Relational Survey Model Research Articles

Is creative thinking and innovation in teachers enough on their own? What happens if there is no entrepreneurship and reflective thinking?

This study aims to find the moderated mediation role of reflective thinking. It looks at the effect of teachers' creative thinking on innovation through entrepreneurship. This research adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing a descriptive and relational survey model. Four hundred and thirty-seven full-time teachers participated in the study. They were given questionnaires on creative thinking, reflective thinking, entrepreneurship, and innovation. Subsequently, empirical analyses were performed using a moderated mediation model. The research shows that teachers tend to have high scores in creative thinking, reflective thinking, entrepreneurship, and innovation. There is a positive and statistically significant relationship among these variables. Creative thinking indirectly boosts innovation through entrepreneurship. Reflective thinking moderates this process.

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION OF DISTANCE LEARNERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

As information and communication technologies and learner characteristics in higher education develop, so do distance education methods, which are implemented at various levels by higher education institutions. The involvement of students in the learning process is one of the most crucial factors to consider throughout the distance education application transformation, which might change depending on the conditions. At this point, it can be stated that the intrinsic motivation levels of learners involved in distance learning play a decisive role in participating in learning processes. Therefore, examining the intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners is seen as an element that needs to be emphasized. This justifies the study’s goal, which is to analyze the intrinsic motivation levels of students who get distance education from higher education institutions concerning factors including age, gender, employment, and educational status. The relational survey model, one of the general survey models, was utilized in this study, which included 327 distance learners. In terms of distance education applications, the findings of the study have a guiding nature for the administrators working in higher education institutions. The analyses carried out revealed that there were no significant differences in the intrinsic motivation levels of distance learners according to their gender, employment situation, or level of education. Furthermore, it has been found that as people get older, their intrinsic incentive for learning grows. A list of recommendations based on the data gathered within this study is provided at the end.

Does Primary School Teachers Resilience Have a Correlation With Students Reading Comprehension Skills

The psychological resilience of teachers refers to their capacity to cope with the challenges teachers face and their ability to prevent burnout. Teachers' psychological resilience can help them teach students more effectively and maintain their profession in the long term. To date, studies on teacher resilience have generally focused on teachers' characteristics, socialization, and behavior. However, very few studies investigate teacher resilience and its reflections on education through the relationship between teachers' resilience, students' transformation of educational behaviors into skills, and reading comprehension skills. Henderson and Milsteins’ study (2003) suggests that if teachers, who are the main source of role models in education, lack resilience, it is not a realistic expectation for students to be educationally resilient and indirectly demonstrate educational skills. So this study investigated the relationships between teachers' resilience and students' reading comprehension skills. This study was designed with the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. The relationship between primary school students and their teachers was investigated. Numerical quantities representing the universe were calculated to question the existence of the relationship. In this regard, a total of 761 students and their teachers from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades of primary school constitute the participants of the research. A total of 31 classes and their teachers from public and private primary schools were involved in the process. This study found a positive but low-level relationship between teachers' professional resilience and their students' reading comprehension skills. While teacher resilience contributes to students' reading comprehension, its impact is relatively limited, suggesting that other factors also play a significant role in students' academic success.

The Mediator Role of Cognitive Flexibility Levels in the Relationship Between Authenticity Levels and Multicultural Counseling Competence Perceptions of Psychological Counselors

This study examines the mediating role of cognitive flexibility levels in the relationship between counselors' authenticity levels and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competence. In the study, a relational survey model was employed. The study group consisted of 617 counselors, 493 female and 124 male, living in various cities in Turkey. "Personal Information Form", "Authenticity Scale", "Multicultural Counseling Competencies Scale" and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory" were used for data collection. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were significant positive correlations between counselors' authenticity levels, cognitive flexibility levels, and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competencies. While the direct effect of authenticity levels on multicultural counseling competence perceptions was insignificant, the total and indirect effects were found to be significant. In this context, it was found that the cognitive flexibility levels of the counselors play a full mediating role in the relationship between their authenticity levels and their perceptions of multicultural counseling competence. The results were discussed and evaluated within the framework of the relevant literature. Finally, based on the findings of the study, suggestions were made for researchers and practitioners.

Investigation Of The Relationship Between School Administrators 'Attitudes Towards Reporting Child Sexual Abuse And Self-Efficacy Perceptions

This study aims to investigate the relationship between school administrators' attitudes towards reporting child sexual abuse and their self-efficacy perceptions. The research, involved a sample of 205 school administrators working at various levels in the Rize province. The research utilized the relational survey model, a quantitative research method. Data collection tools included the Demographic Information Form, the Attitude Scale towards Reporting Child Sexual Abuse, and the School Administrators' Self-Efficacy Perceptions Scale. The findings revealed a positive and moderately significant relationship between school administrators' attitudes towards reporting child sexual abuse and their self-efficacy perceptions. Additionally, the study concluded that self-efficacy perceptions significantly predicted school administrators' attitudes towards reporting child sexual abuse.

Predictive Role of Emotional Intelligence in Authenticity and Self-Disgust Levels of University Students

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence, authenticity, and self-disgust levels of university students. 555 students, 440 females and 115 males that studying in various universities in Turkey in 2022 have participated to the study. The research model of this study is a type of quantitative research called relational survey model. Demographic Information Form, Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form, Self-Disgust Scale-Revised and Authenticity Scale were used in the study for data collection processes. The results of the research state that emotional intelligence and authenticity levels of males were higher than females, while self-disgust did not show any difference between genders. When the variables were analyzed according to income status, the emotional intelligence level was higher in individuals with higher income, as self-disgust was higher in individuals with lower income. Authenticity level did not show any difference among income groups. When the relationships between variables were analyzed, a positive significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence and authenticity. Self-disgust was found to have a significant negative relationship with both emotional intelligence and authenticity. According to the multiple regression analyses, it was found that the subscales of emotional intelligence were significant predictors of authenticity. The subscales of emotional intelligence including well-being, self-discipline, emotionality, and sociability together explained 53% of the variance in authenticity scores. Lastly, the results indicates that the subscales of emotional intelligence were significant predictors of self-disgust. The subscales of emotional intelligence including well-being, self-discipline, emotionality, and sociability together explained 41% of the variance in self-disgust scores. According to the results obtained, it is recommended to take increasing emotional intelligence skills into account considering that it may be functional in increasing the authenticity and reducing the self-disgust of individuals in terms of psychological health.

University students' cognitive flexibility and critical thinking dispositions.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there are differences in critical thinking dispositions and cognitive flexibility among university students based on gender, grade level, and faculty. Additionally, the study will investigate the relationship between these two concepts and their predictive power. The study was conducted using a relational survey model and included 366 university students selected through maximum diversity sampling. The study involved university students from various faculties and grade levels. Data was collected through a personal information form, cognitive flexibility inventory, and critical thinking disposition scale. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 25 program. The results indicate that university students exhibit relatively high levels of cognitive flexibility and critical thinking tendencies. Above the medium level, there was a significant positive relationship between cognitive flexibility and critical thinking tendency. Cognitive flexibility was found to be a significant predictor of critical thinking dispositions, positively and significantly predicting critical thinking disposition and explaining 40% of it. Individuals with critical thinking tendencies exhibit cognitive flexibility, which is also associated with thinking critically. Therefore, cognitive flexibility and critical thinking are interrelated characteristics.

The Predictive Power of Students' Metacognition and Perceptions of Instructional Competencies of Instructors on Academic Life Satisfaction

In university education, change and development occur due to environmental factors and the individual's efforts. Students' awareness of their cognitions, the instructors they interact with, and their qualifications play an essential role in this development and change process and determine academic life satisfaction. This study aims to assess university students' metacognitive skill perception and their perceptions of instructors' instructional competencies and to reveal the predictive power of these two variables on academic life satisfaction. The practical implications of this study's findings can empower educators and students to enhance academic life satisfaction. Based on the relational survey model, the study's data were obtained from 405 students at a state university's Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. Academic Life Satisfaction Scale, Metacognitive Skill Perceptions Scale, and Instructor’s Instructional Competence Scale were used to collect data. In the data analysis, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between the scores obtained from the scales. Hierarchical Regression Analysis was used to solve the sub-problems related to prediction. The hierarchical regression included the student's achievement perception as a control variable. As a result of the data analysis, it was determined that there was a moderate positive significant relationship between students' academic life satisfaction and their perception of instructors' instructional competencies and metacognitive skill perception levels. When students' achievement perceptions were controlled, it was determined that metacognitive skill perception explained 15% of academic life satisfaction. When achievement perception and metacognitive skill perception were controlled, it was found that the perception of the instructor's instructional competence explained 10% of academic life satisfaction. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the effect of students' metacognitive skill perception on academic life satisfaction was higher than their perceptions of the instructor's instructional competence.

Medical Students' Ethical Use of Information and Communication Technologies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ethical tendencies of medical faculty students, their unethical use of information and communication technologies, and their attitudes toward digital ethics in terms of certain variables. The study was designed using a relational survey model. The research group consisted of 335 medical faculty students studying at a state university in Turkey. Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form," the "Ethical Tendencies Scale," Information and Communication Technologies Ethics Scale," and "Attitude towards Digital Ethics Scale." The data analysis revealed that medical faculty students' digital ethical attitudes and ethical tendencies were at a high level and positive, while their unethical use of information and communication technologies was at a very low level. The study's findings indicated that there were gender-related differences in medical students' unethical use of ICT. In addition, there were significant differences in the ethical tendencies of the participating students based on the variable of year of study. Lastly, medical students' unethical use of information and communication technologies were significantly affected by their ethical tendencies and attitudes towards digital ethics.

Analysis of the Relationships Between University Students' Laboratory Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Science Process Skills and Achievement in Chemistry Courses

It is a widely accepted view among educators that chemistry education should include objectives to develop scientific thinking, laboratory competences and science process skills in addition to chemistry. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between laboratory self-efficacy beliefs and science process skills of chemistry department students and their chemical technology course achievement. The study was conducted in the autumn term of the 2023-2024 academic year in the chemistry departments of three universities in Kazakhstan. The study, which was conducted with relational survey model on the basis of quantitative research paradigm, included 198 students studying in chemistry departments. The data of the study were collected with 'Laboratory self-efficacy beliefs scale' and 'Science process skills scale'. The participants' laboratory self-efficacy beliefs were above moderate, and their science process skills were at a moderate level, according to the study's conclusions. Chemistry department students' laboratory self-efficacy and science process skills did not differ by gender. Correlation analyses revealed significant and positive relationships between students' achievement in chemical technology course and their laboratory self-efficacy beliefs and science process skills in the chemistry department. Regression analyses revealed that the participant students' science process skills, in particular, significantly predicted their performance in the chemical technology course.

A Comparative Study on Participation Motives and Psychological Well-being of Female University Student-Athletes in Kenya and Türkiye

In this study, it was aimed to examine the motivation to participate, psychological well-being, harmony in life, and contentment with life assessment of female university student athletes in Kenya and Türkiye. The study was designed with the descriptive and relational survey model as a quantitative research method. The research group consisted of 379 students representing female university athletes in Türkiye (224) and Kenya (155). Motivation to Participate in Sport Scale (Gill et al., 1983), Psychological Well-being Scale (Diener et al., 2010), Harmony in Life Scale (Kjell et al., 2016) and Contentment with Life Assessment Scale (Lavallee et al., 2007) were used as data collection tools. As a result of the findings of the study, there was a significant difference between individual athletes and team athletes studying in Türkiye in motivation to participate in sports and this difference was in favor of team athletes (p<.05). As a result, female athlete university students' motives for participation in sports and adaptation in life were in favor of Türkiye, but their psychological well-being levels were against Türkiye. Although the psychological well-being levels of female athlete university students are in favor of Kenya, their motives for sports participation and harmony in life are against Kenya. In this case, it shows that there are issues that both countries should pay attention to in order for female university students to be better and more successful.

DO MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS' INTERNET ADDICTIONS AFFECT THEIR 21ST CENTURY SKILLS (THE CASE OF ARNAVUTKOY DISTRICT)

The expansion of content on the Internet increases the rate of use, and this increase brings with it many problems, such as addiction. This type of addiction can prevent people from fulfilling the requirements of the age they live in. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the levels of internet addiction and 21st-century skills of middle school students and to determine the effect of internet addiction on 21st-century skills. The study group of the research consisted of 211 female and 212 male students studying at Osman Gazi Secondary School, Hadımköy Örfi Çetinkaya Secondary School, and Mehmet Akif Ersoy Secondary School in Arnavutköy district. A relational survey model was used in our research. Internet addiction scale, 21st century skills scale, and personal information form were used as data collection tools. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between internet addiction and 21st-century skills and simple regression analysis was used to determine the power of internet addiction in predicting 21st-century skills. The study found that internet addiction significantly predicted 21st-century skills

The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support in the Relationship between the Impact of Events and Post-Traumatic Growth among Syrian Refugees

The internal disturbances that have occurred in Syria since 2011 have led to the displacement of many Syrians and their exposure to stressful life events. In this context, this study aimed to examine the amplifying dimension of suffering experienced by Syrian refugees in terms of various variables. Within this scope, the moderating role of perceived social support on the impact of events on post-traumatic growth among Syrian refugees was investigated. This descriptive study, designed according to the relational survey model, was conducted on 448 Syrian refugees in Turkey, who were included using a random sampling method. The data collection tools in this study included the Impact of Events Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Post-traumatic Growth Scale. According to the analysis of the results, it was found that in Syrian refugees, the impact of events on post-traumatic growth is significantly moderated by family support, support from friends, and support from a significant other. Additionally, it was observed that the event impact variable has a positive and significant effect on the post-traumatic growth among Syrian refugees.

The Relationship between School Happiness and Digital Game Addiction

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between primary school students' school happiness and digital game addictions. The study group of this research, which was designed in the relational survey model, consists of 204 fourth-grade primary school students studying in the Pendik district of Istanbul. In the research, the “School Happiness Scale for Primary School Children” developed by Ozdemir et al. (2021) and “The Digital Game Addiction Scale” which was developed by Lemmens, Valkenburg & Peter (2009) and adapted into Turkish by Yalçın-Irmak & Erdoğan (2015), and later whose validity and reliability analyzes were made for primary school children by Oral and Arabacıoglu (2019) were used. According to the research findings, it was found that the students' school happiness was at a moderate level and their digital game addiction was at a high level. Students' school happiness levels and digital game addiction levels do not show significant differences according to their genders. Similarly, the digital game addiction levels of students do not differ statistically according to the gender of their teachers, but the school happiness levels of students with female teachers are statistically significantly higher than those with male teachers. On the other hand, while the digital game addiction levels of the students do not differ significantly according to the school success of the students, the school happiness levels of the students with medium school success are significantly higher than the students with low or very high school success. According to another finding obtained from the research, there is a negative, low, and significant relationship between students' school happiness levels and digital game addiction levels. As a result of the regression analysis, it was seen that school happiness was a significant predictor of digital game addiction. School happiness explains 3% of digital game addiction.

Investigation of the Effect of Sports Participation Motivations of Students of Faculty of Sports Sciences on Their Leadership Orientations

In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationship between motivation to participate in sports and leadership orientations of students of the faculty of sports sciences. A relational survey model was used in this study. The study group consisted of students studying in the Faculty of Sports Sciences. The questionnaire part of the study consists of three parts. Firstly, includes demographic information. Secondly, the “Leadership Orientations Questionnaire”, which was developed by Bolman and Deal (1990) and adapted into Turkish by Dereli (2003), is explored. Thirdly, consists of the Participation Motivation Questionnaire, which was developed by Gill et al. (1983) and adapted into Turkish by Oyar et al. (2001). For the determine normality assumption skewness and kurtosis values was used. Skewness and kurtosis values were found to be between ±2 and it was determined that the data had a normal distribution (George and Malley, 2003). Afterward, an Independent samples t-test was used between paired groups, and a one-way analysis of variance was used for paired variables. Moreover, reliability coefficient, frequency and percentage and mean and standard deviation calculations were conducted. Simple regression analysis was used to determine the effect between the dependent and independent variables. The findings, a statistically significant difference was found in the variables of leadership orientation and age, income level, and frequency of weekly sports participation in sports participation motivation. As a result, it was determined that there was a low-level significant and negative relationship between the participants' motivation to participate in sports and their leadership orientations.Keywords: Leadership, Motivation, Sports.

The Relationship between School Managers' Authentic Leadership Behaviors and Teachers' Emotional Labor Behaviors

This study examines the relationship between authentic leadership behaviors of school administrators and emotional labor behaviors of teachers. A total of 426 teachers working in Istanbul participated in the study. In this quantitative study using relational survey model, Demographic Information Form, Authentic Leadership Scale and Emotional Labor Scale were used in the data collection process. As a result of the study, it was found that teachers' emotional labor behaviors and deep acting sub-dimension did not differ significantly according to gender. However, they differed in the sub-dimensions of surface acting and genuine emotions. While there were significant differences in general emotional labor level and genuine emotions sub-dimension according to age variable, there were no significant differences in surface acting and deep acting sub-dimensions. It was observed that teachers who chose the teaching profession voluntarily had a higher level of genuine emotions than those who chose the teaching profession with the influence of family and environment. A positive relationship was found between self-awareness, balanced processing and an internalized moral perspective, sub-dimensions of authentic leadership, and emotional labor behaviors. No significant relationship was found between relational transparency and emotional labor behaviors.

The Relationship of Smartphone Addiction with Motivation to Participate in Physical Activity: A Study in Sports Sciences Faculty Students

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and motivation to participate in physical activity within the scope of students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences. In addition to the relationship between students' smartphone addiction and motivation to participate in physical activity, it was also examined whether the related characteristics differed according to their age, gender, departments they studied, and whether they were doing licensed sports. In this study, which was conducted in the relational survey model, the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Motivation to Participate in Physical Activity Scale were applied to 461 volunteer students. In the analyses, independent sample t-test for paired groups, one-way analysis of variance for multiple groups and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated. According to the results obtained, it was determined that all participants had high motivation to participate in sports, when examined in terms of demographic variables; smartphone addiction was higher in 18-21 years old participants than 22-25 years old participants, motivation to participate in physical activity was higher in female participants than male participants according to gender variable, when examined according to the variable of doing licensed sports, it was determined that licensed sportsmen had higher smartphone addiction and participation in physical activity than non-licensed sportsmen, and there was a negative relationship between smartphone addiction and motivation to participate in physical activity.

Investigation Of The Relationship Between Social Media Addiction, Social Media Burnout and Exercise Commitment In Individuals Actively Engaged in Fitness

In contemporary society, the widespread integration of digital technologies; It has opened unprecedented avenues for connection, information dissemination, and self-expression. However, as individuals become increasingly immersed in the complex web of online interactions, concerns about maladaptive behavior have begun to receive academic attention. This discourse converges on three interrelated phenomena: social media addiction, exercise addiction, and the concept of social media burnout in athletes. These facts, based on rigorous academic research, underscore the complex dynamics between technology, physical activity, and mental health. The purpose of this discussion, which investigates the subtle dimensions of social media addiction, exercise addiction and the unique manifestation of burnout in individuals who engage in fitness, is to examine the relationship between social media addiction, social media burnout and exercise adherence in individuals who actively engage in fitness. In our research, scale systems consist of 3 parts; personal information form, social media addiction scale, social media burnout scale and exercise addiction scale. While the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research, IBM SPSS 26 statistical program was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was determined that there was no significant difference between the participants' social media addictions and exercise addictions, and it can be said that individuals who are actively involved in fitness act consciously about social media use. In addition, as a result of the exercise addiction scale applied to measure the exercise addiction of the participants, it was concluded that although the majority of the participants (n = 334) showed symptoms of exercise addiction, they were not exercise addicts.

An Exploration of the Relationship Between Social Work Students’ Awareness of Environmental Ethics and Their Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Environmental Problems

In a changing global environment, sustaining social work as a profession necessitates comprehensive education and heightened awareness of ecocentric perspectives and environmental ethics. Based on this information, the study aims to explore the relationship between social work students’ environmental ethics awareness and their attitudes and behaviors regarding environmental issues. The study was conducted utilizing the general and relational survey model, a quantitative research methodology; the data collection was performed with an interview form consisting of the Personal Information Form, Environmental Ethics Awareness Scale, Attitude Toward Environmental Problems Scale, and Behavior Toward Environmental Problems Scale. The study comprised 461 students selected from 10 different universities offering undergraduate social work education in Türkiye, employing the purposive sampling technique. The data collected from the participants was analyzed using SPSS software. The study findings reveal that the environmental ethics awareness and attitudes of social work students toward environmental problems positively impact their behaviors regarding environmental problems. In this context, heightened environmental ethics awareness and positive attitudes toward environmental problems among students correlate with increased engagement in actions addressing environmental issues. These findings emphasize the need for future studies to assess the effectiveness of environmental education curricula and conduct evidence-based quasi-experimental group interventions.

Investigation of Teachers' Professional Satisfaction Levels according to Various Variables

For an effective education process, it is essential that both students and teachers are highly motivated. In this context, it is necessary to determine teachers' professional satisfaction levels and take political steps according to these levels. In this study, the professional satisfaction levels of teachers and whether these levels differ according to gender, graduation status, and education level were examined. The research is structured on the relational survey model, one of the survey models. The sample of the study consists of 255 primary school teachers. 157 of the participants were female, and 98 were male. While 159 teachers graduated from the faculty of education, 96 teachers graduated from different faculties. 12 teachers have college degrees, 190 teachers have bachelor's degrees, 51 teachers have master's degrees, and two teachers have doctorate degrees. The scale for determining the level of teachers' professional satisfaction (TPSS) developed by Yurdakal & Aktaş (2023) was used to collect data in the study. The Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale is 0.87, and it has three dimensions. The total variance value explained for the scale is 54.53%. The scale consists of 32 items. Necessary permissions were obtained during the data collection process. Then, the items in the measurement tool were uploaded to the Google form, and the data were collected online. Since the distribution was homogeneous, independent groups T-test was used to differentiate teachers' satisfaction levels according to gender and graduated institution variables. One Way Anova analysis was used for the education level variable. As a result of the research, teachers' professional satisfaction levels were determined as "medium level." Teachers' professional satisfaction levels do not differ according to gender in the overall scale and in the sub-dimensions. According to the graduated institution, differences were found in the overall scale and in the personal characteristics sub-dimension and administrative characteristics sub-dimension.