Relative Body Research Articles

The World of Traditional Healers: A Study on the Dimasas of Dima Hasao District, Assam

Based on basic ideas validated by community culture, traditional healing is thought to be the most ancient type of organized approach to healing activities. A scientific platform has long been established to discover the wealth of remedies for various ailments, taking into account the pharmacological actions of different ingredients through corresponding endeavors by qualified and specialized individuals in each community. The residents of the community professionally administer care utilizing plant, animal, and mineral materials in accordance with widely accepted sociocultural knowledge and attitudes towards the tri-polar concept of Body, Mind and Soul in relation to health. The traditional healers were well expertise to diagnose the conditions of their patients, administer medications, and heal their ailments. This study centers on the functions that traditional healers play in a tiny frontier tribal group, taking into account their local affiliation and the ways in which the respective population adapts through conventional healing.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION IN IMPROVING MOTOR SKILLS AND MENTAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Cerebral palsy was first described by William John Little in 1846. There are many definitions of cerebral palsy that vary from author to author. However, we can say that cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic non-progressive brain damage, postural and body motility disorder. Apart from sensorimotor abnormalities, some cases are accompanied by mental disorders as well as disorders of cognitive functions. It can occur during pregnancy, at birth or during the postnatal period, ie. prenatal, perinatal and postnatal - equally in both sexes. There are different classifications of cerebral palsy: according to changes in muscle tone, according to topographic features and according to the severity of the clinical picture.According to changes in muscle tone, they are divided into: Spastic form, Athetoid form, Ataxic form, Hypotonic form and Mixed form. According to the topography they are classified as: Diplegia, Quadriplegia, Hemiplegia, Triplegia and Monoplegia Physical therapy program is determined based on the clinical form of the disease. When determining a rehabilitation program, the principle of an individual approach is followed. Rehabilitation includes: physical medicine, kinesitherapy, reflex exercises according to Vojta, manual massage, thermotherapy, education of parents for rehabilitation at home; orthopedic aids; special education techniques. The aim of this study is to determine the role and impact of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the treatment of children with Cerebral Palsy in early childhood. The research was conducted at the University of Southeast Europe - (Stul University) at the Faculty of Health Sciences in the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, over a period of 6 months, from the beginning of April to the end of September 2023. 61 patients with cerebral palsy are included in the research, of which 28 are male, and the remaining 33 patients are female. The patients included in the research are classified into groups according to: gender, age and clinical form of cerebral palsy. The treatment of Cerebral Palsy (CP) has a complex character and includes medical, pedagogical and social rehabilitation. The individual tasks of the rehabilitation are determined after a functional examination of the motor abilities, where the main role is played by muscle tone, normal and pathological reflex motor activity, in the period up to 1 year of age. The goal of treatment with Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation is to achieve correct and timely development of movements and correction of pathological movement stereotypes (models), which occurred as a result of brain tissue damage. As for the motor deficit, kinesitherapy plays a major role. Established modern methods for kinesitherapy are the specialized methods for neuromuscular re-education of Vojta and Bobath. The Rood and Rabat methods werw also be used to facilitate the required movements and train coordination. Physical therapy and rehabilitation combined with kinesitherapy have an exceptional positive effect in: prevention of pathological primitive reflexes;creation and automation of normal active movements;saving irregular positions of the limbs and the whole body;establishment of balance and correct pattern of movement; fight against spasticity, secondary contractures and deformities; improvement of coordination and awareness of the body in relation to the environment.

PHYSICAL THERAPY AND NEUROREHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE

Cerebral stroke represents an acute disturbance of circulation in the brain, which occurs with local and general brain symptoms. Main etiological factors are: arteriosclerosis, increased blood pressure, arterial hypotension, heart diseases, malformations of brain blood vessels, etc. Stroke is the most common neurological disease and the leading cause of mortality in the world, right after cardiovascular and malignant diseases. Cerebrovascular stroke is a focal neurological deficit caused by intracerebral hemorrhage. It is a condition that occurs due to a change in blood circulation in the brain and a very low supply of oxygen and nutrients to parts of the brain, which results in their damage and disruption of the functions that depend on them. There are two types of cerebrovascular stroke: ischemic - thrombosis and thromboembolism (85%) and hemorrhagic – intracerebral and subarachnoid bleeding (15%). The clinical picture can develop gradually or, the patient can suddenly fall into a coma. Absence of movements of the affected limbs predominates, always opposite to the side of the impact with an outburst of the facial nerve of the central type. Hemiplegia is a loss of the voluntary movements of one half of the body, caused by damage to the opposite brain hemisphere. The musculature is atonic, tendon reflexes are reduced or lost. The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of physical therapy and neurorehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular brain stroke. Treatment of stroke: In the acute stage, physical therapy is aimed at preventing complications of the loco-motor apparatus (contractures, muscle and tendon retraction, heterotropic ossifications), the respiratory system (hypostatic pneumonia) and the skin (decubitus). This is achieved through treatment with position (frequent change of the position of the body in bed), passive exercises performed according to strictly defined rules, breathing exercises, exercises for healthy limbs and great care of the skin. The trophic changes of the skin are treated with ultraviolet radiation in suberythemic doses or with D’Arsonval currents. The research was conducted at the University of Southeast Europe - (Stul University) at the Faculty of Health Sciences in the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, over a period of 6 months, from the beginning of From the beginning of May - to the end of October 2023. The research included 27 stroke patients, of which 11 patients had a left-sided stroke, and the remaining 14 patients had a right-sided stroke. According to the gender structure, 12 patients are male and the remaining 15 patients are female. After completing the six-month treatment with physical therapy, kinesitherapy and the methods of Vojta and Carl and Bertha Bobat, the results show great progress in almost all parameters. A decrease in tonic primitive reflexes, neck and labyrinthine tonic reflexes, reduction of extensor hypertonia, improvement of motor-reflex activity, proprioceptive afference, coordination, reduction of neck tone, foot reflex, stimulation of the grip reflex and improvement of the position of the neck, limbs and body. The presented results shows significant improvement in both groups of participants. Physical therapy and rehabilitation combined with kinesitherapy have an exceptional positive effect in: prevention of pathological primitive reflexes;creation and automation of normal active movements;saving irregular positions of the limbs and the whole body;establishment of balance and correct pattern of movement; fight against spasticity, secondary contractures and deformities; improvement of coordination and awareness of the body in relation to the environment.

Persisting in extreme environments: What are the drivers of body conditions of introduced fish in high mountain lakes?

Abstract Salmonids are introduced in various ecosystems, including mountain lakes characterised by extreme environmental constraints. Although these constraints can affect salmonid body condition through direct and indirect pathways, they remain seldom explored despite their importance for understanding salmonid fitness and long‐term establishment. In order to fill this gap, we firstly fitted species‐specific weight–length relationships for three salmonid species in nine mountain lakes, and compared their allometric coefficients with those of 362 salmonid populations worldwide to identify potential differences in growth trajectory of salmonids in the studied lakes. We then investigated how thermal characteristics and lake morphometry could influence salmonid body conditions, both directly and indirectly through salmonid density, the presence of forage fish and resource densities. We calculated salmonid relative body condition Kn and used a structural equation model (SEM) to disentangle these direct and indirect effects. The values of allometric coefficients for the three species did not differ from those of most salmonids worldwide although ontogenetic changes in Salvelinus alpinus weight gain was observed. Kn differed significantly among the populations studied. The strongest effects were related to direct and indirect effects of lake morphometry, while thermal characteristics had mostly indirect effects on Kn. The strength and the sign of the indirect effects of morphometry and temperature were mediated by the direct effects of resource and salmonid densities on Kn. Kn estimates were greater in lakes with shallow basin slopes than those with steep slopes. Shallow basin slopes probably provide habitats that support high prey availability and require lower energy expenditure by salmonids compared to lakes with steep slopes dominated by pelagic habitats. Complementarily, higher winter and summer temperatures favour Kn by supporting higher prey densities and longer periods of feeding activity. Our results may help managers to select lakes that optimise sustainability of salmonid populations based on the joint effects of basin morphometry and the expected thermal modifications induced by global change.

Neuronally Derived Extracellular Vesicle α-Synuclein as a Serum Biomarker for Individuals at Risk of Developing Parkinson Disease

Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) often predate the movement disorder by decades. Currently, there is no blood biomarker to define this prodromal phase. To investigate whether α-synuclein in neuronally derived serum-extracellular vesicles identifies individuals at risk of developing PD and related dementia. This retrospective, cross-sectional multicenter study of serum samples included the Oxford Discovery, Marburg, Cologne, and Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohorts. Participants were recruited from July 2013 through August 2023 and samples were analyzed from April 2022 through September 2023. The derivation group (n = 170) included participants with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and controls. Two validation groups were used: the first (n = 122) included participants with iRBD and controls and the second (n = 263) included nonmanifest GBA1N409S gene carriers, participants with iRBD or hyposmia, and available dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography, healthy controls, and patients with sporadic PD. Overall the study included 199 participants with iRBD, 20 hyposmic participants with available dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography, 146 nonmanifest GBA1N409S gene carriers, 21 GBA1N409S gene carrier patients with PD, 50 patients with sporadic PD, and 140 healthy controls. In the derivation group and validation group 1, participants with polysomnographically confirmed iRBD were included. In the validation group 2, at-risk participants with available Movement Disorder Society prodromal markers and serum samples were included. Among 580 potential participants, 4 were excluded due to alternative diagnoses. Clinical assessments, imaging, and serum collection. L1CAM-positive extracellular vesicles (L1EV) were immunocaptured from serum. α-Synuclein and syntenin-1 were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) with 95% CIs evaluated biomarker performance. Probable prodromal PD was determined using the updated Movement Disorder Society research criteria. Multiple linear regression models assessed the association between L1EV α-synuclein and prodromal markers. Among 576 participants included, the mean (SD) age was 64.30 (8.27) years, 394 were male (68.4%), and 182 were female (31.6%). A derived threshold of serum L1EV α-synuclein distinguished participants with iRBD from controls (AUC = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96) and those with more than 80% probability of having prodromal PD from participants with less than 5% probability (AUC = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89). Subgroup analyses revealed that specific combinations of prodromal markers were associated with increased L1EV α-synuclein levels. Across all cohorts, L1EV α-synuclein differentiated participants with more than 80% probability of having prodromal PD from current and historic healthy control populations (AUC = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93), irrespective of initial diagnosis. L1EV α-synuclein was increased in at-risk participants with a positive cerebrospinal fluid seed amplification assay and was above the identified threshold in 80% of cases (n = 40) that phenoconverted to PD or related dementia. L1EV α-synuclein in combination with prodromal markers should be considered in the stratification of those at high risk of developing PD and related Lewy body diseases.

JUSTIFICATION OF RATIONAL OPTIONS FOR APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL MEANS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOST MIXTURE

The goal of the research was to increase the efficiency of compost production from organic raw materials of agroecosystems through the development and implementation of scientifically based complex technical and technological solutions under conditions of accelerated aerobic fermentation. Four operating schemes of rotary drum-blade devices were chosen for research: single- and double-drum aerator, single- and double-drum PRT. The interrelationship between the parameters of the mechanized composting process and the design of the working bodies for the purpose of ensuring the set tasks has been established. In general, the process of functioning of the working body is divided into three processes, which are performed in a complex: loosening (shredding) or separation of shavings (particles) from the total mass, mixing and molding of the edge. The results of the experiments show better indicators of mixing quality and homogeneity for the M-shaped arrangement of the blades on the drum compared to the L-shaped one. The consumed power is less for the L-shaped arrangement of the blades. The conclusions are objective, regardless of the type of raw material and the height of the placement of the working body in relation to the side. As a result of the conducted theoretical and experimental studies, rational options for the use of technical means of compost mixture preparation are substantiated. Under the condition of ensuring the maximum homogeneity of the compass mixture, the largest value of the edge structure index and the minimization of energy consumption: – when processing chicken litter based on sunflower husk (ρ = 360–450 kg/t3, W = 32–44%, Mgran < 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on PRT-10 with one L-shaped working body; – when processing chicken litter based on sunflower husks (ρ = 360–450 kg/t3, W = 32–44%, Mgran > 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on an aerator with two L-shaped working bodies; – when processing chicken bedding straw cattle manure (ρ = 680–750 kg/ t3, W = 42–66%, Mgran < 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on PRT-10 with two L-shaped working bodies; – when processing chicken bedding straw cattle manure (ρ = 680–750 kg/ t3, W = 42–66%, Mgran > 2123 t) it is advisable to use a device based on an aerator with one M-shaped working body.

¿Cómo leer a los padres? Cuerpos, monumentos e historia en M, Restos de restos y Tierra de los padres de Nicolás Prividera

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the critical, poetic and cinematographic work of Nicolás Prividera with the aim of thinking about the ways in which the memory of the dictatorship is staged by a representative of "second generation" cinema. Three notions are investigated here: that of the body in relation to the cinema of the children of the disappeared in M (2007), that of the monumentalization of memory in some texts of Restos de Restos (2012) and the question of the representation of history, its relation to political discourses, and violence in Argentine history in Tierra de los Padres (2013).

Source-to-sea, integrated water resources management, and integrated coastal management approaches: integrative, complementary, or competing?

Mitigation, adaptation, environmental protection, and sustainable development on the land and related water bodies are being promoted in a fragmented way. Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management have been presented as a way to face these problems. The Source-to-sea approach has recently emerged proposing a new water governance and management framework. This research aimed to understand the Source-to-sea approach and identify its relationships and convergences with the approaches of Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management and answer the question of whether they are integrative, complementary, or competitive. Content analysis was used as part of the investigation method so that it was possible to identify the intentions and perceptions of the concepts, principles, and dimensions adopted by each approach. The classification of elements resulted in 8 categories. Based on Leopold’s matrix, we created a base matrix to analyze the relationships between the approaches. The S2S approach integrates and, at the same time, complements Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management. For the eight categories, Source-to-sea was fully committed to 6 of them. Integrated Water Resources Management was fully committed to 5 of them. And Integrated Coastal Management was fully committed to only 3 of them. The Source-to-sea approach brings new elements, revitalizes some methods, and strengthens the governance and management structure of freshwater and marine water resources, enabling a new vision in the continuum where Integrated Water Resources Management and Integrated Coastal Management are part of the process within a new perspective.

Learning to Infer Inner-Body Under Clothing From Monocular Video.

Accurately estimating the human inner-body under clothing is very important for body measurement, virtual try-on and VR/AR applications. In this article, we propose the first method to allow everyone to easily reconstruct their own 3D inner-body under daily clothing from a self-captured video with the mean reconstruction error of 0.73cm within 15s. This avoids privacy concerns arising from nudity or minimal clothing. Specifically, we propose a novel two-stage framework with a Semantic-guided Undressing Network (SUNet) and an Intra-Inter Transformer Network (IITNet). SUNet learns semantically related body features to alleviate the complexity and uncertainty of directly estimating 3D inner-bodies under clothing. IITNet reconstructs the 3D inner-body model by making full use of intra-frame and inter-frame information, which addresses the misalignment of inconsistent poses in different frames. Experimental results on both public datasets and our collected dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The code and dataset is available for research purposes at http://cic.tju.edu.cn/faculty/likun/projects/Inner-Body.

Norm-Violating Behavior in Organizations: A Comprehensive Conceptual Review and Model of Constructive and Destructive Norm-Violating Behavior

Norm violations can not only cause harm but also contribute to the well-being of organizations. During the last several decades, two different foci of research on workplace norm violations have generated a host of empirical studies on both constructive and destructive norm-violating behavior (NVB). However, the two closely related bodies of literature have remained in almost complete isolation from each other. Our conceptual review seeks to kindle a new perspective to better understand the general concept of NVB in organizations by combining the bifurcated silos of both constructive and destructive NVB. By conducting a systematic literature review of research on workplace NVBs over the past 30 years, we synthesize the major research findings on both constructive and destructive deviance into a general framework and examine the major antecedents, moderators, mediators, and outcomes as they fit within the major theoretical perspectives. Moreover, we study the commonalities of constructive and destructive NVB, focusing especially on the overlapping and dynamic relationships between the two concepts. To conclude, we propose new lines of inquiry for future research to assist academics and practitioners in understanding and managing different forms of organizational norm violations.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation stimulates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor and this contributes to the weight loss effect of liraglutide.

The canonical target of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), Protein Kinase A (PKA), has been shown to stimulate mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) by phosphorylating the mTOR-regulating protein Raptor at Ser791 following β-adrenergic stimulation. The objective of these studies is to test whether GLP-1R agonists similarly stimulate mTORC1 via PKA phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser791 and whether this contributes to the weight loss effect of the therapeutic GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. We measured phosphorylation of the mTORC1 signaling target ribosomal protein S6 in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing GLP-1R (CHO-Glp1r) treated with liraglutide in combination with PKA inhibitors. We also assessed liraglutide-mediated phosphorylation of the PKA substrate RRXS*/T* motif in CHO-Glp1r cells expressing Myc-tagged wild-type (WT) Raptor or a PKA-resistant (Ser791Ala) Raptor mutant. Finally, we measured the body weight response to liraglutide in WT mice and mice with a targeted knock-in of PKA-resistant Ser791Ala Raptor. Liraglutide increased phosphorylation of S6 and the PKA motif in WT Raptor in a PKA-dependent manner but failed to stimulate phosphorylation of the PKA motif in Ser791Ala Raptor in CHO-Glp1r cells. Lean Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice were resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss but not setmelanotide-induced (melanocortin-4 receptor-dependent) weight loss. Diet-induced obese Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice were not resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss; however, there was weight-dependent variation such that there was a tendency for obese Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice of lower relative body weight to be resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss compared to weight-matched controls. Together, these findings suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser791 contributes to liraglutide-induced weight loss.

Estimation of Absolute and Relative Body Fat Content Using Noninvasive Surrogates: Can DXA Be Bypassed?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning is used for objective determination of body composition, but instrumentation is expensive and not generally available in customary clinical practice. Anthropometric surrogates are often substituted as anticipated correlates of absolute and relative body fat content in the clinical management of obesity and its associated medical risks. DXA and anthropometric data from a cohort of 9230 randomly selected American subjects, available through the ongoing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, was used to evaluate combinations of surrogates (age, height, total weight, waist circumference) as predictors of DXA-determined absolute and relative body fat content. Multiple regression analysis yielded linear combinations of the 4 surrogates that were closely predictive of DXA-determined absolute fat content (R2 =0.93 and 0.96 for male and female subjects). Accuracy of the new algorithm was improved over customary surrogate-based predictors such as body mass index. However prediction of relative body fat was less robust (R2 less than0.75), probably due to the nonlinear relation between degree of obesity (based on body mass index) and relative body fat. The paradigm was validated using an independent cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, as well as two independent external subject groups. The described regression-based algorithm is likely to be a sufficiently accurate predictor of absolute body fat (but not relative body fat) to substitute for DXA scanning in many clinical situations. Further work is needed to assess algorithm validity for subgroups of individuals with "atypical" body construction.

Physical Fitness of Thoroughbred Horse Racing Jockeys

Abstract Purpose Thoroughbred racing jockeys compete at maximum physiological capacity in a sport with a high risk of falls and injury. A greater understanding of the physical capacities determining jockey performance may lead to minimum physical performance parameters and corrective interventions to improve jockey fitness and performance and reduce jockey and horse injury. The aim of this study was to develop appropriate physical testing procedures for jockeys and a physical fitness profile for different licence levels. Methods Fifty-eight jockeys (n = 24 females, n = 34 males), representing all apprentice jockeys licenced in New Zealand in 2021 (100%, n = 8 probationers and n = 39 apprentices) and eleven professional jockeys (14%) were assessed to determine baseline physiological and fitness data. Descriptive statistics and boxplots were used to compare aerobic fitness, abdominal (core), upper and lower body strength, muscular power, reaction time, flexibility and a novel ‘saddle’ test targeting lower body strength, balance, and endurance between licencing levels. Effect Size (ES) was used to determine magnitude of differences between groups. Results More experienced jockeys had greater relative lower body strength (ES = 0.2–0.7) and better balance (ES = 0.5–0.9) compared to the less experienced groups. Jockeys who were in the top 20 of the premiership table (jockey rankings) had faster reaction times (ES = 0.7) and greater core extensor strength (ES = 0.7) than other cohorts. Most tests showed little differentiation between jockey licence levels, however the ‘saddle test’ showed greater variability in the less experienced race riders. This test may be an effective measure of jockey baseline performance. Conclusions These data could be used to inform minimum jockey licencing requirements and future physical fitness training programmes to increase jockey physiological fitness, thereby minimising risk of falls or injury due to physiological deficits and performance.

IN HEALTHY WOMEN: CANCER RELATED BODY IMAGE, LEVELS OF CANCER STIGMA AND RELATED FACTORS

Kanser taraması yaptırmak için Kanser Erken Teşhis ve Tedavi Merkezi'ne başvuran, kanser tanısı almamış kadınların kanser damga düzeyini, kansere ilişkin beden algılarını ve bunlarla ilişkili faktörleri saptamak amaçlanmıştır. 2 Aralık 2019 - 26 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında kanser taraması yaptırmak için başvuran kadınlara kanser taraması yapıldıktan sonra araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile katılımcıların sosyodemografik özelliklerini, Kanser Damga Ölçeğini, kansere ilişkin beden algısını ve kanser risk faktörleri hakkında bilgiyi değerlendiren soruları içeren veri toplama formu uygulanmıştır. Analizler 500 kadın katılımcının verileri üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların %38,6’sı 50-59 yaş aralığında olup %88,6’sı daha önce kanser taraması yaptırmış, %31,1’i tarama yaptırmayı ertelemiş, erteleyenlerin %41,6’sı kanser tanısı almaktan korkma veya kaygılanma sebebiyle kanser taraması yaptırmayı ertelemiştir. Üniversite veya üstü eğitim alan, daha önce kanser taraması yaptıran, ailesinde sağlık çalışanı olan katılımcıların kanser damga puanı daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ortaokul ve üzerinde eğitim almış, arkadaşlarında, iş arkadaşlarında ve komşularında kanser olan katılımcıların kanser bilgi puanları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kanser damga puanı yüksek veya kanser bilgi puanı düşük olan katılımcıların kansere ilişkin beden algısının olumsuz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadınların sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyinin artırılması ve kanser hakkındaki her türlü bilgi paylaşımının kanser damgası perspektifiyle yapılmasının yararlı olabileceği düşünülmüştür.

Analysis of Prakriti in Ayurvedic Classical Texts

Prakriti is an integral part of Ayurveda, which is an eternal science based on absolute principles. It is essential for the selection and formation of all factors for which a person will interact from conception to death, such as lifestyle, diet, etc. It represents the character of the body in relation to the Dosha and is determined at the moment of conception based on the predominant Dosha. This character does not change throughout a person's lifetime and is responsible for their physical and mental attributes. Tridosha says there are seven types of Prakriti. People with certain Prakriti have different bodies in terms of how they work, how they act, how they react to things in their environment, how likely they are to get diseases, and so on. Prakriti identifies how an individual reacts to environmental conditions, lifestyle changes, and drugs, and how susceptible they are to different diseases. It's one of the first ideas in preventive and personalized (or genomic) medicine. To figure out how susceptible an individual is to different diseases, what drugs to use, how much to take, how the drug reacts to the body, how the disease will progress, and how to prevent it, first Prakriti is done, then Vikriti is done. Prakriti focuses on uniqueness and plays a big role in preventing and curing diseases, as well as keeping you healthy throughout your life. Analysis of the concept of Prakriti is made to find out through this paper.

Conflicting Associations among Bioelectrical Impedance and Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Young White and Black Adults.

The purpose of this cross-sectional evaluation was to determine the associations between raw bioelectrical impedance and cardiometabolic health parameters in a sample of young non-Hispanic White and African American adults. A total of 96 (female: 52, male: 44) non-Hispanic White ( n = 45) and African American adults ( n = 51) between the ages of 19 and 37 yr (22.7 ± 3.83 yr) completed several fasted assessments including resting systolic blood pressure (rSBP), blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy-derived measurements included phase angle, bioimpedance index (BI), impedance ratio (IR), reactance index (XCi), fat-free mass (FFM), FFM index (FFMi), and absolute (a) and relative (%) total body water (TBW) and extracellular (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF). All bioelectric variables were collected at 50 kHz other than IR (250 kHz/5 kHz). Multiple regressions were conducted and adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. rSBP was positively, and HDL was inversely, associated with all bioelectrical impedance and absolute hydration variables (all P ≤ 0.050) other than XCi for rSBP and XCi and FFMi for HDL. rSBP ( P < 0.001) was inversely, and HDL ( P = 0.034) was positively, associated with IR. FBG was positively associated with BI, XCi, FFM, TBWa, and ECFa (all P < 0.050). Metabolic syndrome severity was positively associated with BI, FFM, TBWa, and ECFa for women (all P ≤ 0.050) and with ICFa for African American women ( P = 0.016). Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic health risks among young adults and the broad use of bioelectrical impedance in practice, the conflicting associations we observed in this age group suggest that bioelectrical impedance parameters should be used with caution in the context of cardiometabolic health risks and age.

4.C. Round table: The role of EU bodies and European Health Union policies, and implications for the Pandemic Treaty

Abstract As the CoViD-19 pandemic unfolded, policy- and decision-makers within and beyond European borders became acutely aware of the urgent need to revisit policies and cross-border collaboration to increase preparedness. CoViD-19 lessons, regional autonomy, the way EU bodies functioned at times of crisis but also at times of peace, and EU's role in global health were all considered. In 2022, a new EU body, the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (HERA) Authority became operational “to prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to health emergencies, through intelligence gathering and building the necessary response capacities.” In March 2022, the Council of the EU adopted the decision to authorise the opening of negotiations for an international agreement on these topics, i.e., ‘The Pandemic Treaty’. Upon ratification, the treaty will become a legally binding instrument to determine coordination of public-private partnerships, towards discovery, and research and development (R&amp;D) for vaccines, diagnostic and medicinal products. Negotiations started in the summer of 2022, with the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB4) drafting the treaty in the WHO framework, the ‘Zero Draft’ presented in Nov 2022, progress to be reported to the World Health Assembly (WHA76) (May 2023), and a final draft agreement to be delivered in May 2024. In March 2023, HERA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and HERA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) formalised agreements to clearly delineate working arrangements “to strengthen cooperation and to coordinate their work in support of health emergency preparedness and response in the area of medical countermeasures”. The increasing level of complexity, with rapid policy developments necessitates better understanding of the role of EU bodies and policies play, equipping public health professionals and of the tools to participate in these exchanges at national and cross-border levels, ultimately ensuring public health priorities and interests are served. This RT aims to provide an overview of recent developments for these bodies (HERA, EMA, ECDC), how they interact with WHO, and implications of the recently presented EU Global Health Strategy (EUGHS) (Nov 2022) and EU General Pharmaceutical Legislation (EUGPL) (Apr 2023). Panellists and Chairs include representatives to these bodies and legal experts to help elucidate key aspects. Brief interventions followed by discussion will explore: • The role of EU bodies in relation to the treaty • EU priorities, incl. regional autonomy, and related legislation, i.e., EUGPL and EUGHS • Key treaty articles and implications for European public health and global public health • The relevance of existing instruments, e.g., International Health Regulations, the Nagoya Protocol, the UN Biodiversity Convention • The guiding principles and rights in the Zero Draft Active audience interaction is envisioned via polls to prioritise topics and submit questions. Key messages • The global and European public health landscapes are rapidly being transformed. Comprehensive understanding of bodies and policies at interplay by public health professionals is key. • Current developments involve key deliberation and consultation steps at national, EU-wide and global levels. The public health community must be informed and engaged to safeguard public health. Speakers/Panelists Ricardo Mexia INSA - National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal Debjani Muller HTAi, Edmonton, Canada Sujitha Subramanian UK Dimitra Lingri National Organization for Health Care Services Provision, Athens, Greece

Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with pathophysiological condition including metabolic syndrome-related dysmetabolism in children and adolescents with obesity.

Obesity of children and adolescents (OCA) is often accompanied by metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often leads to adult obesity and subsequent complications, yet the entire pathophysiological response is not fully understood. The number and composition of circulating extracellular vesicles (EV) reflect overall patient condition; therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological condition of OCA, including MetS-associated dysmetabolism, using circulating EVs. In total, 107 children and adolescents with or without obesity (boys, n = 69; girls, n = 38; median age, 10years) were enrolled. Circulating EV number and EV protein composition were assessed via flow cytometry and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, relative body weight (standardized partial regression coefficient (SPRC) 0.469, P = 0.012) and serum triglyceride level (SPRC 0.548, P < 0.001) were detected as independent parameters correlating with circulating EV number. Proteomic analysis identified 31 upregulated and 45 downregulated EV proteins in OCA. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulated proteins to be involved in various biological processes, including intracellular protein transport, protein folding, stress response, leukocyte activation, innate immune response, and platelet degranulation, which can modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, skeletal and cardiac muscle development, inflammation, immune response, carcinogenesis, and cancer progression. Notably, several identified EV proteins are involved in neuro-development, neurotransmitter release, and neuro-protective agents in OCA. Circulating EVs were derived from adipocytes, hepatocytes, B cell lymphocytes, and neurons. Circulating EV number is significantly associated with MetS-related dysmetabolism and the EV protein cargo carries a special "signature" that reflects the alteration of various biological processes under the pathophysiological condition of OCA. KEY MESSAGES: Circulating EV number correlates with physical and laboratory parameters for obesity in children and adolescents. Relative body weight and triglyceride are independent factors for increased circulating EVs. EV composition is significantly changed in obesity of children and adolescents. Identified EV composition changes associated with obesity and involves in metabolism, immune response, and cancer progression. Circulating EVs are partially derived from adipocyte, hepatocytes, B cells, and neurons.

Quo vadis research on spatial atmospheres?

This paper offers a multidisciplinary overview on the concept and reality of affective and spatial atmospheres. Initially, the paper provides a synopsis on the disciplinary origins of the concept in philosophy, cultural geography and architecture, and then outlines how tourism research has more recently started adopting the atmosphere perspective. Research on spatial atmospheres has primarily been concerned with collective affective phenomena in space, but has also been characterised by inconclusive debates regarding where transpersonal affect ultimately emanates from (quasi-objective environmental origins vs relational body/’Leib’-centred origins). While these are important debates which have implications, the practical and empirical operationalisation of the atmosphere concept is just as relevant. This holds particularly for tourism, where providers try to engineer desired moods and ambiances. The paper concludes by identifying current gaps in the literature and outlines future directions for research into atmospheres, in the tourism field and beyond.

Comparative evaluation of air distribution systems for controlling the airborne infection risk in indoor environments

Air distribution systems are essential for controlling indoor airborne cross-infection risks. However, there is no consensus on the most effective system. This study compares the effectiveness of common air distribution methods, including mixing ventilation (MV), displacement ventilation (DV), and stratum ventilation (SV), while considering specific influencing factors for each system. Factors such as inlet type for MV, airflow direction for SV, and relative body posture for DV were evaluated. Computational thermal manikins with actual breathing functions were simulated, and tracer gas (N2O) and particles of various sizes were used to simulate pathogen-laden droplet nuclei from an infected individual. The modified Wells-Riley model was employed to assess infection risk. Results indicate that no single air distribution system consistently outperforms others, with effectiveness depending on different conditions. Under the DV system, the highest infection risk (20.86 %) occurred when the infected person was seated, and the exposed person was standing, decreasing to 1.2 % when their positions were reversed. In SV system, the highest risk (17.58 %) was observed when the infected person with the same direction as the airflow, dropping to 1.01 % in the opposite direction. The study suggests using MV systems with adequate air volume when people's locations and relative positions are unclear.