Related Matrix Research Articles

Assembly Strategy for Modular Components Using a Dual-Arm Space Robot with Flexible Appendages

Space robotic systems tend to be more flexible and equipped with some appendages, such as solar panels and communication antennas. The inevitable vibration in the flexible appendage will occur during space missions, and it in turn affects the attitude of the rigid base due to coupling dynamics. This study develops an assembly scheme for a dual-arm space robot with flexible appendages to assemble two modular components and to minimize the disturbance force caused by the manipulators to the base and flexible appendages. The assembly strategy consists of two stages, a preassembly stage which transports the two components to desired relative states, and a trajectory tracking stage to achieve the final assembly. In the first stage, based on a relative Jacobian matrix in the base frame, an optimal objective function is formulated in terms of the relative position and attitude errors between the two components. Thereby, more freedom of manipulators is released for minimizing disturbance forces. Notably, two virtual points are created to describe the relative position between the two components. In the second stage, two components are driven to follow a relative trajectory for the final assembly with an unchanged relative attitude. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed assembly strategy.

Enterprising Émigrés of the Channel Islands

During the French Revolution, thousands of French refugees migrated through the Channel borderlands. At least four thousand settled there. The Channel Island of Jersey served as the loci of migration where economic life operated under “refugeedom,” a polity both apart from and particular to state authority. Refugeedom—in its alterity—suggests a matrix of economic conditions, legal codes, and social relations that can explain the lives of people in the French Revolution’s emigration. This study of economic migration offers a way to reframe the French emigration as opportunism and resilience. Refugeedom serves as the analytic framework to understand economic migration, not only as a political crisis of displaced people in the midst of revolution—those seeking refuge from war, persecution, famine, and other hardships—but also as part of a strategy of survival, one that includes the economic migration of labor.

KIND: A Novel Image-Mutual-Information-Based Decision Fusion Method for Saturation Attack Detection in SD-IoT

Software-defined networking for IoT (SD-IoT), as an emerging architecture, is suffering from numerous security issues. Saturation attacks against the SDN switches and controllers are major security concerns in SD-IoT. When using the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory (DSE) to detect various saturation attacks, the simple mutual information calculation may cause information loss problem, leading to the decrease of detection accuracy. Therefore, how to avoid information loss problem to improve the detection performance is a key issue. Aiming to solve the above-mentioned issues, we propose KIND, a novel image mutual information-based decision fusion method for saturation attack detection in SD-IoT. The main idea of KIND is that it converts the probability matrix of binary classifiers to images and detects the saturation attacks by fusing these images. More specifically, when executing the evidence fusion, each evidence is converted to an image by a nonlinear transformation method. Each image is converted from the related probability-supported matrix. Then, the evidence can be fixed by comparing structural similarities among different images. After that, all evidence can be utilized to obtain the final detection results using the conducted combination rule. The evaluation results demonstrate that KIND can achieve high detection performance, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods, in terms of TPR, TNR, FPR, FNR, accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, confusion matrix, ROC curves, PR curves, Chi-square test, correlation coefficient, and the quantitative strategy test. In conclusion, KIND can detect saturation attacks with high precision while causing acceptable storage overload.

Implementing SaaS-Based Sales Force Automation Systems

Business-to-business sales force automation (SFA) is changing rapidly, with complex products and services that frequently require team selling and a long sales cycle. With SaaS (Software as a Service), cloud-based systems, data entry, and analytics can be performed from a low-cost back office or by accessible, affordable technology. As a result, salespeople no longer need to work as “lone wolves.” Instead, they can become part of “partnering” sales teams as the physical front end of a multichannel, value-creating customer relationship management force. This paper offered a theory-based analytical framework for enhancing SaaS-based digitization in the form of a relational selling and behavioral control matrix.

Computing the inverse of cardinal direction relations between regions

Abstract The inversion of directions is an important operation with directions which plays an important role in qualitative spatial reasoning and spatial queries. In this work, we address on the inversion operation of the basic cardinal direction relations in the model of Goyal. The direction relation matrix model proposed by Goyal is a projection-based model for spatial direction relations between regions. This model is simple in calculation and easy to carry out formal reasoning, which is considered as currently one of the most excellent models for representation and qualitative reasoning with cardinal direction relations in two-dimensional space. This work aims to realize the automatic inference and calculation of the inverse of the basic cardinal direction relations in the model of Goyal and further to improve the ability of spatial reasoning and spatial analysis of spatial database. In order to avoid the complicated manual reasoning, an algorithm for automatically performing the inverse operation on this model is devised by means of the operations of direction relation matrix. Theorems are provided to prove formally that our algorithm is correct and complete, which is also verified by comparing the result of our algorithm with that of manual reasoning for each basic cardinal direction relation. This study realized the automatic inference and calculation of the inverse of the basic cardinal direction relations in the model of Goyal and further improved the ability of spatial reasoning and spatial analysis of spatial database.

An emotion index estimation based on facial action unit prediction

Automated emotion recognition is essential in human-computer interactions. Instant emotion computing based on facial expressions plays a supporting role in understanding interactive intentions. Although continuous emotions can more accurately describe the overall emotional state, most existing research still focuses on discrete facial expression recognition. This paper proposes computing continuous emotions based on action unit (AU) recognition. A continuous emotion representation and computing approach are presented, which is called the emotion index. We first define two polarities as represented by positive and negative emotions. We map compound emotions into continuous space using the relationship between AUs and discrete emotions, which then creates the mapping between AUs and continuous emotion. Second, an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to recognize AU occurrence and intensity. We then build the facial AU matrix. Finally, a function is built to transfer the facial AU occurrence and intensities into the emotion index through the emotion relative matrix. The experiments show that our AU recognition approach can attain a better performance than state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, our approach has an outstanding average F1 score of 66.9%. The emotion index results are in line with expectations, indicating they can effectively express emotion variations.

CHANGE OF FOREST LAND USE BASED ON CONSERVATION POLICY AND PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY IN DANUM VALLEY, MALAYSIA

Southeast Asia’s forest and green areas are undergoing a fast and substantial experienced sudden change, depending on complex area management issues resulting in deforestation, including Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. The study purposely to determine the land-use pattern at Danum Valley through a geospatial approach. GIS data was collected from government official departments such as the Sabah Forest Department and Urban and Regional Planning Sabah Department. Land-use changes analysis, namely Relative land use percentages and matrix analysis used to understand the changing pattern and current scenario of land use activity at Danum Valley. Preliminary findings indicate a change of forest land use from Class 2 Commercial Forest Reserve into Class 1 Protected Forest Reserve during the three times series within an area of influence near Danum Valley.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUK IKM RUMAH SABUN DENGAN PENDEKATAN QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT

Companies that can meet the needs and desires of their consumers will usually be much more competitive compared to others, especially companies that can exceed the needs and desires of these consumers (Besterfield, 1999: 89). Rumah Soap is one of the UMKM that produces various kinds of liquid soap, including dishwash (dishwashing soap), liquid detergent, hand soap, shampoo, body foam, etc. The problem to be discussed in this research is how to design the needs and technical characteristics of consumers on liquid soap products. The objectives to be achieved are to identify the needs and technical characteristics of liquid soap products based on the HOQ, as well as to design liquid soap products that meet the needs of the community. The house of quality or also known as the House of Quality (HOQ) is the first stage in the application of the QFD methodology. The stages in the HOQ begin with identifying consumer needs and wants by determining Voice Of Customer (VOC), making a planning matrix, determining the level of customers in the competition, determining technical description (Voice Of Engineer), making a technical response matrix, determining the relationship between the attributes of needs and characteristics. technical (Inter Relation matrix), create a technical correlation matrix (draw a map of the interdependence and interrelationships between technical characters, company/organizational difficulties, technical benchmarks, create a target matrix. Consumers want 12 variables of need for laundry detergent which are dominated by needs in the category of product design and quality product characteristics. The QFD design shows detergent products, with the characteristic of "change in raw materials" as a priority technical characteristic that can improve the quality of laundry detergent with a Relative Importance Level (TKR) of 31.827%. To improve the quality of laundry detergent products, Rumah Soap UMKM should pay attention to the following proposals to produce laundry detergent

Assessment of the Capacity of Organizational Resilience in Controlling Secondary Drought Crisis Emphasizing Organizational Learning as a Mediator: A Case Study of Municipalities in Isfahan, Iran

INTRODUCTION: Environmental hazards caused by climate change and urban life prevailing practices have had a much greater impact in recent years than in the past. Aquatic ecosystems are not immune to such threats and their consequences, such as droughts and the emergence of interconnected crises. Since crisis studies are interdisciplinary, the organizational capacity of decision-making entities in urban areas plays a vital role in controlling these complex environmental changes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate organizational resilience as a guiding perspective in the crisis management process emphasizing organizational learning from crisis experience. The objective is to assess the organizational resilience capacity of public and official organizations in Isfahan, Iran, regarding the risks of the drought crisis. METHODS: This study proposes applying the Delphi method, the Bulls-eye method, and Gray relational analysis based on previous theoretical studies. The analysis begins by entering the initial weight of the Delphi method into the algorithm of this integrated method of weighing the values of uncertain indicators, followed by Gray relational analysis to describe the classification of official and public organizations in Isfahan, Iran. The statistical population consists of experts and professionals active in crisis management in the municipalities of Isfahan. The data of the Gray relational analysis decision matrix were obtained from a valid and structured questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha=0.79) administered to a sample of 70 individuals with the Delphi method examining the quality of decisions by municipal experts from the 15 districts of Isfahan, who were purposefully selected for sampling. The municipalities were prioritized based on relative organizational resilience capacity. FINDINGS: The three indicators of investment, specification of roles, and organizational stability showed the highest weight, while the indicators of learning from previous crisis experiences, reconstruction planning, emergency services, and risk insurance coverage had in order the lowest weights. Organizational resilience of studied districts can be defined in three levels: 1) municipalities of districts 6, 5, 8, and 12 had the highest capacity; districts 2, 11, 9, 14, 15, and 4 showed weaknesses in their organizational indicators; and 3) districts 1, 3, 7, 10, and 13 were intermediate between the previous two levels. CONCLUSION: Considering that a larger number of areas in Isfahan showed low levels of organizational resilience, the status of organizational resilience in public and formal organizations in Isfahan does not report favorable conditions among the research indicators. Therefore, more attention is required to improve the aforementioned organizational indicators to achieve organizational learning from crisis conditions. Awareness of the level of organizational resilience helps to promote organizational learning, improves the crisis management process, and helps planners and managers to perform better in critical situations.

«Петля Бойда» как инструмент реализации мудрой человечности в организации

A model of wise humanity in an organization is proposed and empirically tested. The model is presented as a landscape matrix of human relations measured in terms of attitudes towards another group, boss, colleagues, and the person himself or herself. A diagnostic complex is substantiated for assessing the components of the model: humanity, wisdom, motivation, organizational culture, climate, professional status and professional identity of the personnel. The study is conducted in the context of J. Boyd’s management concept and the Industry 4.0 paradigm; the digitalization index is used. The sample consists of 16 efficient and less efficient educational, construction, housing and communal services, security organisations, the total number of respondents is 251 people. Examples of calculating data on organisations are given. Conclusions are drawn about the model capabilities in managing organisations, its limitations.

A computational study of bio-chemo-mechanics of thrombus-laden aneurysms

The role of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development has been controversial for decades, yet the researchers and clinicians agree that thrombus is not an innocent bystander in disease progression. In an effort to increase our understanding of its role, in this work, we present a bio-chemo-mechanical mathematical model of thrombus-laden aneurysms. Unlike all previous finite element studies, where AAAs grow due to prescribed irreversible time-dependent elastin degradation, in this study, protein degradation depends on protease activity. Enzymes degrading collagen and elastin are believed to come from the luminal layer of intraluminal thrombus and the increasing area of chemotactic vasa vasorum in the wall. The geometrical and structural spatiotemporal changes in the aneurysmal wall at the apex and shoulder region of the thrombus-laden aneurysm are explained in detail. Furthermore, we show that later ILT formation is more perilous than its early deposition, despite lower peak protease activity and related extracellular matrix degradation. Interestingly, the radial growth rate is slightly slower for fully thrombosed AAAs compared to the partially thrombosed ones, however, their axial growth is much more pronounced. Additionally, we show that thrombus deposition greatly impacts the aneurysmal sac shape and volume.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Hybrid Learning Activities Based on a Learning Community Network


 Hybrid Learning Community Network (HLCN) can link individuals to collectives systematically, support both virtual and actual scenarios, and share and trade knowledge, experience, and learning resources. Existing studies on HLCN are mostly theoretical research, there’re very few empirical evidences, and the integrity of the research systems is yet to be improved further. In view of these shortcomings, this paper proposed a theoretical model for HLCN and built an Evaluation Index System (EIS) for assessing the effectiveness of the hybrid learning activities and analyzing the feature parameters and centrality of the HLCN. Then in the paper, a Hybrid Learning Interactive Activity Content Network Relation (HL-IAC-NR) matrix was established based on learning community, and the indexes such as students’ learning attention on knowledge points and their learning sentiments were attained. At last, this paper used the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes (CCR) model in Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the relative effectiveness, and the real-time effects of different types of hybrid learning interactive activities were analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed model and evaluation method was verified via experiments.

A Strain Rate Dependent Damage Model for Evaluating the Dynamic Response of CFRTP Laminates with Different Stacking Sequence

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CFRTP) laminates can be used in packaging electronics components to reduce weight and shield external disturbance. The CFRTP structures in operation are inevitably to suffer dynamic loading conditions such as falling rocks, tools and impacts. In this study, a strain rate dependent material model for accurately evaluating the dynamic response of CFRTP laminates with different stacking sequence was proposed. The model was composed of three components: a strain rate dependent constitute model, a strain rate related damage initiation model and an energy-based damage evolution model. The strain rate effect of modulus and strength was described by a stacking sequence related matrix, and the damage initiation model could describe the matrix, fiber and delamination damage of CFRTP laminates without introducing cohesive elements. The material model was implemented into finite element software ABAQUS by user defines subroutine VUMAT. The low velocity impact tests of CFRTP laminates with quasi-isotropic and angle-ply stacking sequence were used to provide validation data. The dynamic response of CFRTP laminates from numerical results were highly consistent with the experimental results. The mechanical response of CFRTP laminates were affected by stacking sequence and impact energy, and the numerical error of proposed material model significantly decreased with the increasing impact energy especially for the laminae with damage occur.

ECM-Mimicking Hydrogels Loaded with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Cartilage Defects.

It is well-established that treating articular cartilage injuries is clinically challenging since they lack blood arteries, nerves, and lymphoid tissue. Recent studies have revealed that bone marrow stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSCs-Exos) exert significant chondroprotective effects through paracrine secretions, and hydrogel-based materials can synergize the exosomes through sustained release. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize an ECM (extracellular matrix)-mimicking gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel modified by gelatin combined with BMSCs-derived exosomes to repair cartilage damage. We first isolated and characterized exosomes from BMSCs supernatant and then loaded the exosomes into GelMA hydrogel to investigate cartilage repair effects in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The outcomes showed that the GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility with a 3D (three-dimensional) porous structure, exhibiting good carrier characteristics for exosomes. Furthermore, BMSCs-Exos had a significant effect on promoting chondrocyte ECM production and chondrocyte proliferation, and the GelMA hydrogel could enhance this effect through a sustained-release effect. Similarly, in vivo experiments showed that GelMA-Exos promoted cartilage regeneration in rat joint defects and the synthesis of related cartilage matrix proteins.

Measuring Business Process Behavioral Similarity Based on Token Log Profile

Measuring business process similarity plays an important role in the analysis, management and optimization of business in big companies. In the early days, experts paid major attention to calculating business similarity according to corresponding process models. However, models only express ideal behavior of business processes without any undesired or unexpected business routines. In order to fully model business behavior, some researchers use system logs in similarity measuring. But previous system-logs-based similarity measurements have limitations on: (1) satisfaction of algorithm properties, (2) distribution of similarity values, and (3) complexity of algorithm. In this article, we take the advantages of token logs in process behavioral similarity measuring. Firstly, the Token Log Profile, modeled with a relation matrix, is defined as an abstraction of the initial token logs. Then, similarity between business processes is calculated based on their Token Log Profiles according to the proposed algorithm. Besides, we extend the properties that similarity algorithms should satisfy for evaluating the proposed algorithm. The experimental and analytical results show that our algorithm achieves very promising accuracy and efficiency while satisfying all the proposed properties compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.

A safety supervision tool toward digitalization of maritime HRA applications: the case of MMOHRA.

This study proposed a safety supervision tool to HRA-based monitoring of ship maintenance operations via a digital platform. It is conceptualized to assist safety supervisors in the best proactive measures along with maintenance works onboard ships. The tool refers the marine maintenance and operations human reliability analysis (MMOHRA) concept. Moreover, it facilitates the timely and consistently practice of MMOHRA. Indeed, it accurately identifies critical tasks and associate recovery acts. Fundamentally, a rule-based mechanism supported with relation matrix response to general task type selection, EPCs' assignment, and human error probability (HEP) calculation, respectively. Then, the system automatically calculates, visualizes and manages HEP values of operation steps. Consequently, this study digitalizes maritime HRA investigations particular to maintenance operations. The proposed tool, compliance with the relevant sections of updated inspection regimes such as SIRE 2.0 and DryBms, has very high utility to effectively control human element onboard. This study also enables a further research potential to conduct an extended human reliability database in ship fleet level.

A three-way decision method under probabilistic linguistic term sets and its application to Air Quality Index

As decision-making problems become increasingly complicated nowadays, a growing number of decision-makers are likely to use probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) rather than precise numbers. Three-way decision (TWD), as an effective way of dealing with multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems, aims to minimize expected losses, and the choice of delayed decisions in the presence of insufficient evaluation information can significantly reduce expected losses. In light of the combination of PLTSs with TWD, a TWD method under PLTSs is put forward in this paper, i.e., the TWD-PLTS method. First, two conversion operators are designed to ensure that both real-valued and linguistic data can be converted to PLTSs. By using the difference in terms of information entropies between linguistic term sets (LTSs) and corresponding PLTSs, attribute weights can be derived. Next, a dominance set is constructed based on the probabilistic linguistic TODIM (PL-TODIM) method, which can in turn calculate conditional probabilities. Then, a relative loss function matrix is constructed with PLTSs, and the TWD-PLTS method is presented in this way. Finally, the TWD-PLTS method is applied to address a realistic case and compare it with other decision-making methods for verifying the feasibility and validity of the presented method.

A methodology to assess the interrelationships between contributory factors to maritime transport accidents of dangerous goods in China

A comprehensive risk analysis methodology is proposed in the present study to evaluate the contributory factors and their hierarchical interrelationships involved in maritime transport accidents of dangerous goods (DG). The methodology integrates the advantages of decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), interpretive structure modelling (ISM) and fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN). First, 20 contributing factors are identified based on reports of 22 accidents in China, expert knowledge and literature review. DEMATEL is then utilized to visual the cause-effect relationships of contributing factors; ISM is adopted to build a hierarchical structure of contributing factors; by mapping the hierarchical structure and employing fuzzy sets to collect expert judgements, a BN model is established in the end. The results show that a more detailed quantitative assessment of risk factors contributing to maritime transport accidents of DG can be provided by applying the proposed methodology, including the influencing degree, influenced degree, centrality, causality, hierarchical relation, sensitivity degree, and important-sensitivity matrix, etc., which are unavailable in traditional risk analysis approaches.

Solamargine Alleviates Proliferation and Metastasis of Cervical Cancer Cells by Blocking the CXCL3-Mediated Erk Signaling Pathway.

Solamargine has unique antitumor efficacy in a variety of cancers. The study is to explore the role of solamargine in cervical cancer. HeLa and SiHa cells were exposed to solamargine treatment at divergent concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM). The antitumor role of solamargine in cervical cancer cells was determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, scratch test, transwell assay, and western blot. The expression of mRNAs regulating the extracellular regulated protein kinases (Erk) pathway in solamargine-treated cells was detected by qRT-PCR. Rescue experiments were conducted to explore the effect of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3). Following that, we inhibited Erk1/2 by PD98059 to investigate the interplay between CXCL3 and Erk pathway in solamargine-treated cells by measuring migration, invasion, and related matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expressions. Solamargine inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of p-Erk1/2 was downregulated by solamargine. CXCL3 overexpression abrogated the antitumor effect of solamargine on cervical cancer cells. The inhibition of the Erk signaling pathway restored the inhibiting role of solamargine which interfered with CXCL3 overexpression, in invasion, migration, and expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, solamargine inhibited the growth of tumor in vivo xenograft model. Solamargine alleviated proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer cells by blocking the CXCL3-mediated Erk signaling pathway.

Retail Apocalypse as a Differential Urbanisation Symptom? Analysis of Ground Floor Premises’ Evolution in Barcelona between 2016 and 2019

The current health and economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated some of the trends that began with the counter-reform of capitalism in 1970. This paper deals with one of those trends—the retail apocalypse. The starting hypothesis is that this phenomenon takes part in an implosion (the massive and permanent closing of retail premises in agglomeration) and an explosion (a change of land uses in an urban agglomeration and beyond). In order to determine the reach of those trends, the last two commercial censuses of the City Council (2016 and 2019) are analysed using a one-to-one relation matrix and map representation. This phenomenon, which is not just economic but also urban, is expressed differentially according to the dynamics between the upper and lower circuits of the urban economy. An implosion is detected as a general form for the whole city; in contrast, an explosion is expressed in more dynamic areas.