Breathing Relaxation Research Articles

Application of cardiorespiratory training with biofeedback in a patient with comorbidity

Biofeedback is increasingly used in practice due to diversity, the possibility of visualization of corrective functions, and the availability of objective indicators for assessing the dynamics of the training process. Biofeedback training helps to teach patients to skills that alleviate their condition, support active functioning, thereby increasing the quality of life. One of the simple methods of biofeedback is cardiorespiratory training, during which the patient learns the skill of diaphragmatic relaxation breathing, which is effective in rehabilitation for various pathologies, especially in pediatric practice. This type of biofeedback is based on the control of breathing and heart rate variability (HRV). HRV reflects the body’s ability to quickly recover from exposure to mental and physical stress factors. HRV is a unique marker of a person’s cardiovascular and psychophysiological health. This clinical example demonstrates a case of respiratory correction in a patient with comorbidities (multiple sclerosis, essential arterial hypertension, and panic disorder). The training was chosen as the most optimal for improving the patient’s quality of life, in respect that the leading complaint was panic attacks. One of the main goals of rehabilitation for this child is to teach the skills of diaphragmatic relaxation breathing, which allowed the patient learning to cope with future panic attacks, reduce anxiety and thereby improve his well-being. The article describes in detail the course of the training, recommended exercises for daily use, and presents the positive trend in the recorded indicators and the patient’s condition by the end of the course. Cardiorespiratory training is an effective and understandable method of rehabilitation that can be actively used in practice for an objective assessment of the classes performed and for psycho-emotional correction in children and adolescents with various pathologies.

APPLICATION OF DEEP BREATHING TECHNIQUES IN REDUCING POST SECTIO CAESAREA PAIN

Introduction: This case study is motivated by the increasing number of sectio caesarean deliveries. The number of deliveries using the Sectio Caesarea (SC) method in West Java reached 15.48% of 5,850 people. Problems that arise after sectio caesarea is pain in the incision wound caused by tearing of the tissue. tissue.
 Objective : This case study aims to determine the description of nursing care for Mrs. E P3A2 with acute pain problems in the Postpartum Room of AlIhsan Hospital, West Java Province.
 Method: The case study method in this scientific paper uses the case study method.
 Result: Results after five days of nursing action on Mrs. E with the problem of acute pain can be resolved assisted by non-pharmacological measures. pharmacological deep breath relaxation techniques and the pain scale decreases every day.
 Conclusion: The management of deep breath relaxation techniques was able to reduce the pain scale in Mrs. E P3A2 with acute pain problems. It is recommended to the nursing profession to be directly involved in handling care in post SC patients with acute pain problems.

EFEKTIVITAS KONSUMSI BAWANG PUTIH PANGGANG, RELAKSASI NAPAS DALAM, DAN RELAKSASI AUTOGENIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PENDERITA HIPERTENSI

Hypertension is a worldwide health problem that causes complications of kidney damage, coronary heart disease, stroke, disability, and even death. Roasted garlic, slow deep breathing relaxation, and autogenic relaxation are complementary alternative therapies that have not been fully utilized. These therapies are scientifically meaningful, so they need to be developed. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of roasted garlic consumption, autogenic relaxation, deep breath relaxation on blood pressure reduction. The research design is Quasi-Experiment with control group Pre-test Post-test. Sampling method using non-probability random sampling - purposive sampling. The sample in 1 group is at least 30 respondents. Anticipating lost to follow-up of 10%, each group was 31-32 respondents. The sample was of productive age in the West Bogor. All groups were given hypertension management leaflets. Intervention group I consumed roasted garlic for 3 days at the rate of 15-17 grams morning and evening. Intervention group II performed breath relaxation morning and evening for 3 days. Intervention group III performed autogenic relaxation, while the control group was only given hypertension management leaflets. The results showed that consumption of roasted garlic compared to the control on systole p=0.001 and diastole p=0.001, autogenic relaxation compared to the control, systole p=0.042 and diastole p=0.009, deep breath relaxation compared to the control, obtained systole p=0.367 and diastole p=0.125. It is concluded that roasted garlic is more effectively used to reduce hypertensive patients' systole and diastole blood pressure. The recommendation is that roasted garlic can reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

PERBANDINGAN THERAPY AKUPRESURE DAN NAFAS DALAM MENGURANGI NYERI PERSALINAN DI (PMB) MURSALINA TAHUN 2023

Labor pain is the main problem experienced by mothers giving birth. One method of reducing pain without medication that can be given continuously, is cost effective and has low risk is acupressure therapy and deep breathing relaxation. The aim of this research is to determine the comparison of acupersure therapy and breathing relaxation in reducing labor pain.This research is a type of Quasy Experimental research with a Two Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population in this study was 30 mothers in the first stage of labor who experienced labor pain. Data collection uses observation sheets. Data analysis used the t test. The research results showed that there was a comparison of the average pain scale between the acupressure therapy group and deep breathing relaxation in reducing labor pain in mothers in the first stage of labor. The average pain scale in the acupressure therapy group was 3.07. Meanwhile, the average pain scale in the deep breathing relaxation group was 4.40. There was an average difference of 1.33 points. The results of the t-test statistical test between the acupressure therapy and deep breathing relaxation groups showed a value of p = 0.033 (p < 0.05), which means Ha was accepted. So the results of the analysis stated that there was a significant comparison between the acupressure therapy and breathing relaxation groups in reducing labor pain in mothers in the first stage of labor at (PMB) mursalina in 2023. The conclusion of this research is that acupressure therapy is more effective in reducing labor pain compared to deep breathing techniques.

Effectiveness of Auricular Acupucture (Akar) on Interleukin-6 Levels and Duration of Labor in The Primigravidal Active Phase

Background: Auricular acupuncture (AKAR) is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing bodily dysfunctions through stimulation of specific points on the ear. Ear stimulation involves neurological reflexes, neurotransmitters, cytokines, the immune system, and inflammation. Subjects and Method: This study is a true experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The study population was all 43 primigravida mothers who were expected to give birth between May and July 2023. The research sample was part of the first stage of labor during the primigravida active phase. The selection of research subjects was carried out by consecutive sampling. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, namely the AKAR intervention group and the deep breathing relaxation control group. The dependent variable was auricular acupuncture, and the independent variable was a duration of labor and interleukin-6. The instrument uses laboratory tests that are carried out, the research site only has a simple laboratory room and does not have a deep freezer - 800C, so the biomarker test is carried out in the laboratory. Assessment of the length of labor using a partograph. Data analysis used the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the Independent Sample test Results: The results of post-treatment serum IL-6 levels in the AKAR group were higher (Mean= 187.24; SD= 41.65) pg/mL before the pre-treatment (Mean= 157.67; SD= 51.85) pg/mL, and this difference was significant (p <0.001). Post-treatment serum IL-6 levels in the RND group were higher (Mean= 181.30; SD= 56.86) pg/mL before the pre-treatment (155.65; SD= 50.07) pg/mL. The results of the pre-treatment serum IL-6 levels in the AKAR group were slightly higher (Mean= 157.67; SD= 51.85) pg/mL compared to the RND group (Mean= 155.65; SD= 50.07) pg/mL. Post-treatment, the IL-6 serum level in the AKAR group were higher (Mean= 187.24; SD= 41.65) pg/mL compared the RND group (Mean= 181.30; SD=56.86) pg/mL. The AKAR group had 12 (57%) active phase I stages of labor that lasted less than 360 minutes and 9 (33%) more than 360 minutes. In the RND group, 9 (45%) delivered less than 360 minutes, and 11 (55%) more than 360 minutes. The mean length of labor for the AKAR group was shorther (Mean= 365.40; SD= 65.60) minutes than the RND group (Mean= 407.55; SD = 77.27). Conclusion: There was a difference between IL-6 levels before and after treatment, so it was concluded that AKAR and RND affected serum IL-6 levels in the first stage of labor in the active primigravida phase. There was no significant difference in the length of labor in the active phase of the first stage of labor in primigravidas between AKAR and RND. Keywords: acupuncture, auricular, interleukin-6, length of labor. Correspondence: Setiana Andarwulan. Program Study Midwife Professional Education, Faculty of Science and Health, PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya Jl Dukuh Menanggal XII No. 4, East Java, Indonesia. Email: setianaandarwulan@unipasby.ac.id. Mobile: 085806227033.

Application of Combined Self-Surrender Exercises and Deep Breath Relaxation to Lower Blood Sugar Levels Elderly Diabetes Mellitus Type

Diabetes is already considered an epidemic and by 2025, it is estimated that around 380 million people, or 7.3% of the adult population in the world will be affected by this disease Diabetes Atlas 2012 (International Diabetes Federation) lists that the estimated population of Indonesia over 20-79 years is 7.6 million people and the assumption of DM prevalence is 5.14%. Indonesia ranks 8th largest in the number of people with diabetes mellitus. The order above is China (92.3 million), India (63.0 million), the United States (24.1 million), Brazil (13.6 million), the Russian Federation (12.7 million), and Mexico (10.6 million). Problems faced by elderly Posyandu participants In the working area of the Kerinjing Health Center, Kerinjing Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, Palembang.: Never received information about Diabetes Mellitus and non-pharmacological management, especially the combination of self-surrender exercises with deep breath relaxation to lower blood sugar in the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus, Never been taught self-surrender exercises and deep breath relaxation in lowering blood sugar levels in the elderly Diabetes Mellitus At the Elderly Posyandu, the working area of the Kerinjing Health Center is Kerinjing Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, Palembang. The approach methods used to achieve the Output Target are determined, namely; Education (Counseling), Demonstration of Self-Resignation Training, and Deep Breath Relaxation in Lowering Blood Sugar Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Elderly. The application of the Combination of Self-Resignation Exercises and Deep Breath Relaxation is carried out routinely in the elderly with Diabetes Mellitus there is a decrease in Blood Sugar levels by involving cadres and elderly families who control the implementation of the exercise.

Efektivitas Kombinasi Pemberian Edukasi Kesehatan, Relaksasi Napas Dalam dan Relaksasi Otot Progresif terhadap Kualitas Tidur Penderita Hipertensi

Hypertension stands as a perilous non-communicable disease, often leading to emotional instability among affected individuals. Symptoms like irritability, sleeplessness, and stress are commonly experienced by those with hypertension. Sleep quality is notably disrupted, with patients frequently experiencing discomfort and worry, often manifested as headaches, leading to disturbed sleep patterns. A multi-pronged approach is crucial for optimal results. Non-pharmacological interventions, combining health education with stress management techniques like progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and deep breathing exercises, prove beneficial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this combined approach on the sleep quality of hypertensive patients, utilizing a quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest research design. The non-probability sampling technique employed accidental sampling, involving 17 hypertensive patients meeting specific criteria. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test yielded a significant result (p-value) of 0.000 ≤ 0.05. The combined intervention of health education, deep breath relaxation, and progressive muscle relaxation exhibited a positive impact on improving sleep quality among hypertensive patients. Further qualitative research is warranted to explore the experiences of hypertensive patients engaging in routine deep breath relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation therapies.

Mengatasi Kecemasan Pasien Selama Tindakan Pencabutan Gigi: Pendekatan dan Strategi Efektif

Patient anxiety during tooth extraction is a common challenge in dental practice that can affect patient experience and outcome of the procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of approaches and strategies to address patient anxiety during tooth extraction procedures. Through counseling designed to improve patient understanding of the causes of anxiety, relaxation skills, and communication with the dentist, this study measured its impact on patient anxiety levels and preparedness. The study involved patients undergoing tooth extraction procedures, where they attended a counseling session that included information on factors that cause anxiety, breathing relaxation techniques, and communication skills. Data were collected before and after the counseling through a survey that assessed patient knowledge, ability to apply relaxation techniques, self-confidence, and anxiety levels. The results showed a significant increase in patient understanding of the causes of anxiety from 50% to 85%, ability to apply relaxation techniques from 30% to 75%, and self-confidence in facing the procedure from 40% to 80%. In addition, the ability to communicate with the dentist increased from 45% to 78%, and anxiety levels decreased from 70% to 40%. These findings confirm that an educational approach is effective in reducing patient anxiety, increasing preparedness, and improving the experience during tooth extraction. This strategy can be implemented widely to improve the quality of care and patient well-being in dental practice.

Implementation of Deep Breath Relaxation Techniques As An Effort to Overcome Shortness Of Breath in Congestive Heart Failure Patients

Introduction: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a cardiovascular disease that is defined as a deadly disease in the world. CHF is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood to meet the needs of oxygen and nutrients in the body's tissues. Objective: To present care with deep breathing relaxation interventions as an effort to overcome shortness of breath in congestive heart failure patients with ineffective breathing patterns. Method: The research design used is descriptive analysis with a case study approach. Subjects in this case study were adult patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and ineffective breathing patterns. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation studies. Result: The case study at the assessment stage found that the client complained of shortness of breath. The intervention and implementation used to reduce shortness of breath is by providing breathing relaxation exercises for 10 minutes when complaints of shortness of breath are felt. After the intervention, the client's breathing frequency decreased from 28 x/minute to 22 x/minute, while the subjective data from the anamnesis showed that the client's shortness of breath was reduced. Conclusion: Nursing care for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and shortness of breath is well managed. Providing deep breathing relaxation interventions is effective in reducing respiratory frequency.

Penerapan Aplikasi Si Mas Latif (Atasi Kecemasan Dengan Relaksasi Dan Terapi Kognitif), Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Masalah Psikososial

Anxiety is a normal emotion that everyone has. Anxiety appears as a brain response to stress that warns of potential danger. Problems arise if the anxiety occurs continuously and even interferes with life. Anxiety like this can have a bad impact on body health and this is what is called an anxiety disorder. To reduce this anxiety problem, deep breathing relaxation and cognitive therapy can be done. The aim of community service is to find out about the application of the Si Mas Latif application (Overcoming Anxiety with Relaxation and Cognitive Therapy), in people who experience psychosocial anxiety problems at the Kertasemaya Health Center, Indramayu Regency.The method used is to create an application that can be used as a guide in overcoming anxiety using deep breathing therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and outreach to program holders and the community using health services.Result: availability of the Si Mas Latif application (Overcoming Anxiety with Relaxation and Cognitive Therapy) and this application has been in HKI and socialization has been carried out to the Kertasemaya Community Health Center program holders.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAR SITUATION ON THE MENTAL STATES OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE AND THEIR ART-THERAPEUTIC PSYCHOCORRECTION

Abstract. The relevance of the study of mental states is related to their direct impact on the quality of human life, which determines the importance of finding out the impact of long-term military stress on mental states, developing appropriate psychocorrective training methods and determining their effectiveness. Formulation of the problem. The provision of effective medical and psychological assistance, the implementation of psychocorrective and psychoprophylactic measures requires appropriate scientific justification and scientific support, which motivated the conduct of this study. The purpose of the research is to determine the characteristics of negative mental states of the population of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war and to develop effective measures for their psychocorrection. Methods and Materials. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used in the work: Diagnosis of the state of stress" (A. Prokhorov); SAN questionnaire (Well-being, Activity, Mood); "Self-assessment of mental states" by Eysenck; Spielberger-Khanin's "Reactive and Personal Anxiety Rating Scale"; "Physiognomic test" Kunin. The study included 46 temporarily displaced persons with consequences of war trauma (experimental group) and 48 persons of the control group. Results. The hypothesis regarding the negative impact of war on the mental states of the population, causing such negative states as fatigue, exhaustion, frustration, violation of self-regulation and self-control, violation of emotional balance, stuck on negative experiences, instability of behavioral reactions, decrease in activity and mood, was confirmed. A step-by-step complex psychocorrective training method for psychocorrection of the mental states of people with the consequences of war trauma, consisting of a psychotherapeutically directed conversation, breathing relaxation exercises, psychotherapeutic use of stories (life stories, fairy tales, parables) and sand therapy, has been developed, and its effectiveness has been proven. Conclusions and prospects for further research. It has been established that staying in a long-term stressful extreme and crisis situation of war in the zone of active hostilities and subsequent evacuation is a risk factor for the development of negative mental states. It is shown that the developed complex psychocorrective training contributes to the restoration of the body's adaptive resources, overcoming inactive mental states, and increasing the stress resistance of the environment. The necessity of providing psychocorrective support and psychological support to the most vulnerable and poorly protected population groups and the implementation of psychoprophylactic measures for all strata of the population in a situation of long-term stress due to the war is substantiated. Prospective studies are planned to be directed to an in-depth study of the psychological impact of the war situation on the most vulnerable categories of the population (children, persons with disabilities), as well as research on the mental states of combatants.

Management of post-COVID-19 depression among patients of Western Uttar Pradesh of Northern India

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only individual's physical health but also their well-being and makes them vulnerable in different ways. Post-COVID-19 depression is dependent on the dynamic interaction between social, medical, economic, geographical, and political factors determining the availability, vulnerability, and distribution of pandemic outbreaks that create fear apprehension and instability among the population. Aim: To evaluate the level of depression (pre and post) and the management of depression among patients from Western Uttar Pradesh of Northern India after the pandemic of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: It was a longitudinal study involving a total of 156 patients with depression. Through chit randomization methods, patients are allocated into two groups, that is, experimental (n=92) and control (n=64). Both groups received appropriate pharmacotherapy. The experimental group in addition also underwent eight therapeutic sessions of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (relaxation breathing exercise, activity scheduling, and cognitive restructuring). The period of study was from July 2021 to January 2022. Depression was assessed by applying the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) pre- and post-intervention. Results: According to BDI II, 59.78% of patients report severe levels, 25% of patients report moderate levels, and 15.21% report mild levels of depression. Patients who received medications plus CBT showed significantly better improvement than the patients who received only medications. Conclusion: Patients with post-COVID-19 depression showed better improvement with medications plus CBT than medications alone. The finding of this study underline the importance of CBT in the treatment of depression.

Mental Recovery Post Cianjur Earthquake Disaster Among Nursing Student Who Living in Cianjur

It is been almost 1 month since the Cianjur earthquake disaster, but there are still many problems that have not been resolved. One of these problems is the post-disaster trauma of the people affected by the Cianjur earthquake. Post-disaster mental recovery efforts are needed, especially for nursing students who are domiciled in the Cianjur region. The purpose of this community service activity is to carry out post-disaster recovery efforts and provide material support to nursing students who are domiciled throughout the Cianjur. This community service activity was held on December 19 2022 by all lecturers, educational staff, and nursing student association (HIMA) Fitkes Unjani by providing deep breathing relaxation therapy and material support assistance for 32 nursing students who live in 4 subdistricts in Cianjur. The results of the recovery effort showed that there was a difference in the average anxiety score between pre and postmental recovery therapy with a significant value of 0.001, (<0.05), which means that post-mental recovery therapy can significantly reduce anxiety scores. Deep breathing relaxation therapy has been proven to be able to significantly assist the mental recovery process after the Cianjur earthquake disaster for nursing students who live in Cianjur. It is suggested to all nursing students affected by the Cianjur earthquake to apply this therapy to further reduce anxiety after the Cianjur earthquake.

Pengaruh Edukasi Teknik Relaksasi Napas Dalam Berbasis Audiovisual Terhadap Skala Nyeri Pasien Pasca Bedah Di Ruang Perawatan Bedah Di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Di Yogyakarta

Background: surgery can cause acute pain, this is caused because during surgery there is tissue damage that triggers cytokine discharge. Approximately 80% of patients undergoing surgery experience acute postoperative pain. 40% of patients experience moderate and severe pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. Planning related to pain management needs to be well prepared before surgery. One of the efforts that can be done to prevent the impact of postoperative pain is by educating pre-surgery by using pain management videos. By using audio visual media, the patient will more easily understand and perform pain reduction techniques.
 Purpose: to determine the effect of preoperative pain management on the postoperative patient pain scale. The research was conducted at one of the private hospitals in Yogyakarta on February 11-March 07, 2021.
 Method: Research design using pre experiment posttest only design, Population in this study as many as 41 respondents, sample selection is done with purposive sampling technique. The samples in this study were 30 divided into two groups, namely 15 respondents of the intervention group who were given education on deep breath relaxation techniques using video and 15 respondents of the control group.
 Result: data analysis conducted with Mann-Whitney test, obtained the result of p value 0.123 ( p value > 0.05), meaning there is no difference in the pain scale of the intervention group respondents and the control group.
 Conclusion: nurses should motivate and do mentoring when the patient applies the deep breath relaxation techniques that have been taught

The Effect of Relaxation and Slow Breathing Technique (RSBT) as A Non-Pharmacological Intervention on Blood Pressure Level Among Stage 1 Hypertensive Older Adults

The prevalence of hypertension is relatively high, and the number still increases by year. Various studies have demonstrated that non-pharmacological methods have been shown capable of lowering blood pressure such as relaxation techniques, and also slow breathing technique. This study aims to determine the effects of relaxation and slow breathing technique (RSBT) on blood pressure level among stage 1 hypertensive older adults. This study utilized quantitative research method and the research design employed in this study is the one group interrupted time series pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design. Two types of instruments were used in this study to gather the pertinent data and information. The researcher utilized the checklist form to record the result of observation. The researcher also utilized biophysiologic instrument to measure to measure the blood pressure level of the participants. The participants of the study were ten (10) male and ten (10) female older adults with stage 1 hypertension who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Repeated-Measures ANOVA and the Post Hoc test was utilizing series of t-test. The result shows that there is a significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure level among participants before and after the implementation of the RSBT in both initial phase (first week) and reinstituted phase (third week). Prolonging of implementation of RBST would be more powerful to reduce blood pressure level among older adult with stage I hypertension.

Psychotherapies for chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis: A systematic review of randomized control trials and quasi-experiments.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those with hemodialysis, frequently struggle with mental health issues like anxiety and depression. Psychotherapy has been known to treat psychological problems, but its effectiveness in managing CKD patients is still rarely scientifically proven. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of psychological treatments in improving the mental health of CKD patients with hemodialysis. We comprehensively reviewed the related studies published in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Clinical Key over the last ten years, up to June 7, 2023. A keyword combination was used in the search engine strategies, and all articles about CKD patients receiving hemodialysis and psychotherapy were included. Based on the eligibility criteria, 716 patients were included in 13 out of 18,830 studies in the final analysis. Psychological problem was complained by 399 CKD patients. The psychotherapy included cognitive behavioral therapy (reported in four studies, n=4), diaphragmatic breathing relaxation (n=1), meditation (n=1), hypnotherapy (n=1), Kidney Optimal Health Program (KOHP) (n=1), psychological intervention (n=1), murottal Al-Qur'an therapy (n=3), and spiritual therapy (n=1). These interventions were performed once to four times a week, for ten minutes to five hours during hemodialysis for two to ten weeks. Meditation and KOHP showed no significant improvement in anxiety and depression. The remaining psychotherapies significantly improved the quality of life by reducing anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients and enhancing sleep quality, self-esteem, hopefulness, medication adherence, and physical condition. In conclusion, psychotherapy should be considered in an interdisciplinary team to treat CKD patients comprehensively. Further studies are still necessary to determine the efficacy of each psychological intervention in CKD patients with psychiatric problems.

The Effect of Providing Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques on Anxiety Levels in the Elderly at the Elderly Posyandu in South Sangatta Village

The aim of this research was to find out whether there was a difference before and after the deep breathing relaxation technique was given and reducing anxiety levels in the elderly at the posyandu for the elderly in South Sangatta village. The type of research used in this research is experimental research. The approach taken uses the one group pretest and post test design technique. The sample size was 21 respondents based on the Slovin formula using an accidental sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Then with a Univariate test and a Bivariate test using the Paired T-Test. The results of the study showed that the difference in the mean of the intervention group between anxiety in the elderly before carrying out the deep breathing relaxation technique and anxiety in the elderly after carrying out the deep breathing relaxation technique was 22 and p value 0.000 < 0.05.

Virtual Reality for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Comprehensive Review.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a vital component of comprehensive care for patients with respiratory conditions, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and those recovering from respiratory diseases like COVID-19. It aims to enhance patients' functional ability and quality of life, and reduce symptoms, such as stress, anxiety, and chronic pain. Virtual reality is a novel technology that offers new opportunities for customized implementation and self-control of pulmonary rehabilitation through patient engagement. This review focused on all types of virtual reality technologies (nonimmersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive) that witnessed significant development and were released in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation, including breathing exercises, biofeedback systems, virtual environments for exercise, and educational models. The review screened 7 electronic libraries from 2010 to 2023. The libraries were ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, PubMed, Sage, and ScienceDirect. Thematic analysis was used as an additional methodology to classify our findings based on themes. The themes were virtual reality training, interaction, types of virtual environments, effectiveness, feasibility, design strategies, limitations, and future directions. A total of 2319 articles were identified, and after a detailed screening process, 32 studies were reviewed. Based on the findings of all the studies that were reviewed (29 with a positive label and 3 with a neutral label), virtual reality can be an effective solution for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and in individuals and children who are dealing with mental health-related disorders, such as anxiety. The outcomes indicated that virtual reality is a reliable and feasible solution for pulmonary rehabilitation. Interventions can provide immersive experiences to patients and offer tailored and engaging rehabilitation that promotes improved functional outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation, breathing body awareness, and relaxation breathing techniques. The identified studies on virtual reality in pulmonary rehabilitation showed that virtual reality holds great promise for improving the outcomes and experiences of patients. The immersive and interactive nature of virtual reality interventions offers a new dimension to traditional rehabilitation approaches, providing personalized exercises and addressing psychological well-being. However, additional research is needed to establish standardized protocols, identify the most effective strategies, and evaluate long-term benefits. As virtual reality technology continues to advance, it has the potential to revolutionize pulmonary rehabilitation and significantly improve the lives of patients with chronic lung diseases.

Case Study: Implementation of Effective Cough Techniques & Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques in Patient An. A with Bronchial Asthma

Background. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways that causes bronchial hyperactivity. Children with respiratory tract disorders often experience an increase in excessive mucus production in their lungs, mucus/phlegm often accumulates and becomes thick making it difficult to be expelled. Management of asthma in children can be carried out pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. Non-pharmacological therapy can be done in various ways, including effective coughing exercises and deep breathing relaxation techniques.
 Methods. Case study research on one participant (An. A). This research was conducted for three consecutive days in the general hospital in Banyumas with a duration of five minutes for each intervention. Both of these interventions were carried out once a day after being given nebulizer pharmacological therapy.
 Results. Intervention of effective cough techniques and deep breathing relaxation techniques has an impact on expelling sputum (phlegm) and can improve respiratory frequency in children.
 Conclusion. Practicing effective coughing can reduce symptoms of coughing up phlegm thereby helping to expel sputum while deep breathing relaxation techniques can increase oxygen saturation and decrease respiratory frequency. Both of these non-pharmacological therapies can be carried out well independently.

Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Ny.M dengan Masalah Nyeri Akut Post Sectio Caesarea

This study aims to describe the nursing management of acute pain problems in optimal one-day care in the Central Surgical Installation Room (IBS) RSUD using a 3M problem-based analysis (man, method, materials). The results of the research show that by carrying out optimal pain management, starting from assessment to evaluation of pain to optimizing non-pharmacological interventions (music therapy and deep breathing relaxation), patient pain complaints show improvement from moderate to mild scale (NRS) as well as the role of nurses in independent intervention also better. Problems studied in the room include the lack of optimal management of acute postoperative pain (from assessment to evaluation of pain, sometimes it is not done in the room), there is no SOP for pain intervention, there is no guideline for handling pain in the room, and the implementation of independent nurse intervention related to pain has not been implemented. In conclusion, with optimal assessment and evaluation of pain, including non-pharmacological technical interventions that are relatively easy to learn and apply independently by nurses, the results obtained are that the client's pain level is reduced from moderate pain on a scale of 5 to low pain on a scale of 3 on the NRS scale.
 
 Keywords: Central Surgical Installation, Nursing Care Management, Acute Pain