Relaxation Techniques Research Articles

Engagement With a Relaxation and Mindfulness Mobile App Among People With Cancer: Exploratory Analysis of Use Data and Self-Reports From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Mobile health (mHealth) apps offer unique opportunities to support self-care and behavior change, but poor user engagement limits their effectiveness. This is particularly true for fully automated mHealth apps without any human support. Human support in mHealth apps is associated with better engagement but at the cost of reduced scalability. This work aimed to (1) describe the theory-informed development of a fully automated relaxation and mindfulness app to reduce distress in people with cancer (CanRelax app 2.0), (2) describe engagement with the app on multiple levels within a fully automated randomized controlled trial over 10 weeks, and (3) examine whether engagement was related to user characteristics. The CanRelax app 2.0 was developed in iterative processes involving input from people with cancer and relevant experts. The app includes evidence-based relaxation exercises, personalized weekly coaching sessions with a rule-based conversational agent, 39 self-enactable behavior change techniques, a self-monitoring dashboard with gamification elements, highly tailored reminder notifications, an educational video clip, and personalized in-app letters. For the larger study, German-speaking adults diagnosed with cancer within the last 5 years were recruited via the web in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. Engagement was analyzed in a sample of 100 study participants with multiple measures on a micro level (completed coaching sessions, relaxation exercises practiced with the app, and feedback on the app) and a macro level (relaxation exercises practiced without the app and self-efficacy toward self-set weekly relaxation goals). In week 10, a total of 62% (62/100) of the participants were actively using the CanRelax app 2.0. No associations were identified between engagement and level of distress at baseline, sex assigned at birth, educational attainment, or age. At the micro level, 71.88% (3520/4897) of all relaxation exercises and 714 coaching sessions were completed in the app, and all participants who provided feedback (52/100, 52%) expressed positive app experiences. At the macro level, 28.12% (1377/4897) of relaxation exercises were completed without the app, and participants' self-efficacy remained stable at a high level. At the same time, participants raised their weekly relaxation goals, which indicates a potential relative increase in self-efficacy. The CanRelax app 2.0 achieved promising engagement even though it provided no human support. Fully automated social components might have compensated for the lack of human involvement and should be investigated further. More than one-quarter (1377/4897, 28.12%) of all relaxation exercises were practiced without the app, highlighting the importance of assessing engagement on multiple levels.

Durable effects of acupuncture for tension-type headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAcupuncture may be effective in treating tension-type headache (TTH). The durability of its effects after treatment completion remains inconclusive. MethodsWe searched multiple databases and references from previous reviews for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effectiveness of acupuncture for TTH. We assessed the methodological quality of RCTs using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2) tool. Primary outcome was response rate, defined as the proportion of participants who reported at least a 50% reduction in monthly headache days from baseline after completion of treatment. Secondary outcomes included headache days, headache intensity, and analgesic use. Safety outcomes were also evaluated. ResultsA total of seven RCTs involving 3,221 participants with frequent episodic and chronic TTH were included. Individuals receiving acupuncture reported a significantly higher response rate versus sham acupuncture (SA) immediately and at 1–6 months after completion of treatment (P<0.05). Compared with SA, post-treatment results of headache days and headache intensity appeared consistent on the whole, showing associations favoring acupuncture. However, no significant reduction in analgesic use was found post-treatment. Acupuncture showed no superiority over physical training or relaxation training in headache days and headache intensity. Moreover, no serious adverse events associated with acupuncture were reported. ConclusionLimited evidence suggested that acupuncture might provide durable post-treatment effects in the management of frequent episodic and chronic TTH for up to 6 months compared with SA,with no severe treatment-related adverse events reported.

Efficiently linear and unconditionally energy-stable time-marching schemes with energy relaxation for the phase-field surfactant model

In this article, we consider consistent, efficient, and accurate numerical approximations for a recently developed Cahn–Hilliard type phase-field surfactant model enjoying the bounded-from-below condition of total energy. The phase-field surfactant model naturally satisfies the energy dissipation property in time. Based on this feature, we construct linearly decoupled and unconditionally energy-stable time-marching schemes based on an efficient variant of scalar auxiliary variable approach. To enhance the consistency of discrete modified energy and discrete original energy, a practical energy relaxation technique is adopted. We analytically proved the unique solvability and unconditional energy stability of the proposed schemes. In each time step, only two linear elliptic type equations with constants coefficients need to be solved and several algebraic operations need to be performed. Therefore, the proposed schemes are highly efficient and easy to implement. The space is discretized by the finite difference method and the linear multigrid algorithm is used to accelerate the convergence. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method not only has desired accuracy in time but also satisfies the energy dissipation law even if larger time steps are used. Furthermore, the surfactant laden spinodal decompositions and surfactant absorptions can be well simulated.

Efektivitas Terapi Dzikir Dan Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam Terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Appendictomy Usia Remaja

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix that often requires a surgical removal called an appendectomy. Anxiety is commonly experienced by adolescents facing appendicitis surgery, which can affect their recovery process. Dhikr therapy and deep breathing relaxation techniques are non-pharmacological methods aimed at reducing anxiety levels and providing a sense of calm to patients. This study used a case study approach with one intervention patient and one control patient. Nursing care was provided to adolescent patients with appendicitis who experienced anxiety before undergoing an appendectomy. The intervention consisted of dhikr therapy and deep breathing relaxation techniques administered for 45 minutes. Patient assessment was conducted using the HARS questionnaire and evaluating the patient's vital signs. The study showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels in the adolescent intervention respondent compared to the control respondent. Anxiety scores in the intervention respondents decreased significantly after receiving dhikr therapy and deep breathing relaxation techniques. This indicates that the combination of these two therapies is effective in reducing anxiety in adolescents with appendicitis undergoing an appendectomy. This study concludes that dhikr therapy and deep breathing relaxation techniques can be effective methods for managing anxiety in adolescents facing appendicitis surgery. Implementing these methods in clinical care can help improve the quality of life and recovery process for patients. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of these therapies and their application to a broader population.

Effect of Deep Breathing Relaxation and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Blood Pressure

Hypertension, characterized by diastolic pressure exceeding 90 mmHg and systolic pressure surpassing 140 mmHg, poses a significant health challenge often addressed through pharmacological antihypertensive therapy. This research endeavors to evaluate the impact of complementary interventions, specifically deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation, on reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients within the operational domain of the Kertasemaya Community Health Center in the Indramayu Regency in 2023. Adopting a Quasi-Experimental Design with a Pretest-Posttest and Control Group paradigm, the study engaged a cohort of 70 respondents stratified into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent a combined therapy of deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation, followed by a meticulous post-test for final observations. Meanwhile, the control group underwent an initial blood pressure measurement (pre-test), a relaxation period of 15-30 minutes, and concluded with a post-test for final measurements. The study revealed a statistically significant influence (p=0.013) on average blood pressure within the intervention group compared to the control group. This disparity was observed both before and after the implementation of deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation techniques among hypertensive respondents. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in mitigating hypertension and enhancing patient well-being. The combination of deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation emerges as a highly effective strategy in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive individuals. This integrative therapeutic approach showcases promising potential for promoting cardiovascular well-being, offering a valuable non-pharmacological avenue for hypertension management

EFFECTIVENESS OF SO HUM MEDITATION IN REDUCING THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC STRESS AMONG FIRST SEMESTER B.SC. NURSING STUDENTS

Background:. Human beings have a natural power to cope with and manage with the stressful situations.Among all professions, nursing profession is considered as highly stressful for students. Nursing students face various stressful situations in their college life, like time pressure, excessive workload, clinical duties, long college hours, examinations and results. Some of the relaxation techniques that can help to reduce stress are guided imagery, mantra meditation, yoga and breathing exercises. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of So hum meditation among the first semester B.Sc. Nursing students at Government College of Nursing, Pauri, and Uttarakhand. Materials and Methods:Quasi-experimental approach with time series design was used in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 65 first semester B.Sc. Nursing students. The subjects were given So hum meditation for approximately 15-20 minutes, once a day for four weeks. Pre-test, Post- test I and post-test II were conducted by using Academic Stress Rating Scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the data. Result: Mean age of study participants was 31.9±7.77. Results revealed that a reduction in Academic stress with a mean difference (MD) of22.89, f value 47.56 following four weeks of So hum meditation was found significant at p = 0.001. Conclusion: This study concluded that So hum meditation is effective in reducing Academic stress among first semester B.Sc. nursing students.

Non-pharmacological interventions to prevent return of gastric ulcers: A systematic review

Recurrence of gastric ulcers is a significant concern, and non-pharmacological interventions play an important role in their prevention. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in preventing gastric ulcer recurrence. The aim of this research is Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Prevent Recurrence of Gastric Ulcers: A Systematic Review". The research method in this study was the literature method. The literature method was carried out by means of a comprehensive search carried out in several databases, including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, using predefined search terms. Studies published from (start date) to (end date) were included. Two independent reviewers screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies using standard tools. The results show that non-pharmacological interventions are quite promising in preventing recurrence of gastric ulcers. Dietary modifications, such as avoiding spicy and acidic foods, and adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, are associated with a reduced risk of relapse. Lifestyle changes, particularly smoking cessation and reducing alcohol consumption, have shown a positive impact on healing ulcers and preventing recurrence. Stress management techniques, such as relaxation exercises and cognitive behavioral therapy, show potential benefits in reducing ulcer recurrence rates. Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture and herbal remedies, have shown mixed results, with some studies showing positive effects in preventing recurrence. Non-pharmacological interventions offer a valuable approach to preventing gastric ulcer recurrence. Dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, stress management techniques, and complementary therapies show promising results in reducing relapse rates. These findings highlight the importance of integrating non-pharmacological interventions into gastric ulcer management and prevention strategies. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore optimal implementation methods.

A Lagrangian relaxation approach for resource allocation problem with capacity constraints

AbstractThis study evaluates a capacitated facility location model enhanced with distance constraints for an emergency response problem, ensuring certain neighborhoods remain within an accessible range from facilities following a hurricane. The proposed model takes into account the capacity constraints for drones and vehicles. The model determines optimal locations for facilities and the distribution of supplies across the city. It also specifies which facilities should support the needs of each neighborhood and decides on the appropriate mode of transportation—ground vehicles if possible, or drones if roadways are obstructed. To solve the problem, a Lagrangian relaxation technique is employed, relaxing the constraints related to facility capacity and distance. The numerical results confirm the quality and efficiency of the solutions. The findings indicate that ground transportation is more frequently utilized than drones at each operational facility. A comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses is conducted to examine the impact of various variables and parameters on the solution.

Application of Relaxation Techniques And Hypnobirthing Methodsto Reduce Anxiety During Birth in Novi lintas east district midwifery clinic Panyambungan District Christmas Mandailing Year 2024

Application of Relaxation Techniques And Hypnobirthing Methodsto Reduce Anxiety During Birth in Novi lintas east district midwifery clinic Panyambungan District Christmas Mandailing Year 2024

Intervention Programs Targeting Burnout in Health Professionals: A Systematic Review.

Burnout is an occupational syndrome, with a higher prevalence in professionals whose close involvement with other people is significant. There is a great diversity of professionals at risk of burnout, and therefore the implementation of intervention programs is relevant, as helping people to maintain their mental and emotional health enables them to become more meaningfully involved in their communities and become more effective and active global citizens. We aimed to review systematically the characteristics of interventions targeting burnout in health professionals. The search was conducted in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, following the PRISMA model, and 16 eligible articles were identified between 2012 and 2023. Mindfulness showed great efficacy in preventing burnout, by reducing stress levels and promoting empathy. In addition, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, and music therapy showed to improve burnout and occupational stress levels. Balint groups have also helped slow the progression of burnout. Implications about the need for future research to foster the promotion of well-being and mental health of health professionals are mentioned. Mindfulness, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, music therapy and balint groups proved to be effective in preventing burnout.

"Ariadne's Thread": Psycho-educational Empowerment Intervention for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.

"Ariadne's thread" is a psycho-educational intervention designed by the Breast Unit and the Clinical Psychology Unit of an Italian Comprehensive Cancer Center and aims to promote empowerment in patients with metastatic breast cancer. It consists of 8 online meetings led by a psycho-oncologist in which informative sessions by patients' referring physicians alternate with moments of stress management techniques. This study aims to investigate (1) the feasibility of the "Ariadne's thread" pilot intervention and (2) the satisfaction and perceived benefits of the pilot intervention. We used a mixed method approach in which (1) it was detected: the number of acceptance to the single session of the intervention by both patients and professionals, the number of help requests by patients, and the number of change of date requests by professionals; (2) semi-structured interviews were conducted with the professionals who participated in the intervention; (3) 2 focus groups were conducted with patients, and (4) a questionnaire was submitted to each of them. The intervention is sustainable from the perspective of the organization, professionals, and patients. In particular, the patients declared perceiving benefits in many aspects: improved relationships with doctors, acceptance of their illness, learning of a relaxation technique, possibility to look at the world with trust and hope, etc. The questionnaires show an improvement in empowerment and satisfaction as a result of the intervention. "Ariadne's thread" is a psycho-educational intervention that effectively addresses the needs of patients with MBC. It can be applied to other contexts (1) if it has been confirmed that similar needs exist or (2) if it can be modified to accommodate other needs.

Complementary and alternative medicine use in migraine patients: results from a national patient e-survey.

This cross-sectional study aims to investigate migraineurs' preferred complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) types and the factors influencing their usage. An anonymous e-survey was distributed to Lithuanian Migraine Association members, and social media migraine support communities. The collected data consisted of demographic, migraine-related questions, personal qualities, CAM habits. 470 respondents were analyzed. 95.96% were women with a median age of 37 (IQR 31, 44). The median duration of migraine was 17.5 years (IQR 10, 25) and the median headache severity was rated 8 (IQR 7, 10) out of 10. 68.90% of participants had one or more headache days per week. 71.49% of respondents were triptan users, 27.66% used medical prophylaxis, and 17.87% used monoclonal antibodies. 52.55% of respondents used CAM in the past 12 months. Physical activity (36.17%), dietary changes/fasting (27.02%), relaxation/meditation (26.60%) were the most used CAM types. Reasons for CAM use included dissatisfaction with conventional treatment effectiveness (42.51%), concerns about safety (48.18%) and adverse effects (37.25%). Factors associated with the decision to explore CAM included longer headache duration (p = 0.017, Mann-Whitney U test), frequent sick leaves (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test), current preventive medication use (p = 0.016, chi-square test), positive views on CAM safety/naturality (p = 0.001/ p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test), belief of having a healthy diet (p < 0.001, chi-square test), food-related worries (p = 0.011, Mann-Whitney U test) and Big-five personality trait of openness to experience (p = 0.049, chi-square test). After logistic regression, the frequent need to take sick leaves, having a healthy diet, food-associated fears maintained statistical significance. CAM use was not associated with non-adherence to conventional medicine. 48.99% of CAM consumers disclosed CAM use to their doctors. CAM is explored by a significant proportion of migraineurs, less than half communicate this to their doctors. In our sample, physical activity, dietary changes, and relaxation techniques were the most common. Many patients opted for CAM due to previously experienced side effects/ineffectiveness of conventional migraine treatment or the fear of potential harm from standard medication. Individual factors, such as openness of personality can be an important contributing factor.

Effect of breathing relaxation exercises on reducing pain during chest tube removal: A meta-analysis

BackgroundChest tube removal (CTR) is perceived as a distressing experience by patients due to moderate or severe pain. Pain management is considered to be the primary nursing role. Relaxation takes the patient away from the thought of pain and increases the release of endorphins, further reducing pain PurposeThe aim of this study is to provide evidence of the effectiveness of breathing relaxation exercises in reducing pain during chest tube removal. DesignA meta-analysis. MethodsDatabase searches were carried out in Pub med, Complementary Index, MEDLINE, Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL Complete, OpenAIRE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Supplemental Index, Science Direct without restriction of year up to September 2023. The study was carried out in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane 2021 recommendations. The intervention effects were pooled using the random effects model. The Risk of Bias 2 tool was' used to assess the risk of bias.Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. FindingsA total of 6 randomised controlled trials were included. Breathing relaxation exercises was determined to have an excellent and negative effect on pain intensity assessed immediately after chest tube removal (Hedge's g=-1,557,%95 GA=-1,841- -1,274, 280 hasta (negzersiz=139; nkontrol=141), p = 0.000). Breathing relaxation exercises was determined to have a high and negative impact on pain intensity assessed 15 min after chest tube removal ((Hedge's g=-0.816, 95 % CI=-1.299–0.333, 320 patients (nexercise=159; ncontrol=161). , p = 0.000). ConclusionsBreathing relaxation exercises were found to be effective in reducing pain immediately after chest tube removal and 15 min after chest tube removal.

Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi di Desa Lamglumpang Kota Banda Aceh

Background: Hypertension is a state of change where blood pressure increases chronically. The hypertensive disease is often called a “silent killer” because it can appear without symptoms or warning signs, so many people fail to recognize it. Purpose: To provide an overview of nursing care for patient, who suffers from hypertension. Methods: The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach described through the nursing process. The implementation of nursing interventions was carried out for 5 days and the main problems were measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results: The result showed that client has an increased understanding of non-pharmacological pain deep breath relaxation techniques, and there is a decrease in pain scale form 4 NRS to 0 NRS. For the diagnoses of ineffective health management, the result showed increased knowledge related to hypertension, warm water foot baths, and the application of dietary patterns. Thus, it resulted in a decrease in blood pressure, which was 9/15 mmHg. Conclusion: After implementing warm water foot soak therapy for 5 consecutive days, it can be concluded that warm water foot soak therapy is very influential in controlling and reducing the client's blood pressure. Warm water foot soak therapy shows effective results where blood pressure is reduced by 9/10 mmHg.

Effect Of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy And Slow Deep Breathing On Blood Pressure Of Elderly With Hypertension

Hypertension is one of the degenerative diseases that often appear in the elderly. This starts with a person's inability to control or maintain a stable condition of blood pressure in the body. The frequent visits of the elderly to the elderly Posyandu in Janti village with complaints and blood pressure above normal reflect the lack of efforts of the elderly in controlling or stabilizing blood pressure in the body. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy andslow deep breathing on hypertension elderly blood pressure. Research design Like an experiment with a sample of 62 elderly people with hypertension, selected by purposive sampling technique which was then divided into 2 groups, 31 people in the treatment group were given a combination of progressive muscle relaxation andslow deep breathing, and 31 people in the control group were given therapyslow deep breathig. Data analysis used the Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. The results of the study in the treatment group before being given the intervention obtained an average of 146.00 mmHg systolic, 91.52 mmHg diastolic (degree 1 hypertension). Independent T-Test analysis found on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse value ρ = 0.000 &lt; α = 0.05, meaning that there is a combination effect of progressive muscle relaxation and music therapy on blood pressure and pulse. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy and slow deep breathing can reduce blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. It is hoped that this therapy can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients in addition to using pharmacological therapy.

Intervensi Kombinasi Relaksasi Teknik Genggam Jari dan Terapi Murottal Surat Ar-Rahman Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Ibu Post Sectio Caesaria Dengan Preeklamsia

Background: Preeclampsia is currently still a threatening problem from the pregnancy to postpartum period. Preeclampsia can cause complications that occur from the pregnancy period to postpartum, so non-pharmacological management is needed to reduce symptoms, one of which is finger-hold relaxation therapy and murottal. Objective: To implement a nursing intervention combined with finger grip relaxation therapy and Surah Ar-Rahman murottal therapy to reduce blood pressure in post caesarean section mothers with preeclampsia. Method: This research uses a case study method with pre-post intervention. The sample for this study was 1 mother post caesarean section with preeclampsia. The intervention carried out was the provision of finger-hold relaxation therapy with Al-Quran murotal therapy which was carried out every 10 minutes for 3 days. This intervention was carried out once/day and observation and blood pressure measurements were carried out pre-post intervention. The measuring instrument used is a sphygmomanometer. Results: The results showed that with the intervention of finger-hold relaxation techniques and Al-Quran murotal therapy, blood pressure decreased from 170/110 to 139/90 mmHg. Conclusion: Providing nursing care by applying a combination of finger grip relaxation techniques and Al Quran murotals is effective in reducing blood pressure in post caesarean section mothers with preeclampsia.

Relaxed minds for healthier food choice at school: A field experiment in southern Mexico

Stress leads to unhealthy food choices since the school-age stage. Yet, there is limited evidence particularly in low- and middle-income countries regarding the impact of stress-reduction strategies on school-age children's food choices. Such aspects were crucial during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated psychological distress and unhealthier food choices among children. Two years after the pandemic began, we conducted a field experiment in southern Mexico to assess the impact of stress-reduction strategies on the food choices of over 1400 children aged 9–12. Half of the school-classes in the sample were randomly assigned to a stress reduction strategy namely meditation, which comprised six audios with basic relaxation techniques and intuitive messages to guide food choices. Additionally, all participants received information signalling that an amaranth snack was nutritious (i.e., the healthy snack), which was paired with a chocolate bar (i.e., the unhealthy snack) as part of a snack choice experiment. Students that practiced meditation were slightly more likely to choose the healthy snack than those in the control group, but the effect was not statistically significant. Upon collecting their snack, students had the chance to exchange their original choice for the other snack. Students that meditated were more likely to exchange their originally chosen “unhealthy snack” towards the healthy snack than students in the control group. The meditation program effectively reduced chronic stress among treated children. The effect was larger among students attending schools in lower-income areas. Our study sheds some light on the challenges to translate an improved psychological well-being into healthier food choices at school.

Hypnotherapy, Relaxation, and Music Therapy in Pediatric Cancer Pain Management: A Clinical Trial Comparison

Introduction Pain is a prevalent issue across various medical conditions, and numerous methods have been employed to manage it. In developed countries, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, relaxation therapy, and Music Therapy (MT) with control groups in alleviating pain in children with cancer. Methods The research involved a single-blind clinical trial with a study population comprising children diagnosed with an abdominal mass and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fifty-eight patients were selected through blocked randomization. Data were collected through a demographic checklist and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure pain intensity. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 22 to compare mean pain intensity among the study groups. Results A total of 58 patients, with an average age of 9.28±4.02 years, participated in the study. Significant differences were observed between the hypnotherapy group and the other study groups (F=14.51; P≤0.001), as well as between the MT group and the other study groups (F=12.81; P≤0.001). Moreover, significant differences were found in terms of time between the relaxation therapy group and the other study groups (F=8.46; P≤0.001) and between the control group and the other groups (F=5.506; P≤0.001). Conclusion Based on the findings, relaxation therapy, hypnotherapy, and Music Therapy (MT) have shown significant effectiveness in alleviating pain in cancer patients during their treatment. Trial Registration Clinical Trial Trial registration Clinical trial. gov Identifier: IRCTID website (code: IRCT20120905010744N2; http://irct.ir).

Case Report:Pemberian Terapi Relaksasi Genggam Jari terhadap Tingkat Nyeri pada Pasien Nyeri Akut Post Apendektomi

After appendectomy, patients tend to experience pain due to the surgical wound. The non-pharmacological technique of finger-hold relaxation therapy is one of the pain management methods for patients. This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of finger grip relaxation on pain levels in patients with acute pain after appendectomy. This research is a case report with the intervention of stopping finger hold relaxation therapy which was carried out for 3 days. The results of this case study show that after the finger-hold relaxation therapy intervention was carried out for 3 days, there was a decrease in the level of pain from scale 7 to scale 2. Finger-hold relaxation was effective in reducing pain in post-appendectomy patients.

Synchronous deautoconvolution algorithm for discrete-time positive signals via [formula omitted]-divergence approximation

We pose the problem of the optimal approximation of a given nonnegative signal yt with the scalar autoconvolution (x∗x)t of a nonnegative signal xt, where xt and yt are signals of equal length. The I-divergence has been adopted as optimality criterion, being well suited to incorporate nonnegativity constraints. To find a minimizer we derive an iterative descent algorithm of the alternating minimization type. The algorithm is based on the lifting of the original problem to a larger space, a relaxation technique developed by Csiszár and Tusnády in [Statistics & Decisions (S1) (1984), 205–237] which, in the present context, requires the solution of a hard partial minimization problem. We study the asymptotic behavior of the algorithm exploiting the optimality properties of the partial minimization problems and prove, among other results, that its limit points are Kuhn–Tucker points of the original minimization problem. Numerical experiments illustrate the results.