Relative Deficiency In Insulin Secretion Research Articles

Efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in Managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by elevated blood sugar level or hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form, accounting for about 90% of the total diabetic population and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The condition mainly occurs from insulin resistance and relative deficiency in insulin secretion. The condition hampers the patient’s quality of life with symptoms of polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, fatigue, weight loss, etc. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus can be managed effectively in the initial phases with proper medication and lifestyle modification. The untimely treatment, chronicity of insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia can cause damage to multiple organs. In Ayurveda, the descriptions of Avaranajanya Madhumeha, which is a Medovahasrothodushti Vikara can be compared with T2DM as both seem analogous in etiopathogenesis and clinical features.
 The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Abhrakadi Yogam in managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The study was a consecutive case series done on an OPD basis. The study was conducted on ten subjects newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, in whom Abhrakadi Yogam, 4gm thrice daily before food along with honey as Anupana was given for 90 days and 30 days follow up. Assessment was done on 0th, 91st and 121st day with subjective and objective parameters. All drugs possess Tridoshahara property which helps in controlling all the Doshas. The Deepana, Pachana, Lekhana, Vatanulomana and Rasayana properties of the trial drug helped in Amapachana, Kleda Shoshana, Medohara and Srothoshodhana, restoring Dhatu Sthirata thereby improving quality of life of patients. After treatment significant improvement was observed in assessment parameters. The study showed significant clinical efficacy and safety of the trial drug.

The glycemic control and side effects of Empagliflozin on patients with type II diabetes mellitus in tertiary care Hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism due to absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and/or action. The burden of it is increased globally especially middle- or low-income countries. Different oral anti-diabetic medicines including older regimen to novel medicine like empagliflozin are used for the treatment of different types of diabetes. This study was aimed to study the effects of empagliflozin on patients with type II diabetes mellitus in tertiary care Hospital, Nepal. Methods: A hospital based prospective follow up study with purposive sampling was carried out for a period of six months from July to December 2022. A representative sample of more than 110 from prescriptions of T2DM patients aged between 20 to 60 years were observed for demographic details (age, sex, body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) etc.), Hb1AC level, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (after 2 hours) (PPG), blood pressure (SBP and DBP), adverse effects and an interview was conducted with Endocrinologist as well as patients who receive empagliflozin for first time and data were analyzed by using applicable statistical tolls. Results: A total of 215 patients were prescribed empagliflozin 10mg tablet out of which only 110 patients came for the follow up at 6 months. Hence, 110 respondents completed the study with in the study period (n=110). Out of 110 patients, 56 (50.9%) were male and 54(49.1%) were female. The majority of patients belonged to the age group 51-60 years 55 (50%) with mean age of 48.89±8.81 years. The mean diabetic duration was 7 years. After 6 months of empagliflozin therapy there was significantly reduction in weight, BMI, blood pressure, anthropometric values (HbA1c, FPG, and PPG) with some suspected side effects were also observed. Conclusion: Thus, the main aim of this research was to study the effects of empagliflozin on patients with type II diabetes mellitus in tertiary care Hospital, Nepal. The outcomes of this research will be used as the reference for the preparation of diabetes treatment guidelines, regimens and related policies in the future.

Research progress of dihydromyricetin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder disease characterized by hyperglycemia, is mainly caused by the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion or decreased insulin sensitivity in target tissue cells. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavonoid compound of dihydroflavonol that widely exists in Ampelopsis grossedentata. This review aims to summarize the research progress of DMY in the treatment of DM. A detailed summary of related signaling induced by DMY are discussed. Increasing evidence implicates that DMY display hypoglycemic effects in DM via improving glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating inflammatory responses, and reducing oxidative stress, with the signal transduction pathways underlying the regulation of AMPK or mTOR/autophagy, and relevant downstream cascades, including PGC-1α/SIRT3, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signal pathways. Hence, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic implications of DMY in DM are still obscure. In this review, following with a brief introduction of the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion characteristics of DMY, we summarized the current pharmacological developments of DMY as well as possible molecular mechanisms in the treatment of DM, aiming to push the understanding about the protective role of DMY as well as its preclinical assessment of novel application.

Differential Expression of Prophetic Variables of Diagnostic Importance Having Potential Role in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic syndrome with abnormality in metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and lipids, and characterized by absolute and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. DM leads to its most common and frequent complication- Diabetic kidney disease. Oxidative stress induced by decreased antioxidant defenses and/or increased free radical formation are involved in causative factor and disease in diabetics, is an evidence-based study. Materials and Methods: Place of Study: This studied group consisted of 100 subjects with diabetic nephropathy recruited from Jinnah hospital Lahore. Study Design: A comparative Clinical study. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the key processes involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Population size: total 100 patients were selected Data collection procedure: Five ml of venous blood sample was taken from the antecubital vein of each participant. The sample bottles were centrifuged within one hour of collection, after which the serum was separated and stored at -70°C until assayed. The subjects with the history of taking drugs (Including alcohol and cigarette), pre-diagnosis medications (e.g. antiparkinsonian/antipsychotic), were excluded from this study. Data Analysis Plan: Results were analyzed through T test by using SPSS version 16. Results: Hematological profile of diabetic nephropathy patients were observed. Abnormal changes were found in platelet count and lymphocytes predicting coagulation and inflammation inside body. Antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-GPx) and vitamins (A, E, C, D) were decreased. Oxidative markers and inflammatory markers such as MDA, MPO, and AOPPs were found to be increased. Practical Implication: Present study will bring a positive change in the field of diabetology and will bring ease in the life of patients in the community . Conclusion: Owing to present facts it is clear that hyperglycemia activates the various signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which further activates signaling cascades which causes the structural and functional alterations in kidney that enhance the complications associated with diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Diabetic kidney disease, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Antioxidants, AOPPs

Roxadustat, a HIF-PHD inhibitor with exploitable potential on diabetes-related complications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion and characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Its complications affect almost every tissue of the body, usually leading to blindness, renal failure, amputation, etc. and in the final stage, it mostly develops into cardiac failure, which is the main reason why diabetes mellitus manifests itself as a high clinical lethality. The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications involves various pathological processes including excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolic imbalance. Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) signaling pathway plays an important role in both of the above processes. Roxadustat is an activator of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α, which increases the transcriptional activity of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PHD). Roxadustat showed regulatory effects on maintaining metabolic stability in the hypoxic state of the body by activating many downstream signaling pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter protein-1 (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA), etc. This review summarizes the current research findings of roxadustat on the diseases of cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, retinal damage and impaired wound healing, which also occur at different stages of diabetes and greatly contribute to the damage caused by diabetes to the organism. We attempts to uncover a more comprehensive picture of the therapeutic effects of roxadustat, and inform its expanding research about diabetic complications treatment.

STAT3 suppression and β-cell ablation enhance α-to-β reprogramming mediated by Pdx1.

As diabetes results from the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, possible methods to efficiently generate surrogate β cells have attracted a lot of efforts. To date, insulin-producing cells have been generated from various differentiated cell types in the pancreas, such as acinar cells and α cells, by inducing defined transcription factors, such as PDX1 and MAFA, yet it is still challenging as to how surrogate β cells can be efficiently generated for establishing future regenerative therapies for diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that the exogenous expression of PDX1 activated STAT3 in α cells in vitro, and STAT3-null PDX1-expressing α cells in vivo resulted in efficient induction of α-to-β reprogramming, accompanied by the emergence of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells with silenced glucagon expression. Whereas β-cell ablation by alloxan administration significantly increased the number of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells by PDX1, STAT3 suppression resulted in no further increase in β-cell neogenesis after β-cell ablation. Thus, STAT3 modulation and β-cell ablation nonadditively enhance α-to-β reprogramming induced by PDX1, which may lead to the establishment of cell therapies for curing diabetes.

Metformin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hidden treasure.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder due to the reduction of insulin sensitivity and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily and was initially identified as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1). GDF15 is considered a cytokine with an anti-inflammatory effect and increases insulin sensitivity, reduces body weight, and improves clinical outcomes in diabetic patients. GDF15 acts through stimulation of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL), which is highly expressed in the brain stem to induce taste aversion. Metformin belongs to the group of biguanides that are derived from the plant Galega officinalis. It is interesting to note that metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent used as a first-line therapy for T2DM that has been shown to increase the circulating level of GDF15. Thus, the present review aims to determine the critical association of the GDF15 biomarker in T2DM and how metformin agents affect it. This review illustrates that metformin activates GDF15 expression, which reduces appetite and leads to weight loss in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. However, the present review cannot give a conclusion in this regard. Therefore, experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies are warranted to confirm the potential role of GDF15 in T2DM patients.

Establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSUASOi010-A) by reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a type 2 diabetic mellitus patient

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major caused by insulin resistance with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Statistically, T2DM accounts for 90% of diabetes cases worldwide. We report the patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell line (iPSC) CSUASOi010-A by using Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a 62-year-old female from Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patient blood-derived cells were reprogrammed using the Sendai virus.

Association of visceral fat with cardiopulmonary fitness, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in asymptomatic individuals with and without family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with derangement of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion and action, or both. DM, especially type-2 DM, is a serious general medical issue which has arrived at scourge extents because of the quickly expanding paces of this ailment around the world. Target organ confusions, auxiliary to diabetes, are one of the most significant restorative worries of right now. The main findings of our research were no significant differences in baseline characteristics like age and height of both groups. Weight, BMI and waist hip ratio was significantly high in cases. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and rate pressure product were significantly high in Cases individuals; however, no significant difference was noticed in pulse pressure (PP). Significantly higher body fat and visceral fat %, lower levels of cardio respiratory fitness assess by cooper 12min run test and significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) was observed in cases.

The Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: Where We Are and the Road Ahead

The Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: Where We Are and the Road Ahead

Effect of Zingiber officinale Rhizome Powder on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is the most common type of diabetes caused by insulin resistance and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. Several studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of Zingiber officinale powder in patients with type 2 DM. As a result of these inconsistencies, researchers are compelled to prove the effect of Zingiber officinale powder on fasting blood sugar (GDP) and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients through a meta-analysis study. Subject and Method : This study is a meta-analysis of a number of randomized controlled trials. The articles were obtained from the PubMed, Science Direct, Springerlink and Google Scholar databases published in 2012-2022. The search articles were carried out by considering the feasibility of the criteria determined using the PICO model. Population: type 2 DM patients, Intervention: Zingiber officinale rhizome powder, Comparison: placebo, Outcome: GDP and HbA1c levels. The keywords used are “ Zingiber officinale ” OR “Zingiber” OR “ Z. officinale ” OR “Ginger” AND “Fasting blood glucose” AND “HbA1c” OR “A1c” OR “Glicemic” OR “Glucose” OR “Diabetes Mellitus” OR “type 2 diabetes mellitus” AND “Randomized Controlled Trial”. Article selection with PRISMA flow diagram. Analysis of articles using the Revman 5.3 application. Results : A total of 11 articles were reviewed in this study. Analysis of 11 articles showed that administration of Zingiber officinale rhizome powder could significantly reduce GDP levels in type 2 DM patients (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD)= -0.79; 95% CI= -1.32 to -0.26; p= 0.004). Analysis of 10 articles showed that administration of Zingiber officinale rhizome powder could significantly reduce HbA1c levels (SMD = -0.38; 95% CI= -0.55 to -0.22; p<0.001). Conclusion: Zingiber officinale rhizome powder can significantly reduce GDP and HbA1c levels in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: Zingiber officinale , diabetes mellitus tipe 2, GDP, HbA1c Correspondence: Fajar Novianto. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir.Sutami No.36, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dr.fajarnovianto@gmail.com. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(01): 39-50 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.01.05

Exploration of Matrix Metalloproteinase and its Interplay in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic syndrome with abnormality in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, and is characterized by absolute and relative deficiency of insulin secretion. DM leads to its most common and frequent complication –Diabetic kidney disease. Oxidative stress induced by decreased antioxidant defenses and /or increased free radical formation are involved in causative factor and diseases in diabetes, is an evidence based study. Materials and Methods: The studied group consisted of 50 subjects with diabetes nephropathy recruited from Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, GSH, Catalase, AOPPs, NO and MDA) were determined by using the method of spectrophotometry. Vitamins (C, E, A and D) and inflammatory markers (TNF-, and IL-6) were analyzed by using commercially available Elisa kits. Results were analyzed through T test by using SPSS version 16. Results: Hematological profile of diabetic nephropathy patients was observed. Abnormal changes were found in platelets count and lymphocytes predicting coagulation and inflammation inside body. Antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-GPx) and vitamins (A, E, C, D) were decreased. Oxidative markers and inflammatory markers such as MDA, MPO and AOPPs were found to be increased. Conclusion: It is clear that hyperglycemia activates the various signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which further activates signaling cascades. It causes the structural and functional alterations in kidney that enhance the complications associated with diabetic nephropathy.

Comparison of Various Techniques of Anesthesia for Surgical Management of Diabetic Foot

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion or resistance or a combination of both. Anesthesia in them is of special concern because of complex polypharmacy, an inappropriate dose of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin and errors in converting IV insulin to usual medication. The objective is to compare the various techniques of anesthesia for surgical management of diabetic foot in terms of intraoperative hemodynamic stability, perioperative problems related to anesthesia techniques, postoperative analgesia. Subjects and Methods: Sixty adult diabetic patients of both gender of ASA grade II-III, aged 35years undergoing surgical management of diabetic foot were elected and separated into three groups, Group A: general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, Group B: unilateral spinal anesthesia with injection 0.5% bupivacaine heavy 1.5ml (7.5mg), Group C: popliteal nerve block via lateral approach by injecting 30 ml 0.5% bupivacaine. Parameters like pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate and SpO2 were recorded at regular intervals. Postoperative pain, perioperative side effects, complications and problems related to anesthetic techniques were noted. The analysis is done by unpaired t-test and chi-square test. Results: Group C patients were hemodynamic stable than Group A and B. Post-op analgesia was prolonged in Group C. Perioperative side effects were more found in Group A. Conclusion: Popliteal nerve block and unilateral spinal anesthesia provide better hemodynamic stability and postoperative analgesia with negligible side effects as compared to general anesthesia for surgical management of diabetic foot.

Effect of Shenqi compound on inflammatory markers and glycemic measures among diabetes mellitus: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion, and chronic inflammation. Shenqi compound (SC) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula widely used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. Although many randomized clinical trials have proved that SC can benefit a lot from diabetes and its complications, the systematic evaluation of the effect of SC on diabetic blood glucose control and inflammatory markers has not yet appeared. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence that the therapeutic effect of SC on diabetes and its multiple system complications is related to its control of blood glucose and inflammatory mediators.Methods:Three English database and 4 Chinese medical databases will be searched from its inception to May 2020. Then 2 methodological trained researchers will screen the qualified articles by reading the title, abstract, and full texts according to an established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The assessment of risk of bias will be conducted by using the Cochrane collaboration's tool. We will conduct meta-analyses for fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and other outcomes. The heterogeneity of data will be evaluated by Cochrane X2 and I2 tests. Subgroup analysis will also be carried out. We will conduct sensitivity analysis to evaluate the stability of the results, funnel plot analysis, and Egger test to evaluate the publication bias, and assessment for the quality of evidence by the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluate system.Results:The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Conclusion:In this study, we will systematically evaluate the influences of SC on glycemic measures and inflammatory markers of diabetes mellitus. Our research is supposed to provide evidence-based support for clinical practice.Registration number:INPLASY202040179.

Physiological sway of aging on oxidative stress and levels of some minerals in diabetes type II of both female and male in Sulaimaniyah city

Diabetes is a metabolic disorders disease characterized by the abnormal high levels of blood sugar due to incomplete or relative deficiency of insulin secretion as well as disorders in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. The study aims to evaluate the physiological effects of aging on oxidative stress and mineral levels in diabetes type II by measuring F.B.S,HbA1c%, levels of a number of important indicators of oxidative stress, level of ferritin ,copper and zinc in the serum. The study included the collecting of 70 blood samples from patients with NIDDM for both sexes in the center of Diabetes and Endocrinology in Sulaimaniyah city. The age of each group in this study ranged between 40-70 years. The study concluded that the rate of both FBS and T.GSH increased with age in diabetic females, the MDA increased with age in diabetic males, and ferritin increased with age in both sexes. Moreover copper decreased with age in diabetics for both sexes.

Patch Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) Mengandung Ekstrak Bekatul (Oryza Sativa L.) untuk Pengobatan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

a atau sekresi insulin pankreas yang tidak bekerja dengan baik (resistensi insulin) dimana menjadi salah satu prioritas penyakit tidak menular (noncommunicable diseases/NCDs). Dari kasus diabetes yang ada, 90% diantaranya merupakan diabetes melitus tipe 2 (IDF, 2017). Diabetes tipe 2 atau disebut dengan diabetes non-dependen-insulin ini terjadi karena resistensi jaringan terhadap efek insulin dan defisiensi relatif sekresi insulin (WHO, 2016).Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 lebih sering didiagnosis pada usia yang lebih rendah dan indeks massa tubuh pada pria dibandingkan wanita. Berbagai faktor risiko diabetes adalah usia, aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), tekanan darah, stres, gaya hidup, adanya riwayat keluarga, kolesterol HDL, trigliserida, DM kehamilan, riwayat ketidaknormalan glukosa dan kelainan lainnya. Selain itu, faktor resiko yang berpengaruh adalah kebiasaan merokok dan minum minuman beralkohol (Isnaini, 2018). Berdasarkan data Riskesdas pada tahun 2013, prevalensi perokok laki-laki sebanyak 66% dimana sekitar 10 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan yaitu sebanyak 6,7% (Pusat Data dan informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2013).Penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2, selain memerlukan terapi non-farmakologis seperti mengatur pola makan, berolahraga, tidak merokok dan tidak minum minuman beralkohol juga memerlukan terapi farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan insulin dan/atau meminum obat antidiabetik oral (Neal, 2012). Namun penggunaan terapi pengobatan dengan insulin memiliki masalah pada pasien yang takut dengan jarum suntik, selain itu pengobatan dengan antidiabetik oral juga memiliki beberapa masalah yaitu adanya efek samping seperti penurunan berat badan, hipoglikemia, gangguan sistem pencernaan, dan lain-lain. Biaya pengobatan diabetes sendiri cukup mahal karena pengobatannya dalam jangka panjang dan bahkan bisa seumur hidup. Biaya yang diperlukan untuk memberi terapi pada pasien yang telah terdiagnosis diabetes di seluruh dunia pada 2011 hingga 2030 sebanyak 1,7 triliun US$ (WHO, 2016). Mempertimbangkan biaya pengobatan diabetes yang cukup tinggi dan efek samping yang ditimbulkan oleh obat-obat antidiabetes diperlukan suatu terapi alternatif dengan harga yang relatif murah dan memiliki potensi yang kuat serta memiliki efek samping yang minimal. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan limbah namun berkhasiat dalam terapi pengobatan diabetes melitus, diantaranya adalah bekatul (Sivamaruthi, Kesika and Chaiyasut, 2018).

Thyroid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which involves multiple organ systems and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as “A metabolic syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and or insulin action”. Thyroid diseases are also a common endocrinopathy seen in the adult population. Thyroid hormones are intimately involved in cellular metabolism. The present work is a modest attempt to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The study was carried out in total 108 diabetic patients without known thyroid disorder admitted in various Medical wards of R.N.T. Medical college and attached group of hospitals, Udaipur. It was a cross Sectional study done over a period of 10 months. Results: In the present study, 13% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had abnormal thyroid profile. Out of which the most common presentation was sub clinical hypothyroidism found in 9.25% followed by1.9% had overt hypothyroidism and 1.9% had sub clinical hyperthyroidism. In persons with abnormal thyroid profile 85.7% were females and 14.3% were males which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is common among T2DM patients and is higher in females than in males. There is no significant correlation between thyroid dysfunction and age, diabetes control, family history, type of treatment and HbA1c level in diabetic patients.

346-LB: The Role of STAT3 Signaling toward a-to-ß Reprogramming within the Adult Pancreas

As diabetes mellitus results from the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, the generation of surrogate β cells has attracted a lot of attention for the cure of diabetes. To date, insulin-producing cells have been generated from differentiated cell types in the pancreas, such as acinar cells and α cells, by inducing the exogenous expression of pancreas-specific transcription factors. However, it still remains unclear as to how surrogate β cells can be efficiently generated toward establishing future regenerative therapies for diabetes. STAT3 has been demonstrated to play a role in maintaining cellular identities in the pancreas, and we have reported that the activation of STAT3 signaling is required for acinar-to-ductal transition (Miyatsuka et al. Genes Dev. 2006), whereas the suppression of STAT3 signaling efficiently promotes acinar-to-β reprogramming (Miura M. et al. EBioMedicine. 2018). Therefore, we hypothesized that regulating STAT3 signaling may control the efficiency of α-to-β reprogramming. To address this, we generated transgenic mice that exogenously express Pdx1, Mafa and Ngn3 specifically in α cells, and deleted Stat3 in a tamoxifen inducible manner (Stat3KO; Gcg-CreERT2; Pdx1;Ngn3;Mafa mice: αStat3KO;PNM mice). Immunofluorescent imaging demonstrated that Stat3 deletion significantly increased the number of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells in αStat3KO;PNM mice, compared with control mice (28.2±2.7 vs. 8.6±3.1%, p<0.05). Notably, 61.2±8.8% of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells were negative for glucagon in αStat3KO;PNM mice, which was higher compared with controls (36.4±18.0 %). These results suggest that the suppression of STAT3 signaling efficiently promotes α-to-β reprogramming as well as acinar-to-β reprogramming in mice. Disclosure Y. Wakabayashi: None. T. Miyatsuka: None. L. Suzuki: None. M. Himuro: None. T. Katahira: None. M. Miura: None. H. Watada: Research Support; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Teijin Pharma Limited. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Terumo Medical Corporation. Other Relationship; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kowa Pharmaceutical Europe Co. Ltd., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanwa Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.

Aktivitas Antidiabetika Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) dan Rimpang

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 can be caused by the resistance of tissue towards insulin accompanied by relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Insulin resistance factor can result from obesity. This research aims to investigate anti- diabetic activity of the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Subjects of this research were 40 albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 5-8 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped into 8 experimental groups in which each group consisted of'5 rats. The tested animals were divided into 6 groups, KG) metformin 45 mg/Kg BB, P1: FEA curcuma 10 mg/ 200g BB, P2: FEA bitter melon 04 mg/ 200g BB, P3: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 5 : 0,8 mg/200g BB, P4: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 10 : 04 mg/200g BB, and P5: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon (20 : 02mg9/200g BB). The animals were inducted with insulin resistance with the giving of HFD-fructose. Result showed that the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and FEA of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) had the activity of lowering blood glucose level: the best anti-diabetic activity was identified in the compound of FEA of curcuma and FEA of bitter melon at the dose of 20: 0,2m9g/200g BB in the rats with HFD- fructose. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Cambria,serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} Diabetes Mellitus type 2 can be caused by the resistance of tissue towards insulin accompanied by relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Insulin resistance factor can result from obesity. This research aims to investigate anti- diabetic activity of the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Subjects of this research were 40 albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 5-8 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped into 8 experimental groups in which each group consisted of'5 rats. The tested animals were divided into 6 groups, KG) metformin 45 mg/Kg BB, P1: FEA curcuma 10 mg/ 200g BB, P2: FEA bitter melon 04 mg/ 200g BB, P3: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 5 : 0,8 mg/200g BB, P4: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 10 : 04 mg/200g BB, and P5: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon (20 : 02mg9/200g BB). The animals were inducted with insulin resistance with the giving of HFD-fructose. Result showed that the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and FEA of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) had the activity of lowering blood glucose level: the best anti-diabetic activity was identified in the compound of FEA of curcuma and FEA of bitter melon at the dose of 20: 0,2m9g/200g BB in the rats with HFD- fructose. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 can be caused by the resistance of tissue towards insulin accompanied by relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Insulin resistance factor can result from obesity. This research aims to investigate anti- diabetic activity of the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.). Subjects of this research were 40 albino Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 5-8 weeks. The rats were randomly grouped into 8 experimental groups in which each group consisted of'5 rats. The tested animals were divided into 6 groups, KG) metformin 45 mg/Kg BB, P1: FEA curcuma 10 mg/ 200g BB, P2: FEA bitter melon 04 mg/ 200g BB, P3: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 5 : 0,8 mg/200g BB, P4: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon 10 : 04 mg/200g BB, and P5: Compound of FEA curcuma : FEA bitter melon (20 : 02mg9/200g BB). The animals were inducted with insulin resistance with the giving of HFD-fructose. Result showed that the compound of FEA of curcuma (Curcuma domestica Val) and FEA of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) had the activity of lowering blood glucose level: the best anti-diabetic activity was identified in the compound of FEA of curcuma and FEA of bitter melon at the dose of 20: 0,2m9g/200g BB in the rats with HFD- fructose. 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Biochemical Changes of Ethanolic Leaf Extract Psidum Guajava of on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus (or diabetes) is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects the body's ability to use the energy found in food due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion with/without varying degree of insulin resistance. The work is aimed at evaluating the biochemical changes on ethanolic leaf extract Psidum guajava of in streptozotocin induced diabetic albino rats. Methods: A total of seventy (70) ratus norvegicus rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of seven rats in each group. Group A served as normal control and received normal saline (2 ml/kg body weight). Group B was treated Streptozotocin, Group C was treated with Streptozotocin and 200mg/kg body weight of extract, D was treated with Streptozotocin and 400mg/kg body weight of extract and E was treated Streptozotocin and 5mg/kg body weight of metformin. Glucose level, levels of renal function status biomarkers and hepatic function biomarkers were determined at the end of the study (28 days). Result: Acute toxicity test revealed no mortality at maximum dose of 5000mg/kg which suggests that test substance is safe for the doses used for this study. The result in liver enzymes shows significant (p<0.05) increases in AST, ALP and ALP when compared to the normal control but showed reduction in the protein level. Group B showed significant (p<0.05) increase in urea when compared with the normal control while Group C (200mg/kg), Group D (400mg/kg) and Group E (5mg/kg metformin) showed decreases in the levels of Creatinine when compared to normal control rats. All doses of the plant extract significantly (p<0.05) mitigated change; the reversals at 200mg/kg body weight of the extract compared well (p<0.05) with their respective non- streptozotocin normal saline treatment control animals in 400mg/kg of the parameters investigated. Conclusion: Conclusively, the study demonstrated that ethanoic leaf extract of Psidium guajava can reverse the hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus, when compared with a known standard drug metformin. There is need for further researchs which will be aimed at isolating and packaging the bioactive compounds responsible for this effect into finished pharmaceutical product