Relationship Of Body Mass Index Research Articles

Relationship of body mass index and blood pressure with diabetes: a nested case-control study

Objective: To explore the relationship of body mass index and blood pressure with the incidence of diabetes in Jinchang cohort. Methods: We designed a nested case-control study, a total of 29 572 workers who had no history of diabetes in baseline survey in Jinchang cohort were selected as the study cohort from June 2011 to December 2013. After 2 year follow-up, 1 021 workers with first diagnosed diabetes were selected as the case group, after 1∶1 matching according to the same gender and age ±2 years among those without diabetes, circulatory system, or endocrine system diseases during the same follow-up period, 1 021 controls was selected and 2 042 subjects were finally included. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model, additive interaction model and multiplicative interaction model to explore the relationship of body mass index and blood pressure with the incidence of diabetes. Results: After adjusting for factors such as occupation, alcohol use, family history of diabetes, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low-HDL cholesterolemia and high-LDL cholesterolemia, multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of diabetes increased with body mass index and blood pressure. Hypertension and overweight/obesity had a multiplicative interaction on the incidence of diabetes. The risks of diabetes in men and women with hypertension and overweight/obese were 2.04 times (95%CI: 1.54-2.69) and 3.88 times (95%CI: 2.55-5.91) higher than those in men and women with normal body weight and blood pressure, respectively. In the combination of BMI and blood pressure, obese individuals with SBP≥160 mmHg were 4.57 times (95%CI: 2.50-8.34) more likely to have diabetes than those with normal BMI and SBP, obese individuals with DBP≥90 mmHg were 3.40 times (95%CI: 2.19-5.28) more likely to have diabetes than those with normal BMI and DBP. Conclusions: Overweight/obesity and hypertension can increase the risk of diabetes. Health education about body weight and blood pressure controls should be strengthened to reduce the risk of diabetes.

The association between worsening of synovitis and radiographic osteoarthritis progression is more pronounced in obese individuals: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

Purpose: Synovial inflammation in the knee is associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression. Yet, the relation of body mass index (BMI) to worsening of synovitis and OA progression remains unknown. This study investigated the association of synovitis progression during a 2-year period with radiographic KOA progression over 48 months in 3 groups of patients according to their BMI.

BODY MASS INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME AND ITS RELATION TO DOSE AND DURATION OF HMG, OVULATION RATE AND PREGNANCY RATE

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of endocrinological disorders affecting 5-10% of women in reproductive age. It is the most important cause of anovulation and infertility. Objective: To examine the relation of body mass index in PCOS patients with dose and duration of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG), ovulation rate and pregnancy rate. Patients and Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted on 150 women selected from patients attending the infertility clinic of Al-Azhar hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University during the period from August 2018 till July 2020, and we revised and collected that data from the records. All cases were selected after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into three equal groups according to their body mass index, Group A: patients with normal body mass index (BMI 19-24.9), Group B: patients with overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and group C: patients with obesity (BMI equals or more than 30). Results: There was a statistical significance as regards pregnancy rates between studied groups. In the current study there was a statistical significant difference between three groups as regards the mean age. There was no statistical significant difference between three groups as regards the mean Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), Prolactin (PRL) and Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH). According to the days of stimulation, group C showed a significant increase than group A and B. The dose of HMG used in the three studied groups, showed a significantly higher dose used in group C than group A and B. The ovulation rate was 68% in group A, 56% in group B and 28% in group C. The results were compared with other studies of similar scope and most of them were recent ones. In our study, obesity had negative impact on ovulatory functions. It seemed that obesity was a negative prognostic factor for women referred to vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. They should be encouraged to change lifestyle habits in order to lose weight before starting fertility treatment. Although our findings did not support a policy of excluding obese and overweight women from IVF treatment on the grounds of likely failure of ovulation induction or IVF, Beyond the IVF results, obesity increased morbidity for both mother and fetus. There was an increased risk in pregnancy hypertension, toxemia, gestational diabetes, Cesarean section, increased hospitalization, and the risk to their offspring of their abnormality in BMI. Conclusion: Programs of weight loss are recommended for obese women undergoing in vitro fertilization, and the institution of a process of weight loss where appropriate, HMG can be given to patients with PCO adjusting dose according to their BMI and response with expecting satisfactory ovulation, and pregnancy rate.

Role of Sociocultural Pressures and Internalization of Appearance Ideals in the Motivation for Exercise.

This study examined the mediating role of sociocultural pressures (i.e., parental, peer, significant others, and media) and the internalization of appearance ideals (i.e., thin, muscular, attractive) on the relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) and exercise frequency to exercise motives (i.e., weight management, appearance, positive health). A total of 262 young women, age 18 to 29, participated in the study. Average BMI in this sample was 22.09 (SD = 2.69) and ranged from 18.03 to 31.51, with 15.3% of the sample having a BMI of 25 and above, which qualifies as overweight. Participants completed Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised and Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2) along with some demographic information and questions regarding their exercise habits. The results indicated that women with higher BMI are more motivated to exercise to lose weight, and women who exercise more frequently are motivated by the aspect of positive health. Also, women with higher BMI perceive more sociocultural pressures to obtain a culturally acceptable body. The sociocultural pressures and appearance internalization mediated the relationship between BMI and the frequency of exercise with motives for exercise. The implications and future directions of research are discussed.

Association of BMI with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies

AimsThe relation of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality has been extensively investigated in the general population but is less clear in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies to quantitatively evaluate the association of BMI with CVD incidence and mortality in patients with T2DM. Data synthesisPubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant cohort articles published up to June 8, 2020. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the potential linear or non-linear dose–response associations. We identified 17 articles (21 studies) with 1,349,075 participants and 57,725 cases (49,354 CVD incidence and 8371 CVD mortality) in the meta-analysis. We found a linear association between BMI and risk of CVD incidence (Pnon-linearity = 0.182); the pooled RR for CVD incidence was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04–1.20) with a 5-unit increase in BMI. We found an overall nonlinear relationship between BMI and CVD mortality (Pnon-linearity < 0.001). The lowest risk was at BMI about 28.4 kg/m2, with increased mortality risk for higher BMI values; the RR with a 5-unit increase in BMI was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.96) and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.04–1.18) for BMI ≤28.4 kg/m2 and BMI >28.4 kg/m2, respectively. ConclusionsIn individuals with T2DM, BMI may have a positive linear association with risk of CVD incidence but a nonlinear association with CVD mortality. Our results can provide evidence for weight control and lifestyle intervention for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease in T2DM.

Study on the association between vitamin D and body fat distribution in children and adolescents

Objective: To investigate the association of vitamin D with distribution of body fat in children and adolescents. Methods: Data were obtained from the baseline survey of School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program in 2017. Multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression models were applied to analyze the relationships of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), trunk fat mass index (TFMI), appendicular fat mass index (AFMI), and visceral fat area(VFA) with vitamin D level and status in children and adolescents. Results: A total of 11 960 children and adolescents were included in the analysis (boys accounting for 49.7%). The average age and serum vitamin D level of study population were (11.0±3.3) years and (35.0±11.9) nmol/L, respectively. The deficiency rate of vitamin D was 37.2%. Gender-specific associations of BMI, FMI, TFMI, and AFMI with vitamin D level were found (P for interaction <0.05): they were inversely associated with vitamin D level in boys (BMI: β=-0.56; FMI: β =-0.59; TFMI: β=-0.60; AFMI: β=-0.59; all P<0.05), but not in girls (P>0.05). VFA was positively associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in both boys and girls, and the risks of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency all increased by 17%(95%CI: 9%-25%) for per increment of standard deviation in VFA. Conclusions: The higher level of visceral fat was associated with the lower vitamin D levels in children. Abdominal obese children and boys with excessive body fat are the key population in the prevention and control of vitamin D deficiency.

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Inflammatory Parameters in HIV Patients Treated with Antiretrovirals

Antiretroviral administration affects weight gain and inflammation in HIV patients. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship of body mass index with inflamation parameters in HIV patients who ARV therapy. In 40 HIV patients (stage III-IV) treated with ARV (FDC 87%, Durival Efaviren 7.5%, Tenofovir, Huviral, Aluvia 2.5%, and Tenofovir, Huviral, Neviral 2.5%) conducted observational analytics with crosssectional design. CD4 examination was carried out flowcytometrically, BMI measured by formula weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2), waist circumference (WC) measured by ribbon between costae arcus and anterior superior iliac spine, albumin measurement with Brom Cresol Green (BCG) method. There is a significant correlation between BMI with WC and CD4 (r=0.61, p&lt;0.001 and r=0.38, p&lt;0.001, respectively). There is no correlation between BMI and duration of ARV treatment, albumin and leptin. ARV treatment in HIV patients will affect weight and inflammatory markers.

“Obesity paradox” has not an impact on minimally invasive anatomical lung resection

IntroductionThe paradoxical benefit of obesity, the ‘obesity paradox’, has been analyzed in lung surgical populations with contradictory results. Our goal was assessing the relationship of body mass index (BMI) to acute outcomes after minimally invasive major pulmonary resections. MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary anatomical resection through a minimally invasive approach for the period 2014–2019. Patients were grouped as underweight, normal, overweight and obese type I, II and III. Adjusted odds ratios regarding postoperative complications (overall, respiratory, cardiovascular and surgical morbidity) were produced with their exact 95% confidence intervals. All tests were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. ResultsAmong 722 patients included in the study, 37.7% had a normal BMI and 61.8% were overweight or obese patients. When compared with that of normal BMI patients, adjusted pulmonary complications were significantly higher in obese type I patients (2.6% vs 10.6%, OR: 4.53 [95%CI: 1.86–12.11]) and obese type II–III (2.6% vs 10%, OR: 6.09 [95%CI: 1.38–26.89]). No significant differences were found regarding overall, cardiovascular or surgical complications among groups. ConclusionsObesity has not favourable effects on early outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive anatomical lung resections, since the risk of respiratory complications in patients with BMI≥30kg/m2 and BMI≥35kg/m2 is 4.5 and 6 times higher than that of patients with normal BMI.

Relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sex in Adolescent Training Resistance

Adolescents 18-21 years of age today have problems related to&#x0D; movement that result in changes to resistance training. Exercise&#x0D; resistance is expressed in VO2max. Body mass index and gender&#x0D; are factors that influence VO2max. The purpose of this study is&#x0D; to analyze the relationship between body mass index and sex&#x0D; on VO2Max and to analyze how closely the relationship is. The&#x0D; type of this study is an observational study with a purposive&#x0D; sampling technique with a point time approach design with a&#x0D; total of 183 samples with criteria for healthy samples aged 18-&#x0D; 21 years. The independent variable in this study was exercise&#x0D; endurance (VO2max), and the dependent variable was body&#x0D; mass index and gender. The data is processed using software for&#x0D; data analysis. From the data normality test using Kolmogorov&#x0D; Smirnov for Body Mass Index data with a value of 0.001, sex data&#x0D; with a value of 0.000, VO2Max data with a value of 0.000 which&#x0D; indicates abnormal data. Test Data analysis using the Spearman&#x0D; rank test resulted in the value of gender and VO2max 0.001 with&#x0D; r value of 0.203 and body mass index value and VO2max -0.015&#x0D; with r value of 0.766.There is a correlation between body mass&#x0D; index and sex on VO2Max.

Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh Dengan Tingkat Kejadian Karies Pada Anak Usia 5-12 Tahun : Kajian Pada Pasien Rsgm Fkg Universitas Trisakti (Penelitian)

Background: Dental caries is a major health problem affecting most of the world's population and is a multifactorial disease caused by the host, microorganisms, substrate and time. Nutrition is very important in maintaining health, growth, and has a relationship with nutritional status and dental caries. Obesity that occurs in children is a serious and emergency problem because it can last into adulthood. Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the relationship of Body Mass Index with caries incidence rates in children aged 5-12 years. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design in children aged 5-12 years at Dental Hospital in Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University in 2019 with a total sample of 85 children. BMI is measured by weight squared divided by height squared to assess the nutritional status of children, while the def-t index and DMF-T index are used to assess the severity of caries. Results: The incidence rate of deciduous dental caries is very high (def-t index 9.75) and the incidence rate of permanent dental caries is low (DMF-T index 1.27). Data analysis using the Pearson correlation test showed there was no relationship between BMI and the incidence rate of dental caries because the p value was &gt; 0.05. Conclusion: There was no relationship between BMI with caries incidence rates in children aged 5-12 years at Dental Hospital in Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University.

Overweight is associated with better one-year survival in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-III database.

BackgroundThe relationship of body mass index (BMI) to short- and long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery remains controversial, and the dose-response relationship between BMI and mortality in patients receiving cardiac surgery is unclear. Furthermore, the influence of age, concomitant disease, and types of surgery on the prognostic role of BMI has yet to be determined.MethodsA retrospective cohort study with 6,473 adult patients receiving cardiac surgery was conducted using the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association of BMI with 1-year and in-hospital mortality. Restricted cubic regression splines were used to evaluate the effect of BMI as a continuous variable and to determine appropriate cut points. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, hypertension and types of surgery.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of patients differed between BMI categories. On multivariable analysis, overweight patients (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) had a lower 1-year mortality [hazard ratio (HR) =0.660, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.516–0.843, P=0.001] when compared with normal weight patients (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2). For patients with BMI <30 kg/m2, each 1 kg/m2 BMI increase was independently associated with a significant decrease in the 1-year mortality risk (HR =0.936, 95% CI: 0.899–0.975, P=0.002), while in patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, an increase in BMI did not increase the 1-year mortality risk (HR =1.032, 95% CI: 0.998–1.067, P=0.064). Subgroup analyses suggested the protective effect of overweight on post-cardiac surgery survival was confined to patients with advanced age (>60 years), hypertension and those undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).ConclusionsOverweight was associated with better 1-year survival in patients after cardiac surgery when compared to normal weight. The protective effect of overweight on post-cardiac surgery survival was confined to elderly patients (>60 years).

Relation of BMI and waist circumference with the risk of new-onset hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients.

We aimed to evaluate the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of new-onset hyperuricemia, and examine possible effect modifies in general hypertensive patients. A total of 10611 hypertensive patients with normal uric acid (UA) concentrations (<357μmol/l) at baseline were included from the UA sub-study of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial. The primary outcome was new-onset hyperuricemia, defined as a UA concentration ≥417μmol/l in men or ≥357μmol/l in women at the exit visit. During a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years, 1663 (15.7%) participants developed new-onset hyperuricemia. When analyzed separately, increased BMI (≥25kg/m2, quartile 3-4; OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.29-1.65), or increased WC (≥85cm for females, quartile 3-4; OR, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.08-1.42; and ≥84cm for males, quartile 3-4; OR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01-1.67) were each significantly associated with higher risk of new-onset hyperuricemia. When WC was forced into the model with BMI simultaneously, its significant association with new-onset hyperuricemia disappeared in females (<85 vs. ≥85cm; OR, 0.96, 95% CI: 0.81-1.13) or males (≥84 vs. <84cm; OR, 1.13; 95% CI: 0.84-1.52); however, BMI was still significantly related with new-onset hyperuricemia (≥25 vs. <25kg/m2; OR, 1.48; 95% CI: 1.27-1.73). Moreover, the positive BMI & new-onset hyperuricemia association was more pronounced in participants with higher time-averaged on-treatment systolic blood pressure (median: <138.3 vs. ≥138.3mmHg; P-interaction = 0.041). Higher BMI, but not WC, is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of new-onset hyperuricemia among hypertensive patients.

Prevalence of Hamstring Tightness in Young Orthopaedic Surgeons

Introduction: Hamstring is a group of muscles that form an important part of core muscles (lumbo-pelvic and hip complex) and their tightness may reduce the lumbar lordosis thereby potentially decreasing the absorption of force, affecting posture, range of motion of lower limbs and increasing the possibility of developing Low Back Pain (LBP). It was planned to test hamstring tightness in group of Orthopaedic Surgeons as this group has been shown to be prone to develop back pain. Aim: To find prevalence of hamstring tightness in young Orthopaedic Surgeons who do not suffer from back pain. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at a tertiary care centre. Eighty two Orthopaedic Surgeons, between ages 24-35 years, were enrolled in the study. The height and weight of the subjects were recorded using a standardised medical scale. Age and medical history were recorded using a questionnaire. Knee extension angle were measured by active knee extension test. Less than 20 degree was considered normal. A 21-30 degree was regarded as mild tightness, 31-40 degree as moderate tightness and &gt;40 degree as severe tightness. Results: Eleven surgeons (12.9%) did not have any hamstring tightness on either side. Rest all had some degree of hamstring tightness. There was no side predominance for hamstring tightness and both sides were equally involved (p=0.67). The mean tightness on right side was 30.83 degree and left side was 31.11 degree. Further, there was no relation of Body Mass Index (BMI) and hamstring tightness. Conclusion: Prevalence of hamstring tightness is very high among young Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Long-term trajectories and current BMI are associated with poorer cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults at high Alzheimer's disease risk.

IntroductionWe examined relationships of body mass index (BMI) with cognition in middle‐aged adults at Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk due to parental family history.MethodsParticipants are offspring of AD patients from the Israel Registry of Alzheimer's Prevention (N = 271). Linear regressions assessed associations of BMI and cognition, and whether associations differed by maternal/paternal history. Analyses of covariance examined associations of long‐term trajectories of BMI with cognition.ResultsHigher BMI was associated with worse language (P = .045). Interactions of BMI with parental history were significant for episodic memory (P = .023), language (p = .027), working memory (P = .006), global cognition (P = .008); associations were stronger among participants with maternal history. Interactions of BMI trajectories with parental history were significant for episodic memory (P = .017), language (P = .013), working memory (P = .001), global cognition (P = .005), with stronger associations for maternal history.DiscussionHigher BMI and overweight/obese trajectories were associated with poorer cognition in adults with maternal history of AD, but not those with paternal history.

Traumatic dental injuries in special health care needs children and association with obesity.

BACKGROUND: Special needs children are at a higher risk of dental trauma because of neurological, physical, mental, and behavioral impairments. They are also at higher risk of developing obesity due to the side effects of medication.OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and obesity in children with special health care needs.DESIGN: Analytical cross-sectional study.SETTING: Schools for special needs children.STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Special needs children with a diagnosis of TDI according to the Andreasen criteria were included in the study. Data on the disability status were obtained from a national demographic survey in 2016. Demographic and dental variables were measured for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse any relationship between TDI prevalence and obesity.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relationship of body mass index (BMI) to TDI prevalence.SAMPLE SIZE: 350 (131 boys and 219 girls) special needs children with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.0 (2.0) years.RESULTS: Eighty-one (23.1%) children presented with TDIs. The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the entire study population was 24.7 (7.8). Children with obesity had a 30.3% TDI prevalence compared normal-weight children (20.6%) (P=.035), but BMI category was not statistically significant in the regression analysis (P=.541), which showed that children with an overjet of >3 mm were 4.82 times (CI: 2.55–9.09, P=.001) more likely to have TDI than children with an overjet of ≤3 mm. Those with inadequate lip coverage were 2.85 times (CI: 1.49–5.44, P=.002) more likely to have TDI. Children with cerebral palsy were 3.18 times (CI: 1.89–11.32, P=.024) more likely to have TDI than children with other disabilities.CONCLUSION: The study showed a significant association between TDI prevalence and increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and cerebral palsy. The prevalence of TDI among obese special needs children was statistically significant according to bivariate analysis, but not in a multivariate analysis that adjusted for other variables.LIMITATIONS: Causal relationship cannot be established with cross-sectional study.CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Relation of body mass index and work posture to musculoskeletal disorders among fishermen

ObjectiveIn this study, we researched to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and work posture/position with the musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in fishermen. MethodThis type of research is analytic survey research with a cross-sectional study. There were 224 people as the population in this study with 56 samples as respondents. Nordic Body Map (NBM) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) were used as a questionnaire instrument. ResultsThe result of the Chi-square test shows that the BMI variable has a p-value of p=0.848 where the p-value is p>0.05. This means BMI has no significant relationship with MSD. Meanwhile, the work posture/position variable has a p-value of p=0.000 where the p-value is p<0.05, which means that there is a significant relationship with MSD. ConclusionsBMI was not associated with MSD. This is possible because fishermen who have normal and abnormal BMI both have complaints of MSD. Meanwhile, work posture/position has a significant relationship with complaints of MSD in fishermen. This is because the posture of fishermen when working with tools when doing research looks very risky.

Correlation of Body Mass Index, Mean Arterial Pressure with Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Healthy Individuals- A Descriptive Study

Introduction: Modern lifestyle has resulted in an increased prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases along with being overweight. An interaction between the three factors has also been demonstrated. Aim: The study aimed to assess the relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was done in the Department of Physiology, KGMU, Lucknow from 30 July 2019 to 30 July 2020. Forty healthy individuals, aged 18-35 years were assessed for height, weight, blood pressure and spirometric parameter of PEFR. PEFR was chosen as it was a reliable representative of airways functioning. PEFR reflects proximal airway calibre changes which might be due to effect of airway geometry. A correlation test was run to test the relation between BMI and PEFR and MAP and PEFR. Results: A weak correlation (r=-0.136) was noted between BMI and PEFR indicating that as BMI increased, PEFR compromised. A linear correlation was observed between MAP and PEFR. Conclusion: The present study confirms a weak association of BMI and MAP with PEFR.

Relation of Body Mass Index to Adverse Right Ventricular Mechanics

Although higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse left ventricular morphology and functional remodeling, its possible association with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction has not been extensively evaluated. RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVLS) is emerging as an important tool to detect early RV dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the independent effect of increased BMI on RVLS in a large sample of the general population without overt cardiac disease. We examined 1,085 participants (603 men, mean age 62 years) who voluntarily underwent an extensive cardiovascular health check-up. This included laboratory tests and speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess RVLS. The association between BMI and RVLS was determined by logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of abnormal RVLS (>-19.2%) was greatest in obese individuals (29.7%), followed by overweight (16.3%), and normal weight (10.6%, p <0.001). In multivariable analyses, BMI was significantly associated with abnormal RVLS (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.07 per 1 kg/m2, p = 0.033) independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, pertinent laboratory and echocardiographic parameters including RV size and pulmonary artery systolic pressure. In subgroup analyses, BMI was significantly associated with abnormal RVLS in men (adjusted OR 1.10 per 1 kg/m2, p = 0.032) and younger (<65 years) participants (adjusted OR 1.13 per 1 kg/m2, p = 0.011), but not in women and the elderly. In a sample of the general population, higher BMI was independently associated with subclinical RV dysfunction. Furthermore, an increased BMI may carry different risk for impaired RVLS depending on the age and sex.

Comparisons of various anthropometric indexes with localized Stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: The CHIEF oral health study.

A J-shaped relationship of body mass index (BMI) with severe periodontitis has been reported. However, it is unknown for other anthropometric indexes in young adults. A cross-sectional study examined the relationships in 325 military men and women, aged 20 to 45 years in Taiwan. Anthropometric indexes included BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The severity of localized periodontitis was defined as healthy (n=42), Stage I (initial) (n=228), and Stage II/III (moderate/severe) (n=55) according to the 2017 Periodontal Diseases Classification. Smooth curve fitting and multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, betel nut consumption, and smoking were used to determine the threshold effect between various anthropometric and the risk of localized Stage II/III periodontitis. In the spline smoothing plot, the turning points for BMI, WC, and WHtR were 26.1kg/m2 , 90.0cm, and 0.50, respectively, and a J-shaped relationship was found for BMI (the likelihood ratio test, P<0.001). In the multiple logistic regressions, BMI ≥27.0kg/m2 , WC ≥90.0cm and WHtR ≥0.50 were associated with higher risk of localized Stage II/III periodontitis than their counterparts (24.0 to 26.9kg/m2 for BMI) (odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals: 4.16 [1.39 to 12.49], 2.65 [1.01 to 7.11], and 2.95 [1.20 to 7.24], respectively; all P values<0.05). However, the risk for BMI<24.0kg/m2 was not significant (OR, 1.47 [0.47 to 4.54]). In young adults, obesity defined by various anthropometrics was consistently associated with localized Stage II/III periodontitis and a J-shaped association was suggestive for BMI.

Body Mass Index and Inguinal Hernia: An Observational Study Focusing on the Association of Inguinal Hernia With Body Mass Index.

ObjectiveAn inguinal hernia is a common condition associated with advanced age, male gender, smoking, connective tissue disorder, and factors responsible for increased intra-abdominal pressure. This study aimed to observe the relationship of body mass index with the development of inguinal hernia in males and females.MethodologyThis cross-sectional descriptive study using a non-probability convenient sampling technique was carried out at Al-Tibri medical college and hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 82 patients were selected: 78 males and four females. The ethical approval for the study was taken from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee. Inclusion criteria based on the patient age above 40 of either gender with complaints of pain in the groin region with clinical findings like swelling and tenderness. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, USA).ResultsThe mean age of 82 patients diagnosed with an inguinal hernia on a clinical basis was 47.41 ± 15.49 years. The mean height was 67.09 ± 3.95 inches. The mean weight was 63.5 ± 6.77 kg. The mean BMI was 22.07 ± 2.17 kg/m2. Seventy-eight (96.06%) were males, and four (5.9%) were females. Thirty-four (41.5%) patients were diagnosed with right inguinal hernia, 34 (41.5%) - with a left inguinal hernia, and 14 (17.1%) - with a bilateral inguinal hernia. BMI was normal in 68 (86.3%) and low in 14 (20.55%) patients. Our study indicated that patients with normal BMI were more likely to suffer from inguinal hernia than patients with low BMI.ConclusionThis study concluded that the normal body mass index was associated with a high occurrence of inguinal hernia among the genders. The normal body mass index in males exhibits more inguinal hernia chances than a low body mass index. It was observed that the frequency of unilateral right inguinal hernia is higher than bilateral. Similarly, males are more affected than females.