Relative Order Research Articles

Effect of Al related chemical short-range order on the irradiation resistance of Al0.5CoCrFeNi multi-principal element alloy: A molecular dynamics simulation

Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have received much attention for future nuclear materials due to their exceptional radiation resistance. This work investigated the effect of Al related chemical short-range ordered (CSRO) which caused by its large atomic size in face-centered cubic (FCC) Al0.5CoCrFeNi alloy on its irradiation damage behavior through mixed molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. The calculation results indicate that the CSRO structure effectively suppresses the generation of point defects during irradiation in Al0.5CoCrFeNi alloy, and this inhibitory effect increases with increasing irradiation energy. The enhanced radiation resistance of CSRO alloy is attributed to the high vacancy formation energy, interstitial atom formation energy, and vacancy migration energy barrier of Al. Moreover, the Al atoms in CSRO alloy can also act as defect barriers, preventing the migration of vacancy defects; The formation energy of interstitial atoms in the CSRO alloy exhibits a strong element dependence, and there is a significant difference in the formation energy of interstitial atoms between different points, which strengthens the hysteresis diffusion effect of MPEAs and further enhances the radiation resistance of MPEAs.

Bulk and single-cell transcriptome reveal the immuno-prognostic subtypes and tumour microenvironment heterogeneity in HCC.

Accumulating evidences suggest tumour microenvironment (TME) profoundly influence clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Existing immune subtypes are susceptible to batch effects, and integrative analysis of bulk and single-cell transcriptome is helpful to recognize immune subtypes and TME in HCC. Based on the relative expression ordering (REO) of 1259 immune-related genes, an immuno-prognostic signature was developed and validated in 907 HCC samples from five bulk transcriptomic cohorts, including 72 in-house samples. The machine learning models based on subtype-specific gene pairs with stable REOs were constructed to jointly predict immuno-prognostic subtypes in single-cell RNA-seq data and validated in another single-cell data. Then, cancer characteristics, immune landscape, underlying mechanism and therapeutic benefits between subtypes were analysed. An immune-related signature with 29 gene pairs stratified HCC samples individually into two risk subgroups (C1 and C2), which was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. The machine learning models verified the immune subtypes from five bulk cohorts to two single-cell transcriptomic data. Integrative analysis revealed that C1 had poorer outcomes, higher CNV burden and malignant scores, higher sensitivity to sorafenib, and exhibited an immunosuppressive phenotype with more regulators, e.g., myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Mø_SPP1, while C2 was characterized with better outcomes, higher metabolism, more benefit from immunotherapy, and displayed active immune with more effectors, e.g., tumour infiltrating lymphocyte and dendritic cell. Moreover, both two single-cell data revealed the crosstalk of SPP1-related L-R pairs between cancer and immune cells, especially SPP1-CD44, might lead to immunosuppression in C1. The REO-based immuno-prognostic subtypes were conducive to individualized prognosis prediction and treatment options for HCC. This study paved the way for understanding TME heterogeneity between immuno-prognostic subtypes of HCC.

Log-concavity and relative log-concave ordering of compound distributions

AbstractIn this paper, we compare the entropy of the original distribution and its corresponding compound distribution. Several results are established based on convex order and relative log-concave order. The necessary and sufficient condition for a compound distribution to be log-concave is also discussed, including compound geometric distribution, compound negative binomial distribution and compound binomial distribution.

Early uplift and exhumation of the Tanggula granitoid pluton since the Late Cretaceous: Implications for the stepwise topographic growth model in the eastern Qiangtang terrane

Abstract Reconstructing the uplift process of the eastern Qiangtang terrane is crucial for understanding the growth model of the central Tibetan Plateau. However, due to the limited amount of data available, it is not well constrained. The Tanggula granitoid pluton is an outstanding geological feature in the eastern Qiangtang terrane, and thus could provide crucial constraints on its uplift history. We applied multiple thermochronologic systems over a broad temperature range, including apatite U-Pb, biotite and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar, apatite and zircon fission-track, and zircon (U-Th)/He, to study samples from the Tanggula granitoid pluton. The results exhibit the expected relative age order of these thermochronologic systems, with 242–238 Ma apatite U-Pb ages, 218–204 Ma biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages, 197–191 Ma K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages, 94–81 Ma zircon fission-track ages, 70–58 Ma zircon (U-Th)/He ages, and 61–39 Ma apatite fission-track ages. Using these thermochronologic ages and thermal history modeling results, we reconstructed a comprehensive thermal history for the pluton, from which three rapid cooling phases were revealed. The earliest rapid cooling phase (220–180 Ma; ~5.25 °C/m.y.) closely followed the emplacement of the Tanggula granitoid pluton, and thus is primarily an expression of natural cooling triggered by conduction with the surrounding rocks. In contrast, the rapid cooling during 100–60 Ma and since 20 Ma can be interpreted to represent intense exhumation, with corresponding exhumation of 5.0–6.0 km and 2.3–2.8 km, as well as an average exhumation rate of 0.125–0.150 mm/yr and 0.115–0.140 mm/yr, respectively. According to the thermal history, the earliest uplift in the Tanggula region could have been initiated as early as the Late Cretaceous. Using the published data, we determined that the onset of rapid uplift and exhumation in the entire eastern Qiangtang terrane had a northeastward, stepwise propagation process. The region within or around Anduo first experienced rapid uplift and exhumation that initiated during the late Early Cretaceous (ca. 130 Ma), the Tanggula region to the northeast experienced rapid uplift and exhumation that initiated during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma), and the region farther to the northeast in Tuotuohe and Yushu–Nangqian experienced rapid uplift and exhumation that initiated in the late Paleocene (ca. 60 Ma). The northeastward stepwise uplift and exhumation in the eastern Qiangtang terrane was likely caused by the combined Lhasa–Qiangtang and India–Asia continental collisions.

Recent increasing homogenisation in Austrian butterfly communities over the past decades

In Europe, abundance, biomass and species richness of many insect taxa declined during the last decades. This decline might be accompanied by long‐term temporal changes in community composition and dominance orders. Here, we use the data base of the natural history museum of Salzburg based on museum records and field books on Austrian butterflies covering the years 1945–2018 and asked 1) whether and how community composition of important butterfly guilds changed and 2) whether these changes are in accordance with reciprocal shifts in species abundances leading to increased functional stability. In comparisons of annual changes in dominance orders, we found an increasing tendency of compositional stability of dominant species. The trend was most pronounced in generalist and dispersive species, while dominant grassland, xerothermophilic and sedentary species tended to decrease in relative abundance. We also demonstrate a temporal trend towards increasing regional stability in relative abundance rank orders. We did not find compelling evidence for reciprocal shifts in abundances of dominant and subdominant species of the same guild and of asynchronous population fluctuations as required by models that link abundance compensation and functional stability. Our study highlights the ongoing trend towards faunal homogenisation at regional spatial scales in the European Alps.

Personalized differential expression analysis in triple-negative breast cancer.

Identification of individual-level differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is a pre-step for the analysis of disease-specific biological mechanisms and precision medicine. Previous algorithms cannot balance accuracy and sufficient statistical power. Herein, RankCompV2, designed for identifying population-level DEGs based on relative expression orderings, was adjusted to identify individual-level DEGs. Furthermore, an optimized version of individual-level RankCompV2, named as RankCompV2.1, was designed based on the assumption that the rank positions of genes and relative rank differences of gene pairs would influence the identification of individual-level DEGs. In comparison to other individualized analysis algorithms, RankCompV2.1 performed better on statistical power, computational efficiency, and acquired coequal accuracy in both simulation and real paired cancer-normal data from ten cancer types. Besides, single sample GSEA and Gene Set Variation Analysis analysis showed that pathways enriched with up-regulated and down-regulated genes presented higher and lower enrichment scores, respectively. Furthermore, we identified 16 genes that were universally deregulated in 966 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) samples and interacted with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs or antineoplastic agents, indicating notable therapeutic targets for TNBC. In addition, we also identified genes with highly variable deregulation status and used these genes to cluster TNBC samples into three subgroups with different prognoses. The subgroup with the poorest outcome was characterized by down-regulated immune-regulated pathways, signal transduction pathways, and apoptosis-related pathways. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that OAS family genes may be promising drug targets to activate tumor immunity in this subgroup. In conclusion, RankCompV2.1 is capable of identifying individual-level DEGs with high accuracy and statistical power, analyzing mechanisms of carcinogenesis and exploring therapeutic strategy.

Integrated analysis of diverse cancer types reveals a breast cancer-specific serum miRNA biomarker through relative expression orderings analysis

PurposeSerum microRNA (miRNA) holds great potential as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosing breast cancer (BrC). However, most diagnostic models rely on the absolute expression levels of miRNAs, which are susceptible to batch effects and challenging for clinical transformation. Furthermore, current studies on liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers for BrC mainly focus on distinguishing BrC patients from healthy controls, needing more specificity assessment.MethodsWe collected a large number of miRNA expression data involving 8465 samples from GEO, including 13 different cancer types and non-cancer controls. Based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of miRNAs within each sample, we applied the greedy, LASSO multiple linear regression, and random forest algorithms to identify a qualitative biomarker specific to BrC by comparing BrC samples to samples of other cancers as controls.ResultsWe developed a BrC-specific biomarker called 7-miRPairs, consisting of seven miRNA pairs. It demonstrated comparable classification performance in our analyzed machine learning algorithms while requiring fewer miRNA pairs, accurately distinguishing BrC from 12 other cancer types. The diagnostic performance of 7-miRPairs was favorable in the training set (accuracy = 98.47%, specificity = 98.14%, sensitivity = 99.25%), and similar results were obtained in the test set (accuracy = 97.22%, specificity = 96.87%, sensitivity = 98.02%). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the 11 miRNAs within the 7-miRPairs revealed significant enrichment of target mRNAs in pathways associated with BrC.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that utilizing serum miRNA pairs can offer significant advantages for BrC-specific diagnosis in clinical practice by directly comparing serum samples with BrC to other cancer types.

Multiple independent losses of sporulation and peptidoglycan in the Mycoplasmatales and related orders of the class Bacilli.

Many peptidoglycan-deficient bacteria such as the Mycoplasmatales are known host-associated lineages, lacking the environmental resistance mechanisms and metabolic capabilities necessary for a free-living lifestyle. Several peptidoglycan-deficient and non-sporulating orders of interest are thought to be descended from Gram-positive sporulating Bacilli through reductive evolution. Here we annotate 2650 genomes belonging to the class Bacilli, according to the Genome Taxonomy Database, to predict the peptidoglycan and sporulation phenotypes of three novel orders, RFN20, RF39 and ML615J-28, known only through environmental sequence surveys. These lineages are interspersed between peptidoglycan-deficient non-sporulating orders including the Mycoplasmatales and Acholeplasmatales, and more typical Gram-positive orders such as the Erysipelotrichales and Staphylococcales. We use the extant genotypes to perform ancestral state reconstructions. The novel orders are predicted to have small genomes with minimal metabolic capabilities and to comprise a mix of peptidoglycan-deficient and/or non-sporulating species. In contrast to expectations based on cultured representatives, the order Erysipelotrichales lacks many of the genes involved in peptidoglycan and endospore formation. The reconstructed evolutionary history of these traits suggests multiple independent whole-genome reductions and loss of phenotype via intermediate transition states that continue into the present. We suggest that the evolutionary history of the reduced-genome lineages within the class Bacilli is one driven by multiple independent transitions to host-associated lifestyles, with the degree of reduction in environmental resistance and metabolic capabilities correlated with degree of host association.

The Discretion of Scottish Courts to Make an Administration Order in Relation to Foreign Companies: In Re Seventeen Yellow Crowns SARL

The Discretion of Scottish Courts to Make an Administration Order in Relation to Foreign Companies: <i>In Re Seventeen Yellow Crowns SARL</i>

Birth Order and Academic Motivation of Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria.

The study examined birth order in relation to academic motivation among secondary school students in Lagos. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design, data was collected from 430 students (mean=15.46, SD=1.53) across public and private schools. The Academic Motivation Scale (AMS-HS 28) was employed to measure motivation levels. Descriptive statistics revealed that nearly half of the students (45.6%) exhibited low levels of academic motivation. One-way ANOVA results indicated significant differences in academic motivation across birth order categories (F(3,426) = 4.66, p &lt; .01). Post hoc analyses showed that lastborn children reported higher academic motivation than middle children, and firstborn children displayed higher motivation compared to middle and only children. These findings challenge traditional birth order theories, suggesting that lastborn children’s motivation may be influenced by their older siblings’ achievements. Additionally, firstborn children showed higher motivation, likely due to greater parental expectations, while only children exhibited the lowest motivation levels, potentially due to a lack of sibling competition. This research contributes to the understanding of academic motivation determinants and offers insights for educational and parental strategies to enhance student motivation.

Label Informed Contrastive Pretraining for Node Importance Estimation on Knowledge Graphs.

Node importance estimation (NIE) is the task of inferring the importance scores of the nodes in a graph. Due to the availability of richer data and knowledge, recent research interests of NIE have been dedicated to knowledge graphs (KGs) for predicting future or missing node importance scores. Existing state-of-the-art NIE methods train the model by available labels, and they consider every interested node equally before training. However, the nodes with higher importance often require or receive more attention in real-world scenarios, e.g., people may care more about the movies or webpages with higher importance. To this end, we introduce Label Informed ContrAstive Pretraining (LICAP) to the NIE problem for being better aware of the nodes with high importance scores. Specifically, LICAP is a novel type of contrastive learning (CL) framework that aims to fully utilize continuous labels to generate contrastive samples for pretraining embeddings. Considering the NIE problem, LICAP adopts a novel sampling strategy called top nodes preferred hierarchical sampling to first group all interested nodes into a top bin and a nontop bin based on node importance scores, and then divide the nodes within the top bin into several finer bins also based on the scores. The contrastive samples are generated from those bins and are then used to pretrain node embeddings of KGs via a newly proposed predicate-aware graph attention networks (PreGATs), so as to better separate the top nodes from nontop nodes, and distinguish the top nodes within the top bin by keeping the relative order among finer bins. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the LICAP pretrained embeddings can further boost the performance of existing NIE methods and achieve new state-of-the-art performance regarding both regression and ranking metrics. The source code for reproducibility is available at https://github.com/zhangtia16/LICAP.

A wealth of structures for the Ge2H2+ radical cation: comparison of theory and experiment.

Five structures of Ge2H2 and Ge2H2+ are investigated in this study. Optimized geometries at the CCSD(T)/cc-pwCVQZ-PP level of theory were obtained. Focal point analyses were performed on these optimized geometries to determine relative energies using the CCSD(T) method with polarized basis sets up to quintuple-zeta. Energy corrections include full T and pertubative (Q) coupled-cluster effects plus anharmonic corrections to the zero-point vibrational energy. Relative ordering in energy from lowest to highest of the five Ge2H2+ structures is butterfly, germylidene, monobridged, trans, then linear. In neutral Ge2H2, the monobridged structure lies lower in energy than the germylidene structure. Fundamental vibrational frequencies and IR intensities were computed for the minima at the CCSD(T)/cc-pwCVTZ-PP level of theory to compare with experimental research. Partial atomic charges and natural bonding orbital analyses indicated that the positive charge of Ge2H2+ is contained in the region of the Ge-Ge bond.

История возникновения и развития российского уголовного законодательства об ответственности за неисполнение приговора суда, решения суда или иного судебного акта

Understanding the legal value of justice as a type of state activity, during which the function of social control is carried out and the proper degree of uniform behavior of citizens is ensured, was achieved only during the evolutionary development of society in the process of improving the legislative mechanism and increasing the value of normative regulation of relations in the field of administration of justice. At the same time, an important guarantee of the effective implementation of judicial power is the principle of universally binding judicial acts. This principle ensures the ordering of social relations through the enforcement of legal norms. In this regard, the current law provides for criminal liability for non-execution of judicial acts (sentences, decisions, etc.). This criminal law prohibition is not an arbitrary act of the legislator; its formation and development are directly related to the process of formation of social relations. At the same time, criminal legal ensured the protection of a judicial act from non-execution means not at all stages of the historical development of society. The emergence of this norm is due to a number of interrelated and interdependent factors, among which the most important are, firstly, the level of organization of the mechanism of state power, and secondly, the complication of the system of state bodies and the separation of justice bodies in it. It is through the prism of these factors that an analysis of legislation on criminal liability for non-execution of judicial acts is necessary. The subject of research within the framework of this article is the historical background of the process of formation and development in the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods of criminal legislation, providing for liability for failure to comply with a court verdict, court decision or other judicial act. It is concluded that the criminal legal protection of relations arising in the sphere of execution of judicial acts largely depended on the mechanism for the implementation of judicial power and the models of execution of court decisions determined by this mechanism. In the process of historical development of Russian statehood and legislation, the nature and methods of exercising judicial and executive (administrative) power underwent changes, the established procedure for the execution of judicial acts in civil and criminal cases, as well as the criminal law mechanism for its (procedure) protection, underwent corresponding changes.

An individualized stemness-related signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses for gastric cancer using single-cell and bulk tissue transcriptomes.

Currently, many stemness-related signatures have been developed for gastric cancer (GC) to predict prognosis and immunotherapy outcomes. However, due to batch effects, these signatures cannot accurately analyze patients one by one, rendering them impractical in real clinical scenarios. Therefore, we aimed to develop an individualized and clinically applicable signature based on GC stemness. Malignant epithelial cells from single-cell RNA-Seq data of GC were used to identify stemness-related signature genes based on the CytoTRACE score. Using two bulk tissue datasets as training data, the enrichment scores of the signature genes were applied to classify samples into two subtypes. Then, using the identified subtypes as criteria, we developed an individualized stemness-related signature based on the within-sample relative expression orderings of genes. We identified 175 stemness-related signature genes, which exhibited significantly higher AUCell scores in poorly differentiated GCs compared to differentiated GCs. In training datasets, GC samples were classified into two subtypes with significantly different survival times and genomic characteristics. Utilizing the two subtypes, an individualized signature was constructed containing 47 gene pairs. In four independent testing datasets, GC samples classified as high risk exhibited significantly shorter survival times, higher infiltration of M2 macrophages, and lower immune responses compared to low-risk samples. Moreover, the potential therapeutic targets and corresponding drugs were identified for the high-risk group, such as CD248 targeted by ontuxizumab. We developed an individualized stemness-related signature, which can accurately predict the prognosis and efficacy of immunotherapy for each GC sample.

Impacts of pandemic service adaptations on job accessibility: A case study of the Bay Area Rapid Transit

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted transit's crucial role as a social service, ensuring access to essential destinations. Despite this, unprecedented ridership lows forced agencies to implement service cuts, disproportionately affecting essential workers and vulnerable populations. However, the full extent of these impacts remains underexplored. While existing literature examines transit agency responses during the pandemic, much of the focus has been on public health and safety measures, overlooking the specifics of service adjustment strategies implemented. This study contributes to our understanding of transit agency pandemic responses throughout the pre-, peak-, and post-pandemic phases by 1) characterizing patterns in transit service adjustments and 2) extending pandemic accessibility literature by examining job-specific impacts. The framework integrates time series clustering, qualitative review of agency press releases, and transit accessibility analysis, using only publicly available data. Through a case study of Bay Area Rapid Transit, we find distinct clusters of stations characterized by patterns in weekday morning peak service restoration and station area demographics. While impacts to accessibility varied by time of day, the relative ordering of accessibility levels across income and race/ethnicity remained consistent throughout the pandemic. These findings contribute to our understanding of service adaptation impacts and inform equitable response strategies for future service planning and disruptions.

Insights from in silico study of receptor energetics of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The emergence of new variants of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with increased infectivity, superior virulence, high transmissibility, and unmatched immune escape has demonstrated the adaptability and evolutionary fitness of the virus. The subject of relative order of the binding affinity of SARS-CoV-2 variants with the human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor is hotly debated and its resolution has implications for drug design and development. In this work, we have investigated the energetics of the binding of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs): Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron (B.1.1.529), variant of interest (VOI): Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta Plus (B.1.617.2.1) variant with the human ACE2 receptor by using the umbrella sampling (US) method. Our work indicates that Delta and Delta Plus variants have greater values of the US binding free energy than Wild-type (WT), whereas Beta, Kappa, and Omicron variants have lower values. Further analysis of hydrogen bonding, salt bridges, non-bonded interaction energy, and contact surface area at the RBD-hACE2 interface establish Delta as the variant with the highest binding affinity among these variants.

“함께하는 힘이 이렇게 세구나!”: 달빛초 세계시민교육 교원 연구팀의 협력적 관계구조 형성에 관한 질적 사례연구

This qualitative case study explored the collaborative relational structure of a research team of educators at Moonlight primary school (pseudonym), which enabled the mainstreaming of global citizenship education(hereafter, GCED) into the school over the past three years. To do so, this research employed the relational AGIL scheme(Donati, 2022) as a theoretical framework to analyze changes in the purpose, values, means, and norms of the research team’s relational structure. The findings revealed that the research team underwent transition from an initially contrived collegiality to a later reciprocal one, with the turning point marked by a change in leadership. The late-stage research team’s reciprocal relational structure was characterized by a pursuit of situational goals (G) related to the mainstreaming of GCED at Moonlight primary school, grounded in values of mutual respect(L), a sophisticated planning of various means(A) meticulously designed for mainstreaming GCED, and an emphasis on ethical responsibilities within teacher relationships(I), forming an AGIL relational structure. The key mechanism in shaping this reciprocal relational structure(AGIL) was the relational reflexivity of the research team members. They, as relational subjects, were able to recognise the relational order of reality, that is, we-‘relation’, a third entity constructed by team members that remains invisible but embodies the potential for teacher collaboration.

Forecasts with Bayesian vector autoregressions under real time conditions

AbstractThis paper investigates the sensitivity of forecast performance metrics to taking a real time versus pseudo out‐of‐sample perspective. I use monthly vintages of two popular datasets for the United States and the euro area. Variants of vector autoregressions, varying the size of the information sets and the conditional mean and variance specification, are considered. The results suggest differences in the relative ordering of model performance for point and density forecasts depending on the forecast simulation design used to evaluate predictive accuracy. Differentials are more pronounced for the European dataset, and stochastic volatility is a particularly attractive model feature to obtain accurate forecasts in real time.

The Syntax of Prominence

The standard view on discourse pronoun resolution is that determining the antecedents of discourse pronouns is typically a function of extralinguistic reasoning. In contrast, Stojnić (2021) argues that pronoun resolution is a function of linguistic facts. In this article we offer what we take to be a friendly amendment to the technical aspects of Stojnić’s proposal. Our point of departure will be with our idea that prominence is not determined by the position of the candidate antecedent within a stack, but rather by its position within standard syntactic tree structures, extended to include discourse-level trees. Our proposal leans on the notion of p-scope, a proof-theoretic accessibility relation among tree nodes which we develop in Ludlow and Živanović (2022), and the notion of closeness built on standard accounts of syntactic locality. The key idea is that a pronoun’s antecedent resolves to its closest p-scoper; specifically, p-scope determines the potential antecedents, and the closeness relation orders these by prominence. Coherence relations, which we provisionally represent as syntactic heads, can be then seen as affecting accessibility and prominence indirectly, in virtue of their position in traditional LF tree structures.

The Monroe Doctrine: Republicans’ Perspective in the Formation Years of the Versailles-Washington System

The Monroe Doctrine occupies a unique place in the US history. It became one of the key foreign policy documents of its time and provided the basis for a wide variety of interpretations of the United States’ role and goals in the international arena at turning points of world history. One of these moments was the turn of the 1910s−1920s, when a new Versailles-Washington order of international relations was emerging. In the US public discourse, this period was marked by intense debates between supporters of the Democratic President V. Wilson and his isolationist opponents. Both Republicans and Democrats constantly referred to the Monroe Doctrine, on the one hand, to justify their own views on US foreign policy in the new conditions, and, on the other hand, to refute the arguments of their political opponents. The controversy surrounding the Monroe Doctrine has been reflected in publications in periodicals and analytical journals, as well as in cartoons. Studying these materials, it is possible to trace the evolution of the approaches of American politicians, experts, editors, and journalists to the Monroe Doctrine. The arguments of the Republicans against the ‘internationalist’ interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine that emerged in the face of the changing global context after the First World War are of particular interest. The study shows that at the initial stage of discussions (1920), the Monroe Doctrine was used by the Republicans primarily to criticize W. Wilson’s concept of international relations in general and his position on the League of Nations in particular. At the next stage (1921−1923), the debate focused around the need to revise the Monroe Doctrine itself, that aroused due to new trends in the development of international relations in the Far East and, in particular, because of the increasing competition between the United States and Japan. The author identifies several main approaches to the interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine formulated during the public debate in 1921−1923. It is shown that, despite significant divergences of view, both isolationists and internationalists eventually came to broader interpretations of the Monroe Doctrine, recognizing the need to extend its principles to the entire Asia-Pacific region.