Relation Of Cause Research Articles

Buddhapālita’s and Candrakīrti’s Interpretation of the Concept of Causality

Buddhapālita and Candrakīrti relied on different traditions of commenting Nāgārjuna’s Mūla-madhyamaka-kārikās, and the tradition presented in Candrakīrti’s “Prasannapadā” is closer to Nāgārjuna’s autocommentary “Akutobhaya” than Buddhapālita’s tradition, though in conceptual aspect both of them are practically identical to each other. Causality is understood there as a law that permeates all saṃsāric existence and makes all existence empty, for only that which is the cause of itself could be non-empty. But Buddhist philosophy denies the very possibility of the existence of such realities, because, were saṃsāric existence based on something self-existent, saṃsāra would be insuperable. Both traditions treat the relationship of cause and effect as chronologically “adjacent” to each other. However, all the judgments presented above are true only on a relative level; from an absolute point of view, they are based on the differences between the true and the false, the meaningful and the meaningless, the being and the non-being, the subject and the object, etc., and therefore are empty. Hence any judgment about causality is also empty in the absolute sense.

Causal role of immune cells in psoriasis: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

A growing body of evidence has shown that immune cells are linked to psoriasis. It is, however, still unclear if these associations reflect a relationship of cause and effect. We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR)-based study to elucidate the probable causative connection between immune cells and psoriasis. Summary information for psoriasis (Ncase = 5,427, Ncontrol = 479,171) was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute. Summarized statistical information on 731 immune cell features, including morphological parameters (MP; n = 32), relative cell number (n = 192), median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of surface antigens (n = 389), and absolute cell number (n = 118), was obtained from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog. The research consisted of forward MR analysis, in which immune cell traits were used as the exposure factor, and psoriasis was the outcome, as well as reverse MR analysis, in which psoriasis was used as the exposure factor, and immune cell traits were the outcome. We ran numerous sensitivity analyses to ascertain the study results for robustness, heterogeneity, and potential multiple-biological effects. This research determined a probable causative connection between immune cells and psoriasis. In particular, we identified 36 distinct types of immune cells that are potentially causally linked to psoriasis. Our findings indicate strong causal correlations between 36 immunological phenotypes and psoriasis, thus, directing future clinical trials.

Research methodology in finance

Purpose- Our research aims to explore the different philosophical and epistemological concepts and approaches in traditional finance and behavioral finance, based on the analysis of scientific articles. We aim to provide a comprehensive insight into the theoretical foundations that guide these two branches of finance, with particular emphasis on the epistemological and methodological nuances that distinguish them. Methodology- Our research is based on a careful analysis of the relevant scientific literature in traditional and behavioural finance. By giving specific importance to epistemological aspects, we try to discover the paradigms of thought that influence the understanding and interpretation of financial phenomena within these two fields. Similarly, our meticulous examination of this research aims to identify the preferred methodological approaches. Findings- The results of the analysis show that traditional and behavioural finance have different epistemological and methodological approaches. most traditional financiers follow a quantitative research approach based on numerical data and a purely statistical analysis. However, behaviorists have opted for methodological triangulation, which further explains the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to achieve stronger results and that one can modify or complement the other. Behaviorists recognize the importance of cognitive and emotional biases in the decision-making process of individuals, leading to more holistic models and approaches. With regard to epistemology, most research in Finance on the positivist paradigm, on objectivity and on the relationship of cause and effect. Conclusion- In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of developing research methodologies adapted to each discipline of management sciences, taking into account the specificities of each field. Moreover, the analysis of the scientific literature in traditional and behavioural finance shows that researchers must be aware of the different epistemological and methodological perspectives in order to conduct rigorous and valid research. Keywords: Epistemology, methodology, management sciences, traditional finance, behavioural finance. JEL Codes: B40, G10, G40

White Tears

ABSTRACT In this article, I explore the rhetorical deployment of White tears, tears that are circulated within narratives of interracial conflict as evidence for the rightness of White supremacist norms. More specifically, White tears are those that are framed as deictic indicators of a White victim versus a Black, Indigenous, people of color (BIPOC) threat. These presumed relations of cause and effect are made possible within an emotional context that assumes a baseline White rationality as the norm; distress signals the threat of non-White aggression. Analysis of several prominent cases of crying demonstrates how tears can be marshaled as evidence for the legitimacy of White bodies at the expense of those of color. Although considering the rhetorical force of affect and emotion is important for critical rhetorical analyses, such work needs to contend with how scripts for emotional engagement are already inclined toward or against certain bodies. It then becomes possible to develop alternative, subversive framings.

BASICS AND CHALLENGES OF THE PENAL LAW OF REFUSING TO HELP THE INJURED AND ELIMINATING LIFE RISKS, APPROVED IN 1975

One of the crimes discussed in special criminal law is refusing to help the injured and people at risk, but unfortunately, it has not been considered and investigated. The purpose of this research was the basics and challenges of the criminal law of refusing to help the injured and removing the risks of life approved in 1975. Descriptive analytical research method was to identify the blind and ambiguous points of the unit's material, refraining from helping the injured and identifying the weak points of the unit's material. The results of the research showed that as long as the law and the legislator have turned a moral duty into a legal duty; And he did not pay attention to verifying the relationship of cause and effect; Therefore, if a person who sees someone in need of help but refuses to help, it is considered a crime of omission and is subject to punishment, and in this omission, the causality relationship must also be established. It is not a crime that the legislator did not pay attention to the motive of the willfully refraining or his negligence while performing the duty prescribed by the law, which is effective in the conviction, while in the case of intentional homicide, the perpetrator is the main basis for the conviction of leaving the act of malice. Over the years, other laws have been passed to solve the shortcomings and challenges of this article, and it has been a complement to the penal law of refusing to help the injured. According to the results of the research, it is concluded that the approval of this article has a more moral aspect.

Framework for the Implementation of Smart Manufacturing Systems: A Case in Point

Smart manufacturing has become a vital technique for increasing productivity and efficiency. Firms are following a smart manufacturing implementation system to compete in the market. Therefore, it is mandatory to find the crucial factors that enable the implementation of intelligent manufacturing in enterprises. This study proposes the framework for a new model factory based on the three-dimensional model that extends the product lifecycle layer. It also analyzes the significant attributes and interdependence relationships of causes and effects through the fuzzy DEMATEL approach for the selected small and medium enterprises discussed as a case study. The results show that the factors in Region 1 are significant attributes that need to be focused on for the development and establishment of small and medium enterprises under consideration. These attributes include design documentation (A11), intelligently management of small and medium enterprises (A3), visualization and monitoring of logistics and production (A6), flow of information, energy, and materials (A12), management platform and data acquisition for equipment (A7), and visualization of quality and process (A5). The sensitivity analysis is also performed to check the results’ validity, reliability, and robustness. This study aids any manufacturing firm in analyzing the critical attributes that contribute to implementing smart manufacturing.

Men Becoming Gods in “Style”

Men Becoming Gods in “Style”

Understood in itself and through itself: On Spinoza’s theory of substance

The paper argues that Spinoza considers the inherence relation of substance and mode as being in need of explanation, and that he attempts to analyze it as a relation of conceptual implication. In the first part, I sketch the argument that leads Spinoza to substance monism, explaining the relation of substance, attribute, and mode in more detail. In the second and third parts, I argue that Spinoza explains both the relation of cause and effect and the inherence relation of substance and mode as relations of conceptual implication. Here the problem arises that there are cases of causal relations which are not at the same time inherence relations, namely causal relations between modes. To solve this problem, I propose to clarify Spinoza’s definition of mode in such a way that x is a mode of y only if the concept of x is contained in the concept of y and y is a substance. It follows that there can be no modes of modes — a position that Spinoza can be shown to actually hold. In the final section, I take a brief look at Leibniz’s reception of the Spinozan theory of inherence and at how Leibniz must modify it to avoid Spinoza’s monistic consequences.

METHODOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYZING THE EFFICIENCY FROM ITEMS OF THE CATEGORY “BEHAVIOR OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article deals with the methodological and methodical principles of the analysis of the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises based on categories, criteria and indicators of behavior. The prospects of such an analysis from the point of view of building an ideal enterprise and considering the peculiarities of the development of market relations in Ukraine are highlighted. The essence of the concept of “enterprise behavior model” is substantiated. It was determined that the model of the efficiency of the enterprise’s behavior can be built on the basis of the results of a detailed analysis of the prerequisites and factors that determine the peculiarities of the formation and manifestation of such behavior. It was established that the model of behavior as a universal category represents a certain algorithm of actions of an economic entity, which are predicted with a sufficient degree of probability, determined by the regularities of systemic relationships of cause and effect content. The model of the enterprise’s behavior was typified according to the specified criteria, namely: the criterion of organizational culture, which includes ethical criteria, and the criterion of business activity, market orientation and the nature of the economic policy implemented by the enterprise. It is substantiated that the decision and algorithm of the company’s actions as a result of the implementation of the model of their behavior can be made on the basis of simulation, expert and optimization models. It was determined that the achievement of the efficiency of the enterprise’s development consists in the formation of a certain version of the enterprise’s response in the coordinates of the maximum efficiency of the distribution of its resources, maintaining management control in accordance with the enterprise’s development goals.

Okul Yöneticilerin Kurumsal İmaj Algılarının Örgütsel Özdeşleşme Düzeylerine Etkisine İlişkin Veri Analizinin ve Araştırma Bulgularının İncelenmesi

In this research, it is aimed to examine the data analysis and research findings related to the effect of school administrators' perceptions of corporate image on organizational identification levels. In this research on the effect of school administrators' perceptions of corporate image on organizational identification levels, the survey method was used to collect data in parallel with performing data analysis. The sample of the research consists of 40 school administrators selected by random sample who worked in official primary schools of Bahçelievler district of Istanbul province in the 2016-2017 academic year in which the research was conducted. According to the findings of the research, school administrators' perceptions of corporate image are medium and their organizational identification levels are high. With the perception of corporate image and corporate image the relationship between organizational identification organizational identification levels of correlation between weak, has a significant positive correlation (R=0.344, p=0,030<0.05). The result was obtained that there was a weak but positively significant relationship. A regression analysis to determine the relationship of cause and effect between corporate image and organizational identification was found to be statistically significant (F=6,235; p=0,017 for<0.05). As a determinant of the level of organizational identification, it was found that its relationship with corporate image variables (explanatory power) was weak (R2=0.118). The level of corporate image of managers increases the level of organizational identification (ß=0.905). Organizational identification levels of school administrators with perceptions of corporate image; it was concluded that there was no significant difference according to seniority year, educational status, marital status and age. The perceptions of corporate image of those who had 5 years of study at school and less increased more than those who had 5 years and more. On the other hand, there was no statistical significance of organizational identification levels according to the variable of the working year at school. In accordance with the scientific statistical data obtained, suggestions were made to researchers and senior Ministry of Education (Ministry of National Education) managers for scientific studies.

Efficiency of Teaching the Subject «Natural Science» in School in Connection with Causes And Effects In Nature

The article deals with the problems of increasing the effectiveness of teaching the subject «Natural science» at school due to the relationship of causes and effects in nature. The main goal of educational projects in the subject of «Natural science» is to create favorable conditions for the formation of students' basic academic knowledge about natural activities and laws, simple skills in experimental activities, and the development of knowledge related to all academic visions of society. These knowledge and skill tasks are not the main goal; they should be, first of all, a means of forming the pedagogical and creative possibilities of the students' consciousness, obtaining new knowledge and information about nature as a research tool. The explanation and presentation of factors that change the environment contribute to the inevitable development of the academic worldview of students, the development of a welldeveloped concept of academic ideas in natural movements and activities, and the disclosure of relationships in the concept of an individual society-subject. The basis of the study of cause-andeffect relationships is considered to be the identification and presentation of the causes and consequences of these causes, leading to changes in natural things. The direction of natural science as a science related to natural activities and phenomena includes a set of natural sciences aimed at studying the volume-transitional features of natural objects, their appearance and patterns of formation. Introducing students to the environment, they carefully study the prerequisites and results of various phenomena occurring in nature. The result of the educational goal is perceived to inform students about the gradual development of the whole picture in the environment, the ways of their cognition, perception and understanding in high-quality digital images of natural actions and phenomena, the acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills, the effective application of the acquired knowledge.

POST-TRUTH AS A COMMUNICATIVE TREND OF MODERNITY

The phenomenon of post-truthasan imperative element of the communicative system of today has been investigated through the means of analytical, comparative and extrapolative methodology. The risks of avalanche-like growth of information pressure and the challenges of this trend against modern society have been interpreted. The causal relationships of post-truth as a communicative trend of modernity have been analyzed. Specific features of linguistic resources that shape the environment of ontological and instrumental prerequisites for the emergence of post-truth and the further formation of the functional expansionism of this phenomenon have been identified. The need to form a conventionally agreed content array that represents the essential features of post-truth and expresses its subject field has been substantiated. The need to prioritize raising the level of communicative culture as a necessary prerequisite for avoiding abuses in the field of communicative exchange and manupulations by mass consciousness due to parasitism on linguistic and communicative resources has been conceptualized. Keywords: Post-truth, communication sphere, relationships of cause and effect, postmodern era, informational pressing, criterial relativism.

Mathematical Model of the Relationship Between Four Noble Truths

Four Noble truths are the foundation for Buddhism and are more significant in Buddha’s teaching. Moreover, the four noble truths and noble eightfold path were taken as a vessel to transcend Buddha’s self-realisation into collective understanding. This paper focuses on investigating the interrelationship between four noble truths using existing mathematical models. The study follows a qualitative research design, inductive approach, and content analysis strategy for collecting and analysing the data. Furthermore, conditional relation and biconditional relation were also applied as a tool for finding the results. The literature suggests that the first major section of four noble truths contains first and second noble truth (related to each other) is related to the realm of death and rebirth whereas the second major section that contains third and fourth noble truths (related to each other) is not the part of cause and effect. However, it was found that the first, second, and fourth noble truths are related to each other by the relation of cause and effect which is shown in mathematical relation (model).

Why Does Fashion Fits China so Much?

The present paper investigates the relationship of cause and effect between cultural behavior and Physioeconomy with Fashion in China. The purpose is to identify which cultural reasons lie behind the massive adoption of fashion in China, entrusting to these the success of fashiopulling fashion. The methodology adopted is an exploratory comparative analysis between nations (China, Japan and India), which have cultural physioeconomic similarities, both genuine or artifact. The paper starts from an initial direct observation of the phenomena, checked through the bibliographic review of the background throughout the last 30 years, and supported by a survey supporting the hypothesis. Findings are that fashion is adopted for anthropological reasons of cultural homologation, and not for differentiation due to the specific socio-psychological and cultural structure of the Chinese Nation, similarly to Japan but contrarily from India. The different attitude toward fashion is motivated by cultural reasons. The value of the paper is the exploratory investigation of the anthropologic behavior, offering a scoped analysis with practical interest for socially based commodities and following the research course of the motivations behind buying fashion and China. It is interesting as it will lead to deeper quantitative researches.

To calculation of full elliptic integrals third sortsin applied researches

Introduction. When carrying out theoretical and applied researches on modeling of hydrogeophysical filtrational processes and other potential streams quite often there is a need of analytical determination of values of “impossible” elliptic integrals that is connected with labor-consuming mathematical calculations, cross nonlinear interpolating of these special tables and schedules, etc. Use at the solution of applied tasks for their definition of computer programs yields only discrete results in “figures” (but not in “symbols”) without a possibility of their subsequent transformations for receiving the common analytical decision in elementary functions.
 
 Materials and methods. Therefore, despite existence of various computing programs, analytical decisions are demanded so far as they have great opportunities for identification of internal physical relationships of cause and effect in solvable tasks and the subsequent their use in mathematical transformations.
 
 Results. In work estimated dependences in elementary functions by determination of values of full elliptic integral 3rd sorts with a sufficient accuracy (~ << 2–4 %) for carrying out applied (and theoretical) researches are offered. 
 
 Conclusions. L. Milne-Thomson is brought comparison of the received results with exact data of the Mathcad program for a wide interval of changes of parameter of integral and theoretical decisions.

Why Does Fashion Fits China so Much?

The present paper investigates the relationship of cause and effect between cultural behavior and Physioeconomy with Fashion in China. The purpose is to identify which cultural reasons lie behind the massive adoption of fashion in China, entrusting to these the success of fashiopulling fashion. The methodology adopted is an exploratory comparative analysis between nations (China, Japan and India), which have cultural physioeconomic similarities, both genuine or artifact. The paper starts from an initial direct observation of the phenomena, checked through the bibliographic review of the background throughout the last 30 years, and supported by a survey supporting the hypothesis. Findings are that fashion is adopted for anthropological reasons of cultural homologation, and not for differentiation due to the specific socio-psychological and cultural structure of the Chinese Nation, similarly to Japan but contrarily from India. The different attitude toward fashion is motivated by cultural reasons. The value of the paper is the exploratory investigation of the anthropologic behavior, offering a scoped analysis with practical interest for socially based commodities and following the research course of the motivations behind buying fashion and China. It is interesting as it will lead to deeper quantitative researches.

Розвиток реального сектору економіки України у повоєнному відновленні

Introduction. Russian invasion has already caused – and will likely cause more – losses for Ukraine overall and its real sector in particular. They come on top of structural problems that had been accumulating in Ukraine since the dawn of its independence. European experience suggests a model for comprehensive solution for post-war recovery and structural transformation on the basis of a plan that is coordinated with international donors and backed by the state. Problem Statement. Post-war economic recovery coupled with simultaneous resolution of legacy industry problems, under pro-active engagement of the government and with support from international partners Purpose. The aim of the study is to determine the role of the government in organizing work on modernization of existing and establishment of new enterprises that can arranged with participation from international leaders in respective productions with regard to their economic interests under post-war recovery of Ukrainian economy. Methods. The study is based on scientific works, methodological studies of leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The study was conducted with help of critical and scientific analysis, scientific generalization and systematization methods, induction and deduction for establishing relationships of cause and effect between domestic and external factors. Results of the study, conclusions and recommendations are grounded on integral approach. Results. After Ukraine gained its independence, its real sector has accumulated a number of problems because of distorted application of market mechanisms and inadequate support from public management. Russian invasion caused ruining of infrastructure hubs, large and small enterprises, including key companies for certain industries, and large-scale flows of refugees, inter alia abroad. Temporary relocation of enterprises, which made a partial production recovery possible, was a temporary response to the invasion. In the aftermath of the hostilities, Ukraine will have to mend both pre-war deficiencies and results of treacherous Russian aggression. However, this requires massive resources, which Ukraine under its current (or even pre-war) condition does not possess. Global experience offers mechanisms for raising necessary funds from other countries for a post-war recovery. Primarily, the article speaks of the Marshall Plan. In order to use such resources in an efficient way, we need to develop measures for reconstruction of Ukrainian economy at a new qualitative level that would rely on active support from the government. Conclusions. A success in the post-war recovery of Ukrainian economy, inter alia with support from other countries, is only possible under active government engagement under application of project approach model. It allows for effective implementation of innovative projects with active state facilitation and establishing framework conditions, as well as meeting external investors’ needs. A more pro-active role of the state in promotion of higher efficiency of the economy should be provided for in the law.

Viscoelastic or Viscoplastic Glucose Theory (VGT #50): Studying the Role and Impact of the Viscosity Factors (Body Weight and Body Temperature) on Sensor Collected FPG (Symptom or Strain) using a Stress-Strain Diagram from the Viscoelasticity/Plasticity Theory with Measured and Normalized Data over 18 Months from 10/1/2020 to 3/27/2022 Based on the GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 635)

The author was a professional engineer working in the fields of the space shuttle, naval battleships, nuclear power plant, computer hardware and software, artificial intelligence, and semiconductor chips. After retiring from his engineering job, he initiated his self-study and research on internal medicine with an emphasis on biomarker relationship exploration and disease prevention. Since 2010, he has utilized the academic disciplines learned from 7 different universities along with various work experiences to formulate his current medical research work over the past 13 years. One thing he has learned is that in engineering or medicine, people are frequently seeking answers, illustrations, or explanations for the relationships between the input variable (force on a structure or cause of a disease) and output variable (deformation on a structure or symptom of a disease). However, the relationships between input and output could be expressed with many different matrix formats of 1 x 1, 1 x n, m x 1, or m x n (m or n means different multiple variables). In addition to these mathematical complications, the output resulting from one or more inputs can also become an input of another output i.e., a symptom of certain causes can become a cause of another different symptom. This phenomenon is a complex scenario for a “chain effect”. In fact, engineering and biomedical complications are fundamentally mathematical problems which correlate with many inherent physical laws or principles. Over the past 13 years, in his medical research work, he has encountered more than 100 different biomarkers with various relationships of causes (input variables) versus symptoms (output variables). For example, food and exercise influence both body weight (BW) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), while the pancreatic health state, BW, body temperature (BT), and sleep conditions affect the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the early morning. A persistent high glucose condition, including FPG and PPG, can result in diabetes. When diabetes combines with hypertension (high blood pressure) and hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids), they would likely cause various cardiovascular diseases (heart attacks) or strokes where blood pressure (BP) and lipids are tightly connected with food. Furthermore, obesity and diabetes are also linked with various cancers. These multiple sets of lifestyle and biomedical input versus disease output have been researched by the author using different tools he has learned from mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering.

Выбор современных инструментов маркетинговых коммуникаций для повышения конкурентоспособности бизнеса

The economy’s business environment today is characterized by high level of competition between companies aimed at achieving best financial results and, consequently, increasing the number of consumers, particularly in current challenging COVID-19 pandemic era. The paper emphasizes that in order for an enterprise to gain competitive advantages at present, intense actions are required. Business competition becomes fiercer, as one has to fight for orders from a shrinking group of customers. One of the most reliable ways of research is to use and analyze available statistical data obtained by Russian associations and agencies working in the field of communication and commerce. The empirical base of the study of modern communicative strategy tools enhancing business competitive advantage in Russia was data from E-Commerce Russia, Russian Association of Communication Agencies, the Data Insight research agency and recommendations from the Electric Brand Consultants agency. Analysis of the information made it possible to identify motives, i.e. driving force for organizations to choose the most effective marketing communications tools. According to the results of the study, shifts in customers’ needs and insights, and specific features of competitive practices were revealed. The innovative tools applied by entrepreneurs include a variety of remodeled marketing communication tools such as video advertising and mobile advertising, targeted advertising on the Internet, virtual voice assistants, Black Friday online sales, etc. During the lockdown introduced in Russia, many businesses increased their customer base and refined their CRM systems. The study suggests stages and tools of enhancing business competitive advantages, describes the process of increasing the competitiveness of a commercial organization in a formalized form, and characterizes the relationship of causes and effects. The authors substantiate the choice of modern communicative strategy tools and the need to implement a flexible marketing strategy that can become a source of business competitive.

Trait Association and Path Analysis Studies for Yield Traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines Derived from Cross KP×A-69-1 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Studies pertaining to genetic variability, trait association and correlation among yield traits give elementary idea about the amount and direction of genetic association of the traits in the population and devising appropriate breeding methods for further improvement of the crop. This study aimed to estimate coefficients of variability, genetic advance, heritability, trait association and path coefficient analysis among 40 recombinant inbred lines (F7) derived from biparental cross (KP×A-69-1). These lines were evaluated for yield and its contributing traits in randomised complete block design (RCBD) during kharif-2018. High estimates of Genotypic Coefficient of Variations (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variations (PCV) were observed for filled grain panicle-1 followed by total grain panicle-1, number of effective tillers plant-1, panicle weight and grain yield plant-1. High heritability conjugated with high genetic advance were recorded for plant height and filled grains panicle-1. Panicle weight, filled grain panicle-1, number of effective tillers plant-1 and panicle length showed positive and significant (p≤ 0.01) correlation with grain yield plant-1. Path coefficient analysis showed that despite significant and positive correlation of grain yield plant-1 with many variables only correlation of panicle weight and number of effective tillers plant-1 were verified to have relationship of cause and effect. Overall result gesture towards role of panicle weight, number of effective tillers plant-1 and filled grains panicle-1 as important variables for use in grain yield plant-1 assessment programs as selection indices.