Relationship In Brazil Research Articles

Abstract P4-07-58: Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy adherence in Breast Cancer patients and the Brazilian National Health System

Abstract Introduction: Breast Cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant disease in women and its first line neo- and/or adjuvant treatment on hormone positive (HR+) subtypes is the endocrine therapy. Even though Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (AET) had significantly increased overall survival in the long-run, some studies have reported suboptimal treatment adherence rates, varying from 40-95.7%. One possible cause for this great variability on AET adherence is the patients’ expenses on treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that as the cost of treatment increases the treatment adherence decreases. Nonetheless, as far as the authors have searched, no studies have tried to understand such relationship in Brazil, where medications can be taken without any out-of-pocket expenses through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), or through Health insurance companies; and through direct out-of-pocket expenses. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional pilot study, carried out with an online questionnaire applied to patients from the Centro de Tratamento Oncológico Pro Onco [Pro Onco Oncological Treatment Center] and Centro de Apoio ao Paciente com Câncer de Londrina [Londrina Cancer Support Center] (State of Paraná, Brazil). The questionnaire applied in this study included objective questions that aimed to understand the systemic endocrine therapy adherence among Breast Cancer patients. In order to do that, the Morisky-Green (MG) test was used. A linear regression model was built using the MG test as dependent variable, and how the patients obtained the drugs as independent variable, controlled by other sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results: Between December 2021 and March 2022, 95 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 50.71 (SD = 10.00) and mean age at diagnosis was 45.86 (SD = 8.66). Patients obtained the drugs mainly via Health Insurance (45 patients or 47.37%), followed by the SUS (44 patients or 46.32%) and private health expenses (6 patients or 6.32%). It was found that how the patient obtained the medication was statistically significant in predicting adherence. Patients that obtained the medication via the SUS had poorer adherence compared to those that obtained the medication via Health Insurance (coeff.=-0.38 [-0.68;-0.09]; p-value = 0.010) and via Private Health Expenses (coeff.=-0.81 [-1.42;-0.21]; p-value = 0.008). It was also found that considering all three main options available to obtain the medication, 30 patients (68.18%) that obtained the medication via the SUS had already forgotten to take the medication once; whereas only 18 patients (40%) that obtained the medication via Health Insurance had done (Chi-Square = 7.1116; p-value = 0.008). Besides that, it was found that only 22 patients (50%) that obtained the medication via the SUS knew the type of cancer they had. Considering only patients that obtained the medication via Health Insurance, 35 patients (77.78%) knew the type of cancer they had (Chi-Square = 7.4546; p-value = 0.006). Conclusion: The results of this study do not match the literature on the topic, and it could be explained by a poorer doctor-patient relationship at SUS as non-clarification on the importance of adjuvant treatment can be related to a poorer adherence. Citation Format: ANA CRISTINA HERRERA, Caio C. Kasai, Eduarda T. Gonçalves, Liemi A. Homa, Carlos Eduardo E. de Oliveira. Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy adherence in Breast Cancer patients and the Brazilian National Health System [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-58.

Individual and Relational Factors Associated to the Childbearing Intentions of Brazilian Women and Men

Currently, individuals are increasingly considering parenthood as a matter of choice. This explanatory and cross-sectional study evaluated the contribution of the individual (age, gender, education, employment status, personality) and relational (family income, dyadic adjustment, marital satisfaction, empathy, adaptability, and cohesion) factors in the childbearing intentions, among 165 women and 111 men in a heterosexual relationship in Brazil. They completed self-report questionnaires, examined through chi-square test, ANOVA, and binary logistic regression. Women were more likely to choose to remain childless when compared to men, as well as those who were older, had higher education or lower monthly income, and those with higher scores on autonomy, aggression, and relationship emotional satisfaction. The desire for personal realization and keeping autonomy is evident, especially in women.

Short-term association between ambient air pollution and cardio-respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between ambient air pollution and mortality. However, relatively few studies have investigated this relationship in Brazil using individual-level data. To estimate the short-term association between exposure to particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) and ozone (O3), and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2012 and 2017. We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design with individual-level mortality data. Our sample included 76,798 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 36,071 deaths from respiratory diseases. Individual exposure to air pollutants was estimated by the inverse distance weighting method. We used data from seven monitoring stations for PM10 (24-hour mean), eight stations for O3 (8-hour max), 13 stations for air temperature (24-hour mean), and 12 humidity stations (24-hour mean). We estimated the mortality effects of PM10 and O3 over a 3-day lag using conditional logistic regression models combined with distributed lag non-linear models. The models were adjusted for daily mean temperature and daily mean absolute humidity. Effect estimates were presented as odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase in each pollutant exposure. No consistent associations were observed for both pollutant and mortality outcome. The cumulative OR of PM10 exposure was 1.01 (95% CI 0.99-1.02) for respiratory mortality and 1.00 (95% CI 0.99-1.01) for cardiovascular mortality. For O3 exposure, we also found no evidence of increased mortality for cardiovascular (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01) or respiratory diseases (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00). Our findings were similar across age and gender subgroups, and different model specifications. We found no consistent associations between the PM10 and O3 concentrations observed in our study and cardio-respiratory mortality. Future studies need to explore more refined exposure assessment methods to improve health risk estimates and the planning and evaluation of public health and environmental policies.

Personal beliefs and social norms regarding the sexual exploitation of girls in age-disparate transactional sexual relationships in Brazil: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundIn the global debate around transactional sex little attention has concentrated on Brazil, despite ranking fourth globally in absolute number of girls married or co-habiting by the age of 15 years, and evidence showing that these unions often begin as age-disparate transactional sex (ADTS). This article contributes to filling this gap by exploring the personal beliefs and social norms related to ADTS in urban (favela) communities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil between adult men (> 18 years) and girls and adolescents (G/A) (< 18 years) with a minimum 5-year age disparity. The primary objective of this study was to identify the social norms that promote and prevent ADTS, and the dynamics between individual beliefs and social norms, to provide contextualized recommendations to prevent ADTS in this setting.MethodsAn exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods design was used, starting with a qualitative phase that included semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus groups, and a subsequent quantitative phase comprising of a community survey. The items for the quantitative questionnaires were developed based on the qualitative results. ResultsMixed methods results indicate that in these communities ADTS is normalised and not considered exploitative. We identified three themes related to the reasons ADTS occurs: girls’ responsibility, male desires and benefits of ADTS. Men’s role in ADTS was largely minimised because of a general acceptance of a notion of masculinity characterised by hypersexuality and lack of impulse control. Individual beliefs, however, did not tend to align with these social norms. ConclusionsIn this study, personal beliefs and social norms often did not align, suggesting that initiatives working to change personal or attitudes regarding ADTS may not lead to meaningful change in ADTS behaviours, and social norms interventions may be more effective. Our findings reinforce the need to develop programs tailored to local understandings of ADTS, targeting not only girls but also a wide range of actors. Interventions could also consider the structural factors acting in local and global contexts that promote or prevent ADTS.

Dilemas éticos de pediatras ao administrar sedação paliativa em crianças no Brasil

Abstract This study aims to analyze the use of pediatric palliative sedation and understand how it is connected to medical training and the doctor-patient relationship in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional exploratory study using an online survey targeted at pediatricians working in Brazil to evaluate concepts of palliative sedation and aggressive symptom management. The lack of specific training, protocols, and institutionalized guidelines can create uncertainties in palliative care. This also contributes to the increased end-of-life suffering those children and their families face. Improving education in pediatric palliative care is an urgent and pressing need in Brazil.

First occurrences of the host/parasitoid relationship in Brazil and Peru: Bibliographic summary

It is common for parasitoidism to modify the behavior of the host species, facilitating the development and propagation of the parasitoid and establishing a highly specific relationship. In this case, herbivores such as cattle, sheep, deer, and rabbits are the definitive host of the parasitoid. The objective of this review is to describe the first occurrence of the host/parasitoid relationship in Brazil and Peru. The mini review consists of a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera parasitoids collected in Brazil and Peru. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the Superfamily, Family, Subfamilies, Genera, and Species (taxonomic groups). A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 2000 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from July to September 2021, using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Since the relationship between parasitoids and their hosts is very specific, it is common for agricultural pests to be naturally controlled through parasitoidism. Wasps of the Ichneumonoidea and Braconidae family respectively parasitize caterpillars of butterflies and moths, and even aphids.

Impact of postmenopausal vaginal discomfort on sex and relationships in Brazil: the CLOSER survey

Objective The CLOSER (CLarifying Vaginal Atrophy’s Impact On SEx and Relationships) survey investigated how postmenopausal vaginal atrophy (VA) affects relationships between Brazilian women and male partners. Methods Postmenopausal women (age 55–65 years) with VA, and male partners of women with the condition, completed an online survey on the impact of VA and local estrogen treatment on intimacy and relationships. Results A total of 360 women and 352 men from Brazil were included. Women (83%) and men (91%) reported that they were comfortable discussing VA with their partners. Women’s key source of information on VA was health-care providers (HCPs), but 44% felt that not enough information is available. VA caused 70% of women to avoid sexual intimacy and resulted in less satisfying sex. VA had a negative impact on women’s feelings and self-esteem. Women (76%) and men (70%) both reported that treatment with vaginal estrogen improved their sexual relationship, primarily by alleviating women’s pain during sex. Women (56%) and men (59%) felt closer to each other after treatment. Conclusions VA had a negative impact on sexual relationships for both women and men in Brazil, and reduced women’s self-confidence. Vaginal hormone therapy improved couples’ sexual relationships. A proactive attitude of HCPs is essential to educate women on VA and the potential benefits of treatment.

Impact of stock market, renewable energy consumption and urbanization on environmental degradation: new evidence from BRICS countries.

This study examines links between Morgan and Stanley capital Investment (MSCI), foreign direct investment (FDI), renewable energy, urbanization, and trade openness on environmental degradation in (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) BRICS countries. In this study, generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation is applied on a data set ranging from 1993 to 2018. Results illustrate that stock market index price (MSCI) has negative relationship on CO2 emissions in India, China, Russia, and South Africa and has positive relationship in Brazil. One possible reason for this is strong environmental regulations and their enforcement by Brazilian government. The study also finds that trade openness, FDI, and urbanization have a significant positive relationship on environmental degradation. The impact of stock market development on environmental degradation varies among BRICS countries. Our outcomes have significant policy implications. For example, the policy makers have to initiate effective strategies to promote the renewable energy sources to meet the increasing demand for energy by replacing the use of conventional energy such as coal, gas, and oil. This will help to reduce the CO2 emissions from fossil fuel and ensure sustainable stock market development in the BRICS nations. BRICS countries who have taken the initiative and formulated policies for businesses to conserve the environment play a positive role compared to those who do not.

REFLEXOS DO MACHISMO ESTRUTURAL BRASILEIRO EM TEMPOS DE COVID 19: quando o distanciamento social é tão letal quanto o vírus

O presente artigo se trata de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, através da metodologia exploratória, que ergueu seu referencial teórico na busca por levantamento de dados em tempos de pandemia, no qual o número de denúncias feitas em relação a violência doméstica aumentou 34% entre março e abril deste ano em comparação ao mesmo período do ano anterior, conforme dados recentes que serão discutidos nessa produção. Esse aumento exponencial de casos de agressões e feminicidios reafirmam a preponderância de relacionamentos abusivos no Brasil e o quanto a cultura do silêncio das vítimas de violência ainda é latente e estruturalmente construído. Desde a falas como “em briga de marido e mulher ninguém mete a colher até “apanha porque gosta fica porque quer”. Nesse cenário pandêmico, em que o distanciamento social é a orientação precípua da OMS, o silêncio dessas mulheres e o consequente afastamento de amigos e parentes próximos torna-se efetivamente os maiores cúmplices da violência de gênero.

Os Programas Brasileiros de Compliance Tributário sob a Perspectiva da Isonomia enquanto Direito Fundamental

This research adresses the contextualization of fundamental rights and the paradigm shift about the interpretation of the limitations on power to tax provided in the Constitution, which are now also understood as taxpayer’s fundamental rights against the fiscal State. Based on this theoretical basis, the need for transparency, trust and dialogue in the tax administration-taxpayer relationship in Brazil is approached, especially with the current tax compliance programs instituted by the Brazilian Federal Revenue Office and the State of Sao Paulo, focused in tax equality as a taxpayer’s fundamental right.

Gio Ponti’s Latin [American] Encounters: A Reading from the Archives

Abstract The design languages and forms of knowledge used by architects and other designers indicate that they not only operate ‘within the same domains of knowledge and action’, but also share similar historical contexts. Latin American modern architecture and design histories constitute an account of cultural exchanges between architectural and design practitioners working on a trans-national and multidisciplinary basis. Reviewing these practices today may help break the tendency of historical accounts to focus on a ‘diffusionist model’ and reinforce the critical acknowledgement of the modern legacy in Latin America. The work of architect and designer Gio Ponti is an example of this. During the 1950s Ponti travelled to many countries and built one of his masterpieces, Villa Planchart, in Caracas. Although much has been published about Ponti’s Venezuelan project, his letters reveal other lesser known but significant encounters with Latin American culture. Using his Domus editorials and readings from his correspondence as guidelines, complemented by articles, seminal books, and projects, this article will explore, from a more plural point of view, how Ponti’s experiences and relationships developed in Latin America, especially those lesser known relationships in Brazil, helped shape some of his design processes and conceptualizations.

Relationship between quality in accounting information and organizational characteristics of the third sector entities

Abstract This study intends to evaluate the relationship between the quality in accounting information and the organizational characteristics of Third Sector entities. The methodology is designed to follow a descriptive, documental and quantitative approach. The universe of the study is composed of Third Sector organizations, formally constituted in the Brazilian scenario. The target population has included organizations with OSCIP and UPF specifications. The 18,553 entities, which existed during the study, were investigated. The research used a probabilistic sample of 392 entities. The results indicate a predominance of the institutions established under the legal form of association. As for the size, the foundations are the larger ones. Regarding the quality of accounting information, we have identified a lower reported information quality index, when compared to the second sector. Finally, the results showed that the organizational characteristics of size, creation time and qualification as OSCIP have significant and positive influence on the quality of accounting information of the entities that we analyzed. This led to the conclusion that the non-profit organizations and regulatory organs need to make improvements regarding the accounting information reporting process, as well as the awareness of the importance of these reports for the decision-making process and public accountability. This study contributes to the discussion about the characteristics of the third sector organizations that relate with the quality of the accounting information reported by these institutions in the Brazilian scenario. It is the first study that analyzed this relationship in Brazil.

Paths for improving non-profit impact on society: lessons from government–non-profit relationships in Brazil

ABSTRACTHow can non-profit organisations achieve their intended impact on society? This article analyses factors that influence non-profit action in two key situations: when these organisations work autonomously from the government, and when they work in collaboration with the government. Based on interviews with experienced non-profit leaders in Brazil, the article presents typical paths for success and common reasons for failure in achieving non-profits’ intended outcomes. Organisational, relational and contextual factors influence non-profit action, leading to different outcomes. Brazilian non-profits provide lessons for non-profit action in developing countries contexts that experience cycles of political and economic instability.

Cordiality and intimacy in contemporary Brazilian culture: introduction

ABSTRACTThis article serves as an introduction to a special issue on intimacy and cordiality in contemporary Brazilian cultural production. It traces these purported “national traits” back to their exploration in Gilberto Freyre’s renowned Casa-grande & senzala (1933) and Sérgio Buarque de Holanda’s Raízes do Brasil (1936). While Freyre emphasises the formative influence of the close ties between Afro-Brazilian wet-nurses and landowning families in the colonial era, Holanda’s schematisation of the “cordial man” focuses on the sinister consequences of the Brazilian drive towards intimacy. The articles enclosed are informed by Holanda’s suggestion that the country’s colonial heritage and patriarchal culture has complicated the institution of a clear distinction between the private (familial) and public realms. The recent wave of Brazilian cinema and TV series that focuses on the figure of the maid evocatively foregrounds the continuing primacy of intimate relationships in Brazil, including in films by Anna Muylaert and Kleber Mendonça Filho, which are analysed in this issue. The link between cordiality and cruelty is also explored to provide a context for articles that reflect on the frailties of Brazilian state apparatuses, which have led to social breakdown, and even to the use of coercion or torture.

Relação família-escola: o estado da arte na pós-graduação brasileira

A temática da relação família-escola vem ocupando maior espaço na produção científica no Brasil. Neste artigo, analisamos resumos de teses e dissertações brasileiras sobre essa relação produzidas no período 2004-2013 e reconstituímos a história dessa relação com autores como Cunha (2003) e Faria Filho (2000). O estudo, qualitativo, é do tipo Estado da Arte. Foram consultados os bancos de dados do Grupo Observatório Sociológico Família-Escola da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Família e Sociedade Contemporânea da Universidade Católica de Salvador; e de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Os resumos localizados (112) foram mapeados em relação a objetivos, referenciais teóricos, opções metodológicas e resultados. Para análise, utilizamos a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Categorial Temática, resultando na construção de três categorias: Relação família-escola e estratégias educativas familiares; Relação família-escola e fenômenos socio-escolares e Relação família-escola: fenômenos e/ou aspectos dessa relação. Em relação aos referenciais teóricos, menos da metade dos resumos os menciona; quanto a percurso metodológico e resultados das pesquisas, muitas informações também estavam ausentes; em relação resultados, algumas pesquisas indicam certa resistência de professores a configurações familiares diferentes da tradicional e para a influência dessa resistência na relação com a família e/ou o trabalho docente, e outras desconstroem a ideia generalizada de que as famílias de alunos de escola pública são desestruturadas. Apontamos para a necessidade de outras pesquisas sobre a temática, pois há ainda vários aspectos a aprofundar, e para a importância de os resumos serem mais completos.

Public Library and Community in Brazil: Perspectives, Policies, and Opinions of Intellectuals and Researchers

This article focuses on public library–community relationships in Brazil. Initially, we take into account the international information science literature highlighting the contemporary relevance of public library–community relations. We also consider aspects of the Brazilian historical and political experience and previous research indicating that public libraries in the country have not been valued by public policies and that, although present in more than 5,000 municipalities, these institutions tend to remain invisible to their communities. The main empirical contribution of our article lies in the analysis of interviews collected from Brazilian intellectuals and researchers who hold or have held prominent positions in institutions that define policies or carry out research on Brazilian public libraries. These interviews reveal a strong consciousness of the need to strengthen library–community relations, suggesting several actions, both from the library to the community and from the community to the library.

East-West/North-South – or Imperial-Subimperial? The BRICS, Global Governance and Capital Accumulation

Two leading critics of imperialism — John Smith and David Harvey — have engaged in a bitter dispute over how to interpret geographically-shifting processes of super-exploitation and power. Missing, though, is consideration of ‘subimperialism,’ a category drawn from Ruy Mauro Marini's 1960s-70s dependency theory, with its focus on Brazil's relationship with the West: a fusion of imperial and semi-peripheral agendas of power and accumulation with internal processes of super-exploitation. The risk is that by splitting hairs on geographically-generalized categories, Smith and Harvey obscure crucial features of their joint wrath, which is the unjust accumulation processes and geopolitics that enrich the wealthy and despoil the world environment. The concept of subimperialism can resolve some of the Smith-Harvey disputes, but only if read through Marini and Harvey in a more generous way than does Smith. One of the best examples of the phenomenon is the Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS) bloc, which for a decade from 2009–18 has increasingly asserted an ‘alternative’ strategy to key features of Western imperialism, while in reality fitting tightly within it. This fit works through amplified neoliberal multilateralism serving both the BRICS and the West, the regional displacement of overaccumulated capital, financialization, and persistent super-exploitative social relations: the spatio-temporal fixes and accumulation by dispossession that amplify global crisis tendencies.

Visceral Leishmaniasis hospitalizations and seasonality in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeast Brazil between 2003 – 2012

Introduction: The knowledge of the relationship between Visceral Leishmaniosis and climatic aspects is already well established in the literature of other countries, but lack data of this relationship in Brazil. Objective: This study aimed to describe the seasonal distribution of hospitalizations for Visceral Leishmaniosis (VL) in a referral hospital for infectious diseases located in an endemic area of the semiarid in the Northeast of Brazil. Methods: The number of monthly hospitalizations between 2003 and 2012 was recorded retrospectively and was correlated with climate variables. Results: During this period 1,302 patients were hospitalized. We observed an inverse relationship with the monthly amount of precipitation (r = - 0.725; p = 0.008), the number of days per month with precipitation (r = - 0.683; p = 0.0144) and relative humidity (r = - 0.746; p = 0.005) when compared with the monthly number of hospitalizations due to VL. Inversely, there was a direct relationship with the maximum monthly mean temperature and the number of hospitalizations due to VL (r = 0.643; p = 0.024). Conclusions: The rainy season, characterized by more rainfall and higher humidity, was correlated with fewer hospitalizations for VL. Conversely, in months with higher temperatures the number of hospitalizations for VL was higher.

The U.S.–Brazil relationship opportunity: Business synergies for a dynamic global environment

The U.S.–Brazil relationship features an intersection of public and private sectors characteristic of the post‐2000 dynamics of international business and governmental relations. As a triple helix reference for the private sector, the public sector, and academia, this article explores how further alignment of public and private interests of the United States and Brazil can improve the bilateral relationship between the two largest countries in the Western hemisphere. The first section recaps the U.S.–Brazil public relationship and cultural perspectives shared between Brazil and the United States. The second section reviews the relevance of the U.S.–Brazil relationship in Brazil's economy and business marketplace. Sections 3 through 5 discuss specific trade, investment, and tax agreements that can be mutually beneficial for the United States and Brazil. The final section recommends further areas for public–private cooperation between the United States and Brazil.

(Des)Conexões Estado-Sociedade no Brasil: Um Estudo Sobre a Experiência de Construção de Cisternas no Semiárido

Renovar a relação Estado-Sociedade, no Brasil, tem sido assunto em pauta nas últimas décadas. Nesse debate, inserem-se perspectivas teóricas como a Governança Pública e a Gestão Social, com suas devidas particularidades e algumas convergências. Simultaneamente, experiências consideráveis têm sido empreendidas, no país, através de formas colaborativas de gestão entre agências públicas e outros atores sociais. Abordando uma experiência dessa natureza, no âmbito da política de segurança hídrica no Semiárido brasileiro, este trabalho utilizou um design de pesquisa qualitativa. Foram empregados dados documentais e entrevistas, produzindo as narrativas para a análise realizada. Como resultado, procura-se evidenciar e discutir formas renovadas de gestão, forjadas na experiência acessada, destacando o provimento de soluções coletivas mediante papel ativo de famílias e organizações locais. Assinala-se, porém, a permanência de restrições, como a tendência de, frente às múltiplas lógicas de ação, contornar problemas decorrentes por mecanismos que inibem maior engajamento cívico.