system activates a buzzer and triggers the relay to turn on the pump motor. The LCD provides real-time feedback on environmental conditions and the irrigation status. This Smart Irrigation System offers several advantages, including water conservation, energy efficiency, and improved plant health. By automating irrigation based on real sensor data, the system minimizes water wastage and ensures that plants receive optimal moisture levels. Additionally, temperature and humidity monitoring contribute to effective microenvironment management. The project serves as a demonstration of IoT-based solutions for agricultural challenges, featuring a modular design that allows for scalability. Future developments may include incorporating additional sensors, enabling wireless connectivity for remote monitoring, and integration with weather data. In summary, the system provides a practical and cost-effective solution for sustainable agriculture, promoting water conservation and efficient farming practices.

Crop Protection Against Wild Animal and Alert System using Deep Learning

A crop's vulnerability to animal assaults exists. Protecting agricultural areas is a difficult task these days. It is imperative to search for any critters that might have a more detrimental effect on the crop as a result. The following creatures can be found in the protected area: The preservation of the grain crop is of utmost importance due to its sustained attacks over time. The topic has been approached in a way that makes the current approaches ineffective; in this study, we propose a strategy to protect farms from wild animals without causing harm to them, thereby creating a system that considers their needs (deer, nilgai, wild boar, etc.). To find the animal and make a loud noise to frighten them. In order to address this issue, the suggested approach uses the Mobile Net concept to create an IOT and deep learning based model that detects the early arrival of wild animals. When a wild animal is spotted, an automatic stone gun controlled by an Arduino UNO with a relay module triggers a servo motor to launch stones at the animals without endangering them. Keywords: Priority, Mobile Net, IOT, Deep Learning, Arduino UNO.

IoT based Smart Watering System with Remote Monitoring and Control

This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based smart watering system equipped with monitoring and control capabilities using Blynk IoT software. The system integrates various components including soil moisture sensor, water flow sensor, 12V water pump motor, relay module, and NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. Through this setup, users can remotely monitor soil moisture levels, control water flow to plants, and automate watering schedules via the Blynk mobile application. This paper discusses the system architecture, hardware setup, software implementation, and presents experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed solution. Key Words: IoT, Smart watering system, remote monitoring.

Smart Temperature Dependent Cooling of Solar panel Using Arduino

This project involves the integration of various hardware components, including an Arduino board, a temperature sensor, an LCD display, a relay module, a CPU fan, and an ESP8266NodeMCU. The goal is to create a system that can monitor temperature, display information on an LCD screen, a relay to control fan, a CPU fan, and upload collected data to a web server for remote access and analysis. The temperature sensor is connected to the Arduino board to measure the ambient temperature. The LCD display provides real-time temperature readings and system status information. The relay module enables the Arduino to control an external device based on predefined temperature thresholds. Additionally, a CPU fan is integrated to manage the temperature of a system component. This enhances the overall system stability and efficiency. The ESP8266 Node MCU, acting as a Wi-Fi Module, connects the system to the internet. It gathers temperature data from the Arduino and periodically uploads it to a designated web server via HTTP or other suitable protocols. This enables users to monitor temperature trends and system performance remotely, providing insights into environmental conditions and operational effectiveness. The integration of these components involves programming the Arduino and Node MCU using relevant libraries and languages such as c / c++ and Arduino IDE. The Arduino code manages data collection, LCD display, relay control, and fan speed regulation, ensuring seamless coordination between the components. The Node MCU code establishes a connection to the Wi-Fi network, formats and transmits data to the web server, and handles any necessary security considerations. Keywords: CPU Fan, Arduino, solar panels, Templates, Journals.

Design of Automatic Cleaning System on Solar Panel Using IoT-based Wiper

Condition of the solar panel surface covered by dust and other particles can obstruct the absorption of sunlight, requiring maintenance and monitoring of the panel’s condition. The objective of this research is to facilitate human tasks in cleaning solar panels with an automatic cleaning device in the presence of dust and dirt. The methodology in this study begins with planning and designing to facilitate the construction phase of the tool. Data collection involves using a batch system or repeated data collection. Constructed tool yields an electric voltage on the clean surface of the solar panel more than in the dirty condition, with a voltage difference of 9.57 volts under a light intensity of <1000. The mechanism of this tool involves a single-channel relay module driving the cleaning motor (dust remover) and functioning as a sliding wheel. Dust sensors and RTC module are used in the reading process, and a servo motor moves the cleaner. The results of this process have been integrated with the IoT, allowing real-time monitoring of the solar panel surface condition using an Android device. It is expected that this research will assist the community in reducing costs and improving the efficiency of energy usage.

Office Access System using RFID and Smart Lock

The RFID Door Access Control System ensures the security and dependability of numerous secure medical and scientific facilities, official premises, and locker rooms that house confidential files, granting access only to restricted individuals. The system combines various access methods and fortified security measures, ensuring convenient user access while remaining in-penetrable to unauthorized individuals. This research paper aimed to design a prototype of 3-layer authentication security system based on a solenoid door lock, 4x4 Keypad, RFID cards, Relay Module, 16x2 LCD, ESP32 micro-controller, RC-522 Reader module, and Blynk application. The project focuses on designing and implementing a robust system that integrates RFID technology with smart locks to grant authorized personnel access to numerous sections within the office premises.

IoT-based health monitoring and fault detection of industrial AC induction motor for efficient predictive maintenance

This research paper presents the development and implementation of an integrated condition monitoring and fault detection system for AC induction motors using a combination of sensors, GSM communication, and a cloud-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The proposed system aims to enhance industrial motors’ operational reliability and efficiency by providing real-time data monitoring and early fault detection. The key components of the system include temperature, vibration, current, voltage, and speed sensors, which are strategically placed to gather critical motor performance data. These sensors feed data to an Arduino-based control unit responsible for sensor data acquisition and processing. To ensure timely response to anomalies, the system is equipped with an alarm system and GSM alerts, which notify designated personnel in case of abnormal motor behavior. Moreover, the paper incorporates remote monitoring capabilities, enabling users to access motor health data and real-time status from a distance. Historical data is also stored for analysis and comparison through the integration of a cloud-based Blynk-IoT platform. Additionally, the system facilitates RPM control and utilizes relay modules for seamless motor control and protection. The proposed system was tested and validated using Proteus for circuit diagram simulation and Arduino for sensor coding. The results demonstrate its effectiveness in detecting abnormal motor behavior and its potential to prevent catastrophic failures by enabling predictive maintenance. The proposed system successfully detects and displays abnormalities in important parameters like vibration, temperature, speed, three-phase currents, and voltages with 99% accuracy.

Design of IoT-based solar array cleaning system with enhanced performance and efficiency

Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels suffer from a reduction in performance due to dirt and environmental pollutants accumulating on their surface. As the number of solar panels installed grows, boosting their efficiency becomes more crucial to optimizing electricity output while decreasing the need for additional panels. Cleaning the PV panels can increase their efficiency, and an automated cleaning system with cutting-edge technologies can improve cleaning effectiveness. This article proposes a system that utilizes the Messaging Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol to enhance the efficiency of solar panels. Also, the system harnesses the power of IoT technology to automate the cleaning process. The system incorporates IoT-enabled sensors, actuators, and communication modules, all controlled by ESP-32. We programed the microcontroller using the software Arduino and Visual Studio Code. The Adafruit IO controls and monitors the system. Users can switch between fully automatic and manual modes using the Adafruit dashboard. The system utilizes DC motors, nylon brushes, a metal frame, a relay module, a buck converter, and a boost converter. A 10W solar panel powers the system with the help of a 20 A charge controller and a 12 V/2.5 Ah battery. The Adafruit dashboard fully controls and monitors the developed system. By automating the cleaning process and leveraging real-time data, the system maximizes solar power generation efficiency, minimizing downtime. The system increases the efficiency of tested 30 W solar panels by 30%.

Face Recognition Door Security System and Contactless Bell

Every human being wants to have a comfortable and safe home from various criminal acts, especially theft of valuables and crimes of assault or threats of violence. Therefore, home security is important for homeowners. In this case, a tool is made that aims to make a door security system using facial recognition biometrics and combining it with a contactless bell. Face recognition uses OpenCV based on an open source library to recognize faces in realtime using the Python programming language. This tool works by using a webcam that will be controlled by a raspberry pi 4 and arduino uno to match facial features to be detected and recognized. Arduino uno will be connected to the relay module to control the bell and selenoid doorlock to open automatically. After testing and analyzing the smart doorlock and contactless bell security system, it can be decided that this security system can work well in accordance with the design of the working principle and the results achieved according to the function and work of the tool.

Design and development of a variable ultrasonic frequency generator for rodents repellent

Rodent is one of the major stored pests in Bangladesh, which causes a huge problem in the food sector. They substantially harm to crops and other valuable items on a large scale. Chemically rodent repellents already exist, but because of their toxicity and high price, they are not recommended for use in food storage. The aim of the study was to develop an electronic rodent-repelling circuit that is capable of generating variable ultrasonic frequencies. These frequencies cause discomfort for pests including rats, and nocturnal insects, which affects their aural senses. A device was successfully designed and constructed by microcontroller, printed circuit board, passive infrared sensor, liquid crystal display, Relay module, and other relative components. The device was vigorously tested in Precision Lab, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the device's repellent efficacy, considering factors such as range, coverage area, power consumption, and durability. The device functioned as it detected the presence of rodents and then released frequency by the positive signal for 30 s. The device generated ultrasonic signals within the range of 20–125 kHz and detected signals from any live substances up to 4.5 m with an error of a maximum of ±0.428 %. The frequency range of rodent hearing is approximately 20 Hz to 300 kHz, with the greatest sensitivity between 30 and 70 kHz, affecting their aural senses and causing discomfort. Therefore, the developed ultrasonic rodent-repellent circuit can be a practical and sustainable solution for repelling stored rodents, which mitigates storage losses caused by rodent infestations.

Maximizing energy via solar‐powered smart irrigation: An approach utilizing a single‐axis solar tracking mechanism

AbstractThis study presents and assesses the novelty of a cutting‐edge solar‐powered automated irrigation system that incorporates a single‐axis solar tracker. The research entails the meticulous development of a prototype, followed by comprehensive experimental scrutiny spanning 3 days, from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. In a unique approach, we benchmark the findings against previous research endeavours, highlighting the transformative potential of our innovative design.Our innovative system harnesses a singular‐axis solar tracking mechanism alongside moisture sensors and a water pump relay module, resulting in the creation of an autonomous irrigation system perpetually powered by solar energy. The results are noteworthy, showcasing the capability of a solar panel equipped with single‐axis tracking to significantly boost photovoltaic output power. This configuration attains a remarkable 65% increase in total output power and a substantial improvement over the modest 52%–53% performance of fixed solar panels. This substantial divergence translates to a noteworthy 12%–13% difference in efficacy, underscoring the pioneering nature of our research.The zenith of power output, ranging between 3.16 and 3.68 W, transpires from noon to 2:00 PM, further illustrating the system's viability. The integrated water pump exhibits commendable efficiency, attaining levels as high as 75%. This revelation underscores the transformative potential of automated irrigation systems endowed with single‐axis solar tracking technology, auguring amplified system performance and heralding a new era of sustainable agricultural practices.

SOSIALISASI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUKTIVITAS PANEN UDANG MELALUI PENGONTROLAN KADAR AIR BERBASIS IOT DI DESA KUALA CEURAPE

Pond water quality is the main factor for the survival and productivity of shrimp farming. Physical parameters such as temperature, salinity and water turbidity are the main indicators of pond water quality. Poor water quality can reduce appetite, growth rate, and increase the risk of disease in shrimp. To overcome this problem, an effective monitoring and control system is needed. The method used in implementing this community service activity covering observation, design and socialization of the use of IoT-based automatic water content control devices. The results showed that the device is effective in helping fishermen controlling water levels automatically, increasing efficiency and effectiveness. The technology used includes the Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, RTC, LCD, relay module, motor driver, and DC motor. This activity is expected to provide new knowledge for fishermen in increasing shrimp productivity and quality through automatic control of pond water.