Ownership Relations Research Articles

A Snapshot of the Ownership Network of the Budapest Stock Exchange

In this study, I use the toolkit of network research to explore the network of ownership relations of entities present on the Budapest Stock Exchange as issuers in 2020, applying static methods and exponential random graph modelling (ERGM) analysis. In the snapshot typology and simulation-based capture of the network, not only the network of relations between issuers present on the stock market is analysed, but also the ownership relations of companies connected to the network but not listed on the stock market; thus, the study addresses the ownership network associated with the stock exchange as a whole. The research results provide us with an accurate answer about the morphological characteristics of the network, the network factors determining centrality, the hierarchy of the network, and the evolution of the network with the help of simulations. The study may allow us to obtain a clearer picture of the interlinkages and clusters of companies listed on the stock market, which can be used as a basis for subsequent longitudinal analyses.

Bács-Kiskun megye térszerkezete és a telekárak (Területi különbségek a társadalom értékítéletében)

Expanding the investigations related to land price analysis, this study demonstrates the territorial aspects of the issue through the example of Bács-Kiskun county enriching the methodology of spatial structure researches. The applied correlation analysis confirmed our assumption that scarcely more than a decade after the change of ownership relations, great differences can be detected among land prices, which reflect the main features of the county’s spatial structure. The land price map of Bács-Kiskun County demonstrates the main features of the spatial structrure and the characteristics of the centre-periphery relationships at municipal level. High land prices are typical in the areas which are rich in innovations and can be characterized with denser texture. Getting farther from them, the land prices become lower. Their temporal changes are also consistent with the interactions taking place in the spatial structure.

Ownership transformation in East-Central Europe in the pre EU-accession period. Inter-firm ties and control functions: The case of Poland.

The Article focuses on the first period of political and socio-economic transformation in Poland (1989-2004) and describes the change in capital ownership links during the transition from a centrally planned to a free market economy. It constitutes an important research issue in the context of understanding the economic transformation in East-Central Europe, in particular the mechanisms of flow of foreign capital into certain areas in space. The processes have brought about a new organization of linkages between these realms, especially between large metropolitan areas. The spatial pattern of capital ownership links of large enterprises in Poland (1242 firms) is analyzed against the hierarchical structure of the national urban system. It is shown that in the process of inflow of foreign investments, the city of Warsaw has assumed a nodal position in the network of transnational and inward capital linkages, Spatial inter-firm ownership relations, as documented in the study are discussed and generalized in the form of a two-layer core-periphery model. The empirical results demonstrate how the foreign investments have contributed to the metropolization phenomena by fostering the position of the capital city as well as of other large urban centres.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM MODEL OF THE CORPORATE ENTERPRISE ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The article describes organizational and methodological components of using strategic management within a framework of corporate governance and development. The authors have formed a range of methodological provisions, regarding the choice of a marketing strategy by the corporate enterprise. They identified the main recourse flows within the framework of the used strategies. They also determined the strategic management components, required for providing efficiency of the corporations’ physical resources formation and use. They developed a graphical model for the determination of the corporation’s strategic position on the market. It was proved that a functional strategy involves a close correlation between the management and incorporated ownership relations, manifesting itself in a strategy in the field of finance of the corporation, ensuring corporation industrial stability, effective use of physical resources, the formation of the cash resources funds in the established amount, real property management and caretaking control, etc. The authors offered a methodology for conducting a strategic evaluation of the corporation in the basic market conditions.

Structural and financial risks of land capitalization: lessons of domestic history

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between expected results and real institutional, structural, and financial consequences of agrarian reforms aimed at the capitalization of land. The purpose of the publication is to summarize the positive and negative experience of the peasant reform of 1861 on changes in the relations of ownership and land use in the budgetary and financial sphere and foreign economic activity. Research is based on the history-institutional methodology using tools of economic comparability, retrospective analysis, and historical reconstruction. It is defined that the opening of the land market and the creation of a system of mortgage land loans allowed to increase the share of private land ownership of peasants, but did not turn them into effective owners and did not solve the problem of peasant land. Rising land prices contributed to the development of land speculation and increased rents, encouraging the farmers to predatory land use and depletion of soils without increasing productivity. The capitalization of land and the expansion of the hired labor market contributed to economic growth, increased government revenues and expenditures, and overcame the chronic state budget deficit. At the same time, the credit indebtedness of peasants grew, while ransom payments depleted peasant farms, reducing the potential for capital formation and investment. The public policy of forcing grain exports and supporting large agribusiness allowed to replenish the gold reserves of the treasury, but also led to the impoverishment of farmers, reduced quality of the exported grain, increased share of fodder crops, and lower share of food crops and finished goods. Intensified international competition to expand the supply of cheap grain led to lower prices, weaker competitive position of domestic exporters, and the growing dependence of the economy on world markets for agricultural products, and the local agrarian business - on foreign capital. The article provides recommendations to the government about taking into account the historical experience in the implementation of modern agrarian transformations, in particular, comprehensive support for farming as the main link of agricultural production and the guarantor of food security of the country. Their implementation will help prevent the risks of over-concentration of land, the proletarianization of the peasantry and its mass migration to cities and abroad, growing environmental problems, and vulnerability of the economy due to increasing dependence on the world markets for agricultural raw materials.

About the history of conflicts over urban forestry in Estonian towns

Abstract The article explores conflicts related to forests and parks of Estonian towns from the Middle Ages to the 1940s. A brief overview is first given of the development of urban forestry in Estonia. There are also cases where the loss of urban forests and the related problems that arose could have led to conflicts, but for certain reasons they did not emerge. The main focus of the research is on Tallinn and its nearby island of Naissaare and, to a lesser extent, on the town of Haapsalu. The cases with the probability of conflict are described on the example of Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu. It is apparent that conflicts or preconditions for their emergence were caused by various reasons, both at the state and town level where local authorities and ownership relations played their role. But the causes of the conflicts can also be traced to the wider clash between military and political causes, economic development and the general public.

Структурні та фінансові ризики капіталізації землі: уроки вітчизняної історії

The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between expected results and real institutional, structural, and financial consequences of agrarian reforms aimed at the capitalization of land. The purpose of the publication is to summarize the positive and negative experience of the peasant reform of 1861 on changes in the relations of ownership and land use in the budgetary and financial sphere and foreign economic activity. Research is based on the history-institutional methodology using tools of economic comparability, retrospective analysis, and historical reconstruction. It is defined that the opening of the land market and the creation of a system of mortgage land loans allowed to increase the share of private land ownership of peasants, but did not turn them into effective owners and did not solve the problem of peasant land. Rising land prices contributed to the development of land speculation and increased rents, encouraging the farmers to predatory land use and depletion of soils without increasing productivity. The capitalization of land and the expansion of the hired labor market contributed to economic growth, increased government revenues and expenditures, and overcame the chronic state budget deficit. At the same time, the credit indebtedness of peasants grew, while ransom payments depleted peasant farms, reducing the potential for capital formation and investment. The public policy of forcing grain exports and supporting large agribusiness allowed to replenish the gold reserves of the treasury, but also led to the impoverishment of farmers, reduced quality of the exported grain, increased share of fodder crops, and lower share of food crops and finished goods. Intensified international competition to expand the supply of cheap grain led to lower prices, weaker competitive position of domestic exporters, and the growing dependence of the economy on world markets for agricultural products, and the local agrarian business - on foreign capital. The article provides recommendations to the government about taking into account the historical experience in the implementation of modern agrarian transformations, in particular, comprehensive support for farming as the main link of agricultural production and the guarantor of food security of the country. Their implementation will help prevent the risks of over-concentration of land, the proletarianization of the peasantry and its mass migration to cities and abroad, growing environmental problems, and vulnerability of the economy due to increasing dependence on the world markets for agricultural raw materials.

La tv del centro de la periferia. Casos Córdoba y Rosario

El presente artículo presenta y analiza las características estructurales de la organización del sistema televisivo en tres de las principales ciudades argentinas, en particular en Córdoba y Rosario, a partir de las relaciones de propiedad, asociación y provisión de programación desde los canales cabecera situados en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA). Cuatro de los canales que emiten en Córdoba y Rosario son comerciales y privados, mientras que hay uno de tipo estatal universitario, que pertenece a la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. El análisis comprende la situación de la tv de conglomerados urbanos de gran importancia, como Córdoba y Rosario, tomando en cuenta las tendencias históricas inherentes al sistema de medios de la Argentina, la vinculación societaria de las emisoras de las ciudades mencionadas, los ingresos por publicidad oficial y las capacidades productivas instaladas.

Larangan Kepemilikan Tanah Pertanian Secara Absentee Dan Pertanggung Jawaban Hukum Badan Pertanahan Di Kabupaten Tulungagung

Reforms have been carried out by the government through many land reform programs that regulate land ownership and legal relations between owners and land objects, so that a prosperous and productive society is created to advance the national economy and food security. One of them is the prohibition of agricultural land ownership regulated in article 10 paragraph (1) of the Basic Agrarian Law. It is expected that the owners of agricultural land will work on their own land so that productivity will be maximized, the community will be taught to work and be productive regularly and routinely. But in reality in the field in Jabalsari village Sumbergempol subdistrict Tulungagung regency there are still many people who control agricultural land absentee and interpreted the rules of ownership of agricultural land absentee not yet effective, so this research aims to find out the causes of absentee ownership of agricultural land and how a large role Tulungagung Regency National Land Agency in terms of absentee ownership of agricultural land. This research is carried out using the Empirical Juridical method namely how the law is implemented in social life. The results of research conducted in Jabalsari village Sumbergempol Sub-district Tulungagung District showed that absentee land ownership in Tulungagung District occurred due to many factors namely: community awareness factors, cultural factors, legal factors, law enforcement factors in the area, facility and infrastructure factors as well as quite a lot It was found that economic factors, and the responsibility of the National Land Agency of Tulungagung Regency still reached the supervision of certified land and improved administration of agricultural land data, this was done so that in the future it would run and orderly administration of the problem of absentee ownership of agricultural land.

Problem of Land Rent in the Context of Sustainable Development of Agrarian Economy

The purpose of the study is to justify the need to improve the relations of land ownership and land use in the conditions of the modern Russian market economy in the context of the existing large monopoly of private land ownership. The thesis of land monopoly as a key factor of instability in the development of agriculture and the turbulence of socio-economic relations in the field of agricultural production is substantiated. In connection with the transition of the Russian economy to market principles, the study reveals the need to change the theoretical, methodological, organizational and practical approaches to solving the problem of land rent and examines the experience of agricultural and economic science in the study of the problem of land rent in a capitalist and socialist economy. The research methodology includes the use of dialectical, structural-functional, program-targeted, historical-retrospective and hermeneutical methods of studying the problem posed. The subject of study is the process of formation and distribution of land (natural) rent in Russian agriculture. The object of research is Russian agriculture and the emerging socio-economic relations. The novelty of the study is as follows: the provision on the interdependence of the scale of land monopoly and the existence of absolute land rent is argued; the nature of the transformation of absolute land rent in the form of natural rent in the conditions of modern large private land ownership is revealed; the relationship between the formation and distribution of land rent and the concept of sustainable development of agriculture is revealed. Recommendations are formulated in the field of making the necessary adjustments to the current Russian agrarian legislation, in particular, to clarify the text of the federal law of the Russian Federation «On Subsoil» and the effective distribution of land rent for the needs of expanded agricultural reproduction and ensuring its sustainable development.

Основні положення реалізації державної екологічної політики в умовах глобалізації

It is noted that the environmental legal order is a system of legal methods of implementing state environmental policy ed by legislation in the field of regulation of environmental relations, where the subject of regulation is the relations of ownership of natural resources, the use of natural resources, relations that arise regarding the protection of the environment from pollution, depletion and destruction, as well as relations to protect environmental rights and legitimate interests of physical and legal persons. The state environmental legal policy is aimed at creating a regulatory framework that allows you to regulate the environmental processes in the society in the interests of the individual, society and the state, ensuring sustainable development.It is proved that the basis for the implementation of state environmental policy is the totality of constitutional rights and freedoms that determine: the use and protection of natural resources as the basis of life and activity of the population; possession of natural resources, does not harm the environment; encouraging activities that contribute to environmental and sanitary-epidemiological protection of the population; ensuring the right of everyone to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and compensation for damage caused to health or property by an environmental offense; everyone's duty to preserve nature and the environment, take care of natural resources.It is determined that the principles of state environmental policy in the context of globalization should be improved through the implementation of the following measures: the introduction of resource-, energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies in all areas of management, including industry, agriculture, energy, transport and utilities; the formation of powerful economic structures to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of programs for the transition of regions to sustainable development; the application of the regional principle of environmental protection and management of the use of natural resources.

Education and Ignorance: Between the Noun of Knowledge and the Verb of Thinking

In this paper we look at the relations between knowledge and thinking through the lens of ignorance. In relation to knowledge, ignorance becomes its “constitutive outside,” and as such it may be politically organised in order to delimit the borders of the right to knowledge [the “ignorance economy,” see Roberts and Armitage (Prometheus 26 (4): 335–354, 2008)]. In this light, the notion of a knowledge-based society should be understood as a society structured along the lines of knowledge distribution: the rights of possession of and access to knowledge demand that ignorance is planned and executed as the condition of their establishment. In relation to thinking, ignorance appears differently. According to Rancière, the teacher's ignorance conditions the student's appearance as Anthropos, a being who can be asked: what do you think about it? Hence, we are dealing with the ambiguity of ignorance which seems to be both the criterion of social exclusion, and the condition of emancipation. Following this thread with reference to Heidegger's discourse on thinking, we would like to explore the possibility of comprehending knowledge and education beyond the relations of ownership and demands of productivity. Following Rancière, we may say that thinking—as displacing the notion of ignorance—stands in the position of “politics” and questions the ways knowledge societies are structured as “police orders” along the lines of knowledge possession and exclusion.

Land-Use Rights for Agricultural Land in Ukraine

The article deals with the rights to agricultural land under the conditions of the moratorium on the alienation of agricultural land in Ukraine. Currently land lease is the most widespread land-use right in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to investigate the features and prospects of the functioning of the land market in Ukraine and to increase investor interest in it. The dialectical method made it possible to consider the development of land-use rights in Ukraine, to formulate proposals for improving existing legislation. The method of comparative legal analysis made it possible to compare the system of relations of land ownership and lease in Ukraine and other countries of the world. Much attention has been paid to the abolition of the moratorium on the purchase of agricultural land in Ukraine, which will lead to a gradual increase in the share of entrepreneurial activity on owned land with an optimal ratio of land lease. Based on the features of agricultural land lease, the following positive points are highlighted: 1) the availability of long-term lease guarantees the tenant’s stability in land use and promotes better planning and investment attractiveness; 2) the ability to set a fixed size of land rent without taking into account the normative monetary valuation; 3) rents for agricultural land in Ukraine continue to be much lower than in other countries.

MODERN TRENDS IN GOVERNANCE OF STATE OWNERSHIP RELATIONS

Today, the diversity of functions of the state is objectively expanding, especially in the context of socially oriented economies of developed countries. Effective governance of state property serves as a solid foundation for successful performance of the state functions. The chosen topic is of particular relevance in the context of Ukraine's transformational economy. The subject of research is the system of economic relations of state property. Methodology. In the course of the study, a general philosophical dialectical method was used to find contradictions in the phenomena and sources of their development, such as the essence of state property and its contents. Common scientific methods were also used: analysis and synthesis; comparative analysis; statistical methods for calculating the structure and dynamics of indicators of condition and development of state property. The overall system for assessing the socio-economic efficiency of state property management was carried out on the basis of microeconomic indicators and macroeconomic indicators (indicators of economic and social efficiency). The purpose of the paper is to reveal the trends of development of state ownership relations in the European countries as well as in Ukraine, in particular, the difficulties of the process of managing them, as well as to formulate possible ways to overcome such difficulties. Conclusions of the study. Today, the importance of the state as a public institute is objectively increasing in the most economically developed countries. By succeeding in achieving positive institutional changes in ownership relations (creating favorable conditions for SMEs, developing market infrastructure, conducting moderate privatization of state property, transferring state-owned enterprises to market tracks, maintaining policies for protecting national interests, etc.) the grounds for economic growth and improvement of the social sphere in France and Poland were made. Though the conducted analysis showed that the development of state property in Ukraine is contradictory, it has the following problems: ambiguous character of privatization; low efficiency of state property governance; insufficient efficiency of work of enterprises with state ownership; institutional problems. Overall, the socio-economic efficiency of state property governance in Ukraine needs improvement. Thus, the state policy of property governance should include, in particular, the following steps: development of a national model of governance, as well as strategies for the development of state property; organization of state property management entities; development of a system of criteria and indicators for assessing not only the economic but also the social efficiency of state property governance.

ПОСТСОВЕТСКИЙ ГОРОД КАК ПАЛИМПСЕСТ

The author of the publication reviews the photobook “Palimpsests”, published in 2018 in the publishing house “Ad Marginem Press” with the support of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. The book presents photos of post-Soviet cities taken by M. Sher. Preface, the author of which is the coordinator of the “Democracy” program of the Heinrich Böll Foundation in Russia N. Fatykhova, as well as articles by M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush, which accompany these photos, contain explanation of the peculiarities of urban space formation and patterns of its habitation in the Soviet Union times and in the post-Soviet period. The author of the publication highly appreciates the publication under review. Analyzing the photographic works of M. Sher and their interpretation undertaken in the articles, the author of the publication agrees with the main conclusions of N. Fatykhova, M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush with regards to the importance of the role of the state in the processes of urban development and urbanization in the Soviet and post-Soviet space, but points out that the second factor that has a key influence on these processes is ownership relations. The paper positively assesses the approach proposed by the authors of the photobook to the study of the post-Soviet city as an architectural and landscape palimpsest consisting mainly of two layers, “socialist” and “capitalist”. The author of the publication specifically emphasizes the importance of analyzing the archetypal component of this palimpsest, pointing out that the articles published in the reviewed book do not pay sufficient attention to this issue. Particular importance is attributed by the author to the issue of metageography of post-Soviet cities and meta-geographical approach to their exploration. Emphasizing that the urban palimpsest is a system of realities, each in turn including a multitude of ideas, meanings, symbols, and interpretations, the author points out that the photobook “Palimpsests” is actually an invitation to a scientific game with space, which should start a new direction in the study of post-Soviet urban space.

Własność materiałów archiwalnych. Kilka uwag o potrzebie zmian regulacji prawnych

Ownership of archive materials. Several comments about the need to amend legislation The article presents the problem of ownership relations in the area of archival materials. This issue is not easy, also due to the political transformations that took place in Poland. The author does not believe that a new law on archives should be enacted. Nevertheless, the current law (Law on National Archival Fonds and Archives) requires thorough amendment. In the article, the author tries to indicate which provisions should be changed. These provisions concern various legal issues, not just the fundamental structure of the national archival fonds. The legal regulations related to what happens to archive materials following bankruptcy and liquidation are not less important.

АРТ-БИЗНЕС: ВДОХНОВЕНИЕ И РАСЧЕТ. НЕРАЗДЕЛИМАЯ ДВОЙСТВЕННОСТЬ

Purpose of the work is to analyze the specifics of the art business as an integral part of the creative economy. By the method of analogies and comparisons of factors of consumer behavior and the formation of the consumer value of art objects, on the one hand, and goods and services, on the other, the specificity of the art business is determined. The article substantiates the thesis that the peculiarities of the implementation of ownership relations inherent in the art business are a key factor that determines the essence of the art dealer institution.

Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z 11 grudnia 2019 r., sygn. akt P 13/18

The commented judgment concerns the assessment of the compliance with the Polish Constitution of the provisions regulating the effects of removal of the entities entered in the former commercial registers which have not been entered to the new National Court Register. The property of these entities was taken over for the benefit of the State Treasury, and the rights of partners, cooperative members and other persons to a share in the liquidation of assets expired upon the removal of the entity from the register. The Tribunal did not question the mechanism of the arrangement of the ownership relations of the entities removed from the register. Nevertheless, the Tribunal considered that the legislator’s solution to this problem was not entirely correct, as it did not pass the proportionality test in respect of claims against this property of former company partners or cooperative members. The author agrees in principle with the Tribunal’s position, but in his commentary he raises polemical remarks about certain arguments cited in the justification of the judgment. In addition, the author points out that it is worth supplementing the Tribunal’s argumentation with certain threads that were omitted by the Tribunal for formal and legal reasons.

The problem of the actual replacement of private property rights by rights of use in Ukraine: status and prospects

The article has substantiated the process of the de facto replacement of the right of private property by the rights of use; distinguished stages in the development of the private property institution in Ukraine; specified grounds for the emergence and termination of the right of private property and the rights of use; refined sense and scope of responsibility of the private owner and the holder;identified the main instrument of substitution of the right of private property by the rights of use; traced preconditions for passing inconsistent judgements on property protection by the ECHR; and analyzed possible consequences of further substitution of the right of private property by the rights of use. Regard to findings of the study it was considered about instability of the private property institution; identity between unofficial grounds for the termination of the right of private property and unofficial grounds for the emergence of the rights of use; existence of the direct threat to owner status in Ukraine; absence of legal grounds for increasing the sense of owner responsibility, including taxation of the private property; transformation of the feudal law into the modern rights of use combined with the right of possession; possibility of establishing a real type of polity and prospects for its development by ways of regulation of the ownership relations. The article has also considered about creating preconditions for restoring the feudal law and replacing democratic polity by a monarchy in Ukraine and other countries owing to severe restrictions on the right of private property, above all, through taxation of the privateproperty, and its de facto replacementby the rights of use.

Economic Integration of Aircraft Building Enterprises in the Context of the Transactional Approach

The theoretical concept of the study of economic integration within the framework of the neo-institutional paradigm is developed. The structure of the transaction costs of a corporation according to the sequence in which they arise during the implementation of transactions is substantiated. The drivers of the integrative development of modern aircraft building enterprises are studied and the content-related basics of their economic integration are formulated. Besides, the necessity of the formation of a mechanism for optimization of transaction costs of economic integration in the context of the transactional approach in the creation of an aircraft building holding company is substantiated. Distinctive and characteristic features of the functioning of aircraft production as a single complex of R&D and batch production that affect transaction costs are singled out and a typology of transaction costs of aircraft building corporations is proposed. A methodical approach to minimizing transaction costs in the creation of an aircraft building holding company is proposed based on the thesis that rational economic integration of aircraft building enterprises is carried out by changing the ownership relations and the transaction system within the framework of the creation of a holding type aircraft building corporation.