Relative Priority Research Articles

Extending the application of fuzzy COPRAS to optimal product design

The availability of customized and multifunctional designs of a particular product in the market due to varieties in users’ requirement and demand necessitates that product design must be properly done before progressing to developmental stage. This implies that the importance of decision making in the selection of optimal conceptual design cannot be overstressed. The main contribution of this article is the implementation of Fuzzy COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment) model as a decision tool for identification optimal design concept. The weights of the design features and sub-features were determined in the form linguistic terms generated from a triangular fuzzy number in order to avoid apportioning of crisp values in the decision process. An analytical approach was applied by creating a sub-aggregate matrix for each design feature, considering all the design alternatives in order to develop a sub-decision matrix. The relative significance or priorities of the design alternatives obtained from the maximization and minimization indices are defuzzified by applying the minimum degree of possibility in order to rank the design alternatives. The findings from the application of the Fuzzy COPRAS methodology to four design alternatives of pipe bending machines using eight design features and several sub-features indicates that the methodology can identify an optimal design concept from a set of alternative designs. The application of the methodology also shows that there are slight differences in the priority values of design alternatives next to the optimal design concept. The implication and recommendation from the application is that choosing any of the design alternatives other than the optimal design concept will provide the same risk

Evolving key risks in the banking sector, and related priorities for the SRB: the impact of the current ‘inflation crisis’

Evolving key risks in the banking sector, and related priorities for the SRB: the impact of the current ‘inflation crisis’

ЗАГАЛЬНООСВІТНЄ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ЗАСОБИ ВИПРАВЛЕННЯ І РЕСОЦІАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗАСУДЖЕНИХ ДО ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ВОЛІ

The article examines general education and vocational training as means of correction and resocialization of persons sentenced to imprisonment. Some provisions of the penitentiary legislation of foreign countries regarding the order and organization of providing education to those sentenced to deprivation of liberty with the aim of identifying positive experience and introducingit into the current legislation of Ukraine are given. It is noted that, in general, the further development of the network of vocational educational institutions remains a priority in relation to the organization of vocational training of convicts in thepenal institutions of Ukraine. The authors state that the modernization of education remains an important component of the modern policy of Ukraine.

A Cross-Cultural Study of Value Priorities between U.S. and Chinese Airbnb Guests: An Analysis of Social and Economic Benefits

Guest value priorities in relation to online peer-to-peer accommodation are an underexamined area. This study examined social and economic benefits among Airbnb guests. The relationships between guests’ benefit priorities were tested in relation to satisfaction and behavioral intention. A total of 693 Airbnb guests were recruited from the U.S. and China. A framework to examine how cross-cultural differences moderate the associations between constructs was employed to examine the influences of the two cultures, one characterized by collectivism (China) and the other by individualism (U.S.). Confirmatory factory analysis and partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to test variable relationships. PLS-SEM analysis indicated that social and economic benefits both significantly influenced satisfaction and behavioral intention (satisfaction also influenced behavioral intention). Multigroup analysis was employed to test a framework examining cultural differences. It was found that social and economic benefits influenced behavioral intention differently for Chinese and U.S. Airbnb guests. The results suggest the importance of social and economic benefits in a peer-to-peer accommodation setting, as well as the need to understand cultural differences in the sharing economy.

Implementing school-wide sexual assault prevention in middle schools: A qualitative analysis of school stakeholder perspectives.

Sexual assault and harassment are significant problems that begin early in the lifespan. The current study sought to understand the contextual factors that influence the implementation of school-wide sexual assault prevention programs in middle schools that focus on fostering community norms change. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is a menu of constructs arranged across 5 domains that assists stakeholders in assessing and identifying site-specific determinants of successful intervention implementation. In the present study, researchers conducted a series of 10 interviews with middle school stakeholders (i.e., principals, guidance counselors, teachers) to document characteristics inside and outside of the school environment (i.e., cultural norms, relative priority, prior interventions, implementation climate) relevant to the implementation of prevention programming, using the CFIR as a guiding framework for analysis. Whereas schools recognized the importance of implementing violence prevention programming, stakeholders reported several other competing demands (i.e., time, resources) that make it difficult to implement rigorous programming without support from an outside agency/team. Community agencies and research teams hoping to implement violence prevention in middle schools can benefit from using stakeholder interviews grounded in the CFIR model to gain a better awareness of the school- and community-specific factors that are likely to influence successful implementation of violence prevention programs in middle schools.

The architecture of accounting and the neoliberal betrayal of life

This paper identifies the way in which accounting practices reinforced the increasing influence of the intolerant financial emphasis of the market on the quality of social housing under neoliberalism when successive British governments gave little importance to the impact of aesthetic and ethical qualities of social housing on the well-being of inhabitants. Social values, most especially safety and beauty, were able to be reinterpreted according to economic logic, thereby denying the need for them to be explicitly considered in any social housing decisions. The study emphasises the way in which the austerity and deregulation agenda of neoliberal policies that had a significant impact on building and fire safety regulations were ultimately justified by financial criteria. The Grenfell Tower fire in 2017 belatedly exposed the way in which the financial and operational visibilities created by accounting practices had become crucial to the successful implementation of the economic logic of the neoliberal agenda and related market priorities of successive British governments, irrespective of the consequences. The paper demonstrates how the Grenfell Tower refurbishment was the apotheosis of neoliberalism; a toxic mix of austerity, outsourcing and deregulation. The focus on value for money in the refurbishment led ultimately to the betrayal of life of the residents.

Crafting professionals: Skills and resources for graduates entering the craft economy

There is growing interest in creative graduate skillsets, but so far there has been limited investigation of the specific skills and resource requirements of early-career crafts graduates. Drawing on qualitative interviews and quantitative rankings of skills and resources conducted with 25 graduates from four higher education providers in England, this article examines the role and relative priority of different skills and resources in establishing a professional practice. It is identified that the skills and resources key to professional practice are highly interrelated, and proposed that the diverse requirements for professional practice should be understood as an amalgam rather than isolated components, with the acquisition of skills and resources seen as accumulative. The potential for a lack of key resources to exacerbate inequalities in who can enter and work in the craft economy is discussed and recommendations made for initiatives that could help to address an unequal distribution of resources.

Internationalization of cluster structures in the agroindustrial complex as a direction for the development of export potential

The article defines the purpose and tasks of clustering the agrofood sector in the context of realizing the export potential of the agroindustrial complex. The main prerequisites for creating clusters are systematized, taking into account the priority of foreign trade relations of the participants in the cluster process. Theoretical and methodological approaches of effective cluster formation in the foreign trade sphere have been developed. The main advantages of internationalization of the cluster process in the context of the subjects of cluster organizations are revealed. The basic steps of internationalization of cluster structures are presented.

Comparison of allocation strategies of convalescent plasma to reduce excess infections and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in a US-like population.

While the use of convalescent plasma (CP) in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been inconsistent, CP has the potential to reduce excess morbidity and mortality in future pandemics. Given constraints on CP supply, decisions surrounding the allocation of CP must be made. Using a discrete-time stochastic compartmental model, we simulated implementation of four potential allocation strategies: administering CP to individuals in early hospitalization with COVID-19; administering CP to individuals in outpatient settings; administering CP to hospitalized individuals and administering any remaining CP to outpatient individuals and administering CP in both settings while prioritizing outpatient individuals. We examined the final size of SARS-CoV-2 infections, peak and cumulative hospitalizations, and cumulative deaths under each of the allocation scenarios over a 180-day period. We compared the cost per weighted health benefit under each strategy. Prioritizing administration to patients in early hospitalization, with remaining plasma administered in outpatient settings, resulted in the highest reduction in mortality, averting on average 15% more COVID-19 deaths than administering to hospitalized individuals alone (95% CI [11%-18%]). Prioritizing administration to outpatients, with remaining plasma administered to hospitalized individuals, had the highest percentage of hospitalizations averted (22% [21%-23%] higher than administering to hospitalized individuals alone). Convalescent plasma allocation strategy should be determined by the relative priority of averting deaths, infections, or hospitalizations. Under conditions considered, mixed allocation strategies (allocating CP to both outpatient and hospitalized individuals) resulted in a larger percentage of infections and deaths averted than administering CP in a single setting.

Co-creation and priority setting for applied and implementation research in One Health: Improving capacities in public and animal health systems in Kenya

BackgroundThe Kenyan government has successfully been implementing sector specific and multisectoral projects aligned to the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). For operational readiness and to enhance the effective planning and implementation of Global Health Security Programs (GHSP) at national and subnational level, there is an urgent need for stakeholders' engagement process to seek input in identifying challenges, prioritise activities for field implementation, and identify applied research and development questions, that should be addressed in the next five years. MethodsThe modified Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method was used to identify global health security related priorities for multisectoral implementation in Kenya. Subject matter experts from human, animal and environmental health sectors at national and subnational level contributed to predefined research questions from a number of sources and activities for consideration for implementation using a One Health approach. Sixty-two experts scored the 193 questions based on five pre-defined criteria: 1) feasibility and answerability; 2) potential for burden reduction; 3) potential for a paradigm shift; 4) potential for translation and implementation; and 5) impact on equity. Data resulting from this process was then analysed in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to determine the research priorities and experts' agreements. ResultsAmong the priority activities identified for implementation research were; strengthening One Health governance and legal frameworks; integration of ecosystem health into One Health programming; strengthening disease reporting, integrated data collection, information sharing and joint outbreak response; socio-anthropological and gender-based approaches in improving risk and behavioural change communication and community engagement; and one health workforce development. In addition, the potentials to invest in collaborative predictive risk modelling to enhance epidemic intelligence systems, while strengthening the One Health approach in the food safety incident and emergency response plans are feasible. InterpretationSuccessful multisectoral implementation of global health security program in Kenya calls for a whole of society approach that will harness community and private sector knowledge to build preparedness and response capacities while targeting neglected and marginalised populations. This research provides a framework that is worth emulating for cost-effective planning and implementation of overarching One Health programs.

“Experience, Language, and Behavior in Pragmatism: A Response to Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism”

Abstract Chris Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism builds the best case to date that the neopragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty decisively and productively reshaped the lineage of pragmatist philosophy. In developing new directions for pragmatism, the book seeks to press past a number of recent debates. One such debate concerns the relative priority of experience and language as methodological starting points for pragmatist philosophy. While Voparil seeks to abandon this debate as outworn, this review argues that the issue of pragmatism’s methodological apparatus cannot be easily set aside. Only by addressing head-on the disadvantages of experience-first pragmatism and language-first pragmatism can a next iteration of pragmatist philosophy properly develop a third methodological option, tantalizingly noted by Voparil, of a practice-first pragmatism.

Early career teachers and the always becoming horizon of quality teaching

ABSTRACT Teacher quality is not often defined but can be understood through the way that policies and expectations for teaching quality are talked about and talked into being. How do early career teachers (ECTs) navigate high expectations of becoming quality teachers, especially when there are several discourses of quality, some prominent and others less so? Data from interviews with 13 Australian ECTs five years after their graduation from selective quality teacher preparation degrees were analysed to identify how ECTs discerned, deliberated and dedicated themselves to quality teaching in their diverse contexts. ECTs drew from concepts of effectiveness and responsibility when they focused on their students, yet their emphasis on relational priorities and the importance of reflexive dialogue points to a practice-based approach. While dominant discourses of teacher quality do not highlight relational or collective approaches, these ECTs showed how professional standards, effectiveness and responsibilisation approaches were recontextualised. Importantly, the systemic conditions of time to talk, and opportunities for attending to relationships, as well as the skills of reflexivity underpin this alternative approach.

Surgical workflow and infection prevention and control strategies for patients with COVID-19 during the epidemic in Children's Hospitals.

This study sought to investigate the surgical workflow and practical effects of infection prevention and control in specialist pediatric hospitals during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic to provide a foundation for ensuring the safety of children and medical staff. The Guidelines for the Management of Surgical Procedures and Infection Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Children were formulated according to the industry specifications and standards, the prevention and control work system for hospitals in China, and the experiences of the Chinese Nursing Association in infection prevention and control in the operating room. These guidelines focus on the characteristics of children, and provide management priorities in relation to personnel management, infection prevention and control during surgery, intraoperative safety, and the cooperation of medical staff teams. These operation management and prevention and control strategies were applied to children who were suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. The operation process and prevention and control measures were effectively implemented. During the epidemic, a total of 219 surgeries which patients' COVID-19 nucleic test result are not out were completed. No medical staff or nosocomial infection occurred during the surgeries. As a special group, children are susceptible to COVID-19, and should receive special attention. As the only hospital designated to treat children with COVID-19 in Hubei Province, our hospital effectively implemented the infection prevention and control measures in surgery according to the characteristics of children. These measures ensured the safety of the surgeries and reduced the risk of infection in children and medical staff.

Key elements structure in mangrove ecotourism management of Peropa’ea Protected Forest in North Buton Regency

Mangrove ecosystem in Peropa’ea protected forest area has an aesthetic landscape that has a potential to be developed as ecotourism. The development of ecotourism in the protected forest area of Peropa’ea as a utilization effort of environmental services is a better strategy because it may reduce pressure on mangrove forest resources and bring socio-economic benefits to the community and area. The Peropa’ea Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL) has prepared a service business plan environment in the form of “Banda Kawasa” mangrove ecotourism for the period 2015 to 2025. Some steps needed to be studied such as key elements in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify elements and sub-elements in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. The method used in this research was Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) with an element of related institutions, constraints, objectives, and priority programs in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. The results indicated that the Provincial Forestry Office and Forest Management Unit (KPHL) Peropa’ea were the institutional key player in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. Limited funding and supporting infrastructure for mangrove ecotourism was the main management constraint, and the program priority was to develop an integrated and sustainable mangrove ecotourism management plan. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the coordination among related institutions to develop and maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in this area.

Identification of Implementation Strategies Using the CFIR-ERIC Matching Tool to Mitigate Barriers in a Primary Care Model for Older Veterans.

As the proportion of the U.S. population over 65 and living with complex chronic conditions grows, understanding how to strengthen the implementation of age-sensitive primary care models for older adults, such as the Veterans Health Administration's Geriatric Patient-Aligned Care Teams (GeriPACT), is critical. However, little is known about which implementation strategies can best help to mitigate barriers to adopting these models. We aimed to identify barriers to GeriPACT implementation and strategies to address these barriers using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research-Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (CFIR-ERIC) Matching Tool. We conducted a content analysis of qualitative responses obtained from a web-based survey sent to GeriPACT members. Using a matrix approach, we grouped similar responses into key barrier categories. After mapping barriers to CFIR, we used the Tool to identify recommended strategies. Across 53 Veterans Health Administration hospitals, 32% of team members (n = 197) responded to our open-ended question about barriers to GeriPACT care. Barriers identified include Available Resources, Networks & Communication, Design Quality & Packaging, Knowledge & Beliefs, Leadership Engagement, and Relative Priority. The Tool recommended 12 Level 1 (e.g., conduct educational meetings) and 24 Level 2 ERIC strategies (e.g., facilitation). Several strategies (e.g., conduct local consensus discussions) cut across multiple barriers. Strategies identified by the Tool can inform on-going development of the GeriPACT model's effective implementation and sustainment. Incorporating cross-cutting implementation strategies that mitigate multiple barriers at once may further support these next steps.

Built environment approaches: Extension personnel's preferences, barriers, and facilitators.

IntroductionInterventions that modify the built environment can increase population physical activity levels and prevent chronic disease. The national Cooperative Extension System is poised to implement built environment approaches (i.e., pedestrian/bicycle infrastructure and enhanced access to physical activity spaces), but implementation strategies (i.e., methods or techniques to move research to practice) are needed to improve uptake. Effective implementation strategies address relevant barriers and capitalize on facilitators. The purpose of this study was to understand 1) barriers and facilitators to implementing built environment approaches in two state Extension systems, 2) preferences for built environment approaches, and 3) preferences for implementation strategies.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was used to understand Extension personnel's preferences for and barriers and facilitators to built environment approaches through a mixed-methods study design. This work was informed by anthropological inquiry as the overall research philosophy, and by the Health Impact Pyramid, Leeman et al.'s classification of implementation strategies, and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as the theoretical frameworks. The survey was distributed to eligible Extension personnel (n = 42) in two states. Quantitative data analysis consisted of numbers/proportions and Friedman tests. Qualitative analysis was completed through a rapid deductive approach to quickly produce actionable results.ResultsFourteen respondents (33%) completed the survey. Most had not implemented physical activity interventions in their communities or had implemented only individual-level interventions, though were interested in implementing built environment approaches. Benches, playground improvements, and crosswalks were the most desired approaches, while facilitation, assessing community strengths and needs, and technical assistance were desired implementation strategies. The most common barriers were relative priority and available resources; facilitators were external policy and incentives and implementation climate.DiscussionExtension personnel are receptive to built environment approaches and engaged with community coalitions. Yet, invested parties prefer individual-level interventions, and agents perceive a lack of resources for implementation. Implementation strategies that build capacity in both the Extension system and community coalitions may address these barriers through increasing relative priority and sharing existing resources. This work is a first step toward compiling implementation strategies to address relevant barriers to built environment approaches in community settings.

Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of nutrition interventions at primary health care units of Ethiopia:A consolidated framework for implementation research.

Accumulating evidence clearly shows poor implementation of nutrition interventions, in Ethiopia and other African countries, with many missed opportunities in the first 1000 days of life. Even though there are high-impact interventions in this critical period, little is known about the barriers and facilitators influencing their implementation. This paper aims to explore barriers and facilitators for the implementation of nutrition services for small children with a focus on growth monitoring and promotion, iron-folic acid supplementation and nutrition counselling. We conducted a qualitative study in four districts of Ethiopia. The data collection and analysis were guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR). A total of 42 key informant interviews were conducted with key stakeholders and service providers. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using CIFR constructs. We found that from 39 constructs of CFIR, 14 constructs influenced the implementation of nutrition interventions. Major barriers included lack of functional anthropometric equipment and high caseload (complexity), poor staff commitment and motivation (organisational incentive and reward), closed health posts (patient need and resource), false reporting (culture), lack of priority for nutrition service (relative priority), poor knowledge among service providers (knowledge and belief about the intervention) and lack of active involvement and support from leaders (leadership engagement). Adaptability and tension for change were the facilitators for the implementation of nutrition interventions. Effective implementation of nutrition interventions at primary health care unitsrequires several actions such as improving the healthcare providers' motivation, improving leadership engagement, and creating a strong system for monitoring, supportive supervisionand accountability.

“It really does not matter to me, they can be two purple unicorns”: Barriers and facilitators to sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) measurement in the NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP).

170 Background: Despite recommendations from numerous clinical bodies (e.g., ASCO), less than 20% of NCORP-affiliated practices regularly collect SOGI data. This gap compromises the ability to identify and correct care inequities experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. Therefore, we evaluated provider- and clinic- level barriers and facilitators to SOGI collection at NCORP practices across the US. Methods: We conducted 14 interviews across seven NCORP oncology practices via Zoom. We purposefully sampled to ensure geographic, racial, and ethnic diversity of patient populations. We interviewed one clinician (oncologist, advanced practice provider) and one clinic staff member per practice. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) informed thematic analysis that identified barriers and facilitators to SOGI data collection. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by two coders who adjudicated any discordance. Analyses were conducted in NVivo. Results: Thematic saturation occurred after interviews at six practices, with interviews at the seventh practice confirming saturation. Participants represented five geographic regions and included three Minority Underserved practices and two rural practices. Several organizational context characteristics influenced SOGI data collection: access to knowledge, information technology infrastructure, staff processes, and perceived relative priority of SOGI for an oncology visit. All oncologists expressed a low relative priority of sexual orientation data for oncology care. Gender identity had higher priority because it influences how clinicians should address patients. At the clinic level, this low relative priority coincides with a lack of processes and policies for collecting SOGI from all patients. At the oncology care team level, perceived irrelevance to oncology care was related to discomfort in asking SOGI, fear of patient discomfort, and limited awareness of SOGI in electronic health records. Suggested solutions included: normalizing asking SOGI questions, giving patients privacy to complete SOGI, and clarifying relevance of SOGI for clinical purposes. Understanding how SOGI improves patient experiences was a facilitator for collection. Conclusions: Within this NCORP practice sample, SOGI data collection barriers included clinician-perceived low relative priority for collection, and perceptions that SOGI disclosure does not influence care quality, despite most interviewees expressing a strong desire to show respect to patients and provide high quality cancer care. Oncology teams may benefit from training on culturally sensitive SOGI collection, education on SOGI data relevance to oncology practices, and support for implementing SOGI data collection policies.

Actual Problems of Modern Linguodidactics

The paper is devoted to teaching Russian language to foreign students at the pre-university stage of preparation for study at the main faculties of Russian universities. The ongoing process of general humanization of education at all its stages involves the search for effective technologies and the renewal of the educational paradigm as a whole. The main attention in this work is focused on such controversial issues as the anthropological linguodidactic paradigm, which is based on attention to the personal “project” of self-development of students and synergistic subject-subject interaction between the teacher and foreign students. The undertaken consideration of modern educational discourse, taking into account the ideas of self-development, self-organization and non-linear understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, makes it urgent to develop synergetic anthropology aimed at creating an active educational environment that takes into account the personal characteristics and potential capabilities of all subjects of university educational activities. The undertaken study allows us to conclude that modern linguodidactics, focused on an anthropocentric approach to language, implies the priority of subject-subject relations in pedagogical activity, synergistic interaction of all participants in communication, integration of knowledge, skills and competencies. A value approach to the personality of a student is a condition for his successful entry into the cultural world of the language being comprehended for his subsequent education at a Russian university.

부동산 거래 에스크로우 서비스 선호 요인에 관한 연구

We analyzed the disparities in perceptions of the factors favoring the use of escrow services for real estate transaction safety between service users, the general public, service providers, and escrow service workers. We identified key factors that should be prioritized to promote service use. Furthermore, AHP methodology was used to determine the relative importance and priority of the upper and lower core factors, weight analysis between factors, and comparative analysis between service users and service providers. Research findings indicate that the measures to prevent transaction accidents are the most important, followed by relieve anxiety about transaction accidents, establishment of a business processing system, reduced fee, and public institutions’ participation. This study contributes to service activation by ranking the factors of preference for escrow service use in order of importance.