Long-term trajectories and current BMI are associated with poorer cognitive functioning in middle-aged adults at high Alzheimer's disease risk.

Abstract

IntroductionWe examined relationships of body mass index (BMI) with cognition in middle‐aged adults at Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk due to parental family history.MethodsParticipants are offspring of AD patients from the Israel Registry of Alzheimer's Prevention (N = 271). Linear regressions assessed associations of BMI and cognition, and whether associations differed by maternal/paternal history. Analyses of covariance examined associations of long‐term trajectories of BMI with cognition.ResultsHigher BMI was associated with worse language (P = .045). Interactions of BMI with parental history were significant for episodic memory (P = .023), language (p = .027), working memory (P = .006), global cognition (P = .008); associations were stronger among participants with maternal history. Interactions of BMI trajectories with parental history were significant for episodic memory (P = .017), language (P = .013), working memory (P = .001), global cognition (P = .005), with stronger associations for maternal history.DiscussionHigher BMI and overweight/obese trajectories were associated with poorer cognition in adults with maternal history of AD, but not those with paternal history.