Related Countermeasures Research Articles

Research on the Ecological Dissemination Characteristics and Control of Information in Microblog Network Based on the Complex Network Theory

On the basis of the information dissemination law in Microblog and its network topology, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the user nodes, structure characteristics of the groups, and the dissemination characteristics of the information of Microblog, and then proposes some related countermeasures to control and guide the healthy and rapid information dissemination of Microblog network. The research shows that the Microblog network renders mesh topology with good characteristics of cluster, centrality and similarity. The efficiency of information dissemination in Microblog network is relatively very high and the network is not fragile. Meanwhile, the node's role in the dissemination of information varies greatly, and it is easy to form opinion leader. It has important significance to strengthen the government's authoritative coverage and rapid response capability, make the opinion leaders play an active role in guiding correctly for the information dissemination management in Microblog network.

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Performance of Rhythmic Gymnasts

The competition result of a rhythmic gymnast is dependent on the assessment of referees based on the athletic level of athlete at scene (including the difficulty, choreography, and quality of movements), and final ranking after comparing with the scores of other competitors. The paper proposes several factors which can affect the performances of rhythmic gymnasts including: the subjective factors such as scoring of referees, and also the objective factors such as athletic level of athletes at scene, competition conditions, competitors' conditions, etc.; and the paper also proposes the related countermeasures for above issues.

Multichannel communications in vehicular Ad Hoc networks: a survey

Vehicular ad hoc networks are the key to provisioning safety-critical and commercial services on the road. Multiple channels are assigned in the 5 GHz spectrum to support these services. In this article an overview of the multichannel architecture proposed by standardization bodies in the United States and Europe is presented. The main contribution is the identification of the open challenges for multichannel coordination, synchronization, and access. Discussions on related countermeasures, fully explored in neither the standards nor the scientific literature, aim to serve as guidelines for designers of future protocols and applications in vehicular environments.

On physical layer security for cognitive radio networks

In this article we explore the security issues on physical layer for cognitive radio networks. First we give an overview on several existing security attacks to the physical layer in cognitive radio networks. We then discuss the related countermeasures on how to defend against these attacks. We further investigate one of the most important physical layer security parameters, the secrecy capacity of a cognitive radio network, and study the outage probability of secrecy capacity of a primary user from a theoretical point of view. Furthermore, we present performance results for secrecy capacity and outage probability between a node and its neighbors. Our work summarizes the current advances of the physical layer security and brings insights on physical layer security analysis in cognitive radio networks.

Physical layer security in wireless smart grid

AbstractThe smart grid system is composed of the power infrastructure and communication infrastructure and thus is characterized by the flow of electric power and information, respectively. Although there is no doubt that the wireless communication architecture will play a significant role in smart grid, the wireless network introduces additional vulnerabilities, given the scale of potential threats. Therefore, the physical layer security issue is of first priority in the study of smart grid and has already attracted substantial attention in the industry and academia. In this paper, we aimed to present a general overview of the physical layer security in wireless smart grid and cover the effective countermeasures proposed in the literature of smart grid to date. We first investigate the security challenges from malicious attacks. Specifically, two typical forms of malicious attack in smart grid, namely, jamming and bad data injecting, are studied. In addition, the related countermeasures against these malicious attacks are illustrated. Further, we analyze the state of the art of the privacy issues in smart grid. The private information and privacy concerns are introduced, and then the effective solutions to privacy security are provided. Finally, voltage regulation, a security topic that has been hardly studied in the wireless smart grid domain, is presented. We expect that the work presented here will advance the research on smart grid security. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Low Carbon Operation of the High Carbon Sports Venues

Now, the low carbon economy has been becoming a new economy hot issue in the world. Using the high carbon sports venues as the case, this paper defines the low carbon operation from the view of the business administration based on the operation management theory, and expresses the important meanings of the low carbon operation of the venues, meanwhile proposes the related countermeasures of low carbon operation of the high carbon sports venues depending on the value engineering theory, therefore explores the new thoughts to develop the low carbon economy in China.

Safety countermeasures and crash reduction in New York City—Experience and lessons learned

Traffic fatalities and injuries constitute a major global public health problem and the United States has fallen behind other developed countries in traffic safety. Yet, New York City stands out as a traffic safety model in the nation with its low fatality rate and its significant reductions in various types of crashes. This study develops a safety framework that considers three principal axes that affect crashes: why, who, and where. While “why” concerns exposure, conflict, and speed, “who” and “where” consider the unique characteristics of the road users and the surrounding built environment. Grounded in this safety framework, the effectiveness of 13 safety countermeasures and street designs installed in New York City between 1990 and 2008 are evaluated using a two group pretest–posttest design. The potential regression-to-the-mean problem is addressed by applying the ANCOVA regression approach. The results show that signal related countermeasures that are designed to reduce conflicts: split phase timing, signal installations, all pedestrian phase, and increasing pedestrian crossing time, reduce crashes. Traffic calming measures, including road diets, are also found to have significant safety benefits. Countermeasures that are designed to alert drivers’ cognitive attention, such as high visibility crosswalks and posted speed limit reduction signs, appear to have a lesser effect. The various safety countermeasures implemented in New York City considered all three important dimensions in the safety framework: why, who, and where. The study suggests these strategies are likely to contribute to the large reductions in crashes in New York City. We also demonstrate that a rigorous quasi-experimental design can be readily deployed in transportation safety evaluation studies.

Study on the Demand, Present Situation and Development Countermeasure of Uranium Resources in China

The paper has introduced that Chinese nuclear power development plan and the present situation of domestic uranium resources, and pointed the ways and methods to increase possible new uranium resources. Based on the demand and situation, the new situation of uranium resources development of related countermeasures was proposed briefly in this article. First, it strengthens uranium exploration; prospecting for deep concealed deposit, fill the gaps, further find out favorable area of uranium mineralization. Second, it actively develops the exploitation of overseas uranium resource and looking for a variety of forms of investments, and adopts the flexible ways of cooperation, in order to increase the uranium resources as far as possible. Third, the mining industry structure was optimized, the technology level was improved, the production cost was reduced, and the scale of production was expanded, carried out the dominant role of mining and the subsidiary role of diversified economy of multiple structured management patterns to promote local economic rapid development. Fourth, it should be perfected related policy laws as well as regulations about uranium resources development, and establish a perfect system of assets income distribution.

Regional Logistics Information Resources Integration Patterns and Countermeasures

Abstract Effective integration of regional logistics information resources can provide collaborative services in information flow, business flow and logistics for regional logistics enterprises, which also can reduce operating costs and improve market responsiveness. First, this paper analyzes the realistic significance on the integration of regional logistics information. Second, this paper brings forward three feasible patterns on the integration of regional logistics information resources, These three models have their own strengths and the scope of application and implementation, which model is selected will depend on the specific business and the regional distribution of enterprises. Last, this paper discusses the related countermeasures on the integration of regional logistics information resources, because the integration of regional logistics information is a systems engineering, when the integration is advancing, the countermeasures should pay close attention to the current needs and long-term development of regional enterprises.

Reconstruct of Our Urban Community Planning System and New Study on the Realization Approach under the Low Carbon Vision

This paper based on the low carbon requirement of urban community planning to address the theory research and practice of low carbon urban community planning. And then make thorough analysis on the development trend and present status for domestic urban community planning. Then put forward related counter measures and suggestion for reconstruct of low carbon urban community planning system and feasible approaches, hope it could be provide some significance to the scientific decision making in the sustainable development of urban.

Precaution Policy and Investigation on Pollution Status of Rural Domestic Waste in Beijing

By investigating 18 villages of a town in Beijing, some pollution problems are shown as follows: collection and management system of waste is incomplete and the villagers know little about environment protection; garbage cans, many of which are damaged and lost, are far more to meet the disposal demand of increasing solid wastes; insufficient collecting vehicles run inefficiently, and simple landfill is the only disposal way. In the end, related countermeasures are put forward basing on analysis of region status.

Problems and Improvement of Filed Medical Equipment

Based on the experience of management and operation of filed medical equipment in hospital and the summary and thinking about maintenance itineration,the problems of filed medical equipment is analyzed through the aspects such as the design,operation,maintenance,management of field medical equipment.The related countermeasures and improvement are brought out.

Supply chain security—mitigation measures and a logistics multi-layered framework

Statistics show that large amounts of goods moved in distribution chains incur the risk for being stolen, counterfeited or contaminated. At the same time terror threats for smuggling weapons of mass destructions, or intentionally altering products, are pushing governments to require higher security from logistics and transport operators. As a consequence, supply chain managers have to face the difficult task of choosing among extensive sets of security solutions to protect their distribution networks. Many and conflicting analyses can be found in available scientific literature. Therefore this paper provides with an overview of available security solutions so as a framework to identify weak spots and related countermeasures in distribution chains. Moreover recommendations for managers and future research are put forward. A combination of methods is adopted: a literature search, a survey to collect security solutions, structured interviews, and collection and classification of the findings.

Analysis of hospital scientific research rewards to improve the management level of hospital scientific research

The scientific research achievements and possible impact factors were analyzed statistically in the hospital during the past 10 years,especially in 2007,and the analysis result showed the development trends of the scientific research and impact factors of rewards.Also,to improve medical scientific research and its management level,the author proposed the related countermeasures and suggestions in this artiele. Key words: Scientific research rewards; Statistic analysis; Hospital administration

Vacuum sealing drainage for limb wounds:complications and countermeasures

Objective To evaluate vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in limb wound care for better countermeasures against its related complications. Methods A retrospective study was done to analyze the outcome of 320 cases of VSD.The related complications,causes and countermeasures were statistically analyzed.The clinical effects Of 4 kinds of commonly used sealing membranes were cornpared. Results The block of drainage passage occurred in 309 cases(96.6%),being the commonest complication,for which the reopening technique was a good solution and precaution.Negative pressure sufficiency was found in 62 cases(19.4%)and could be resolved by alternative closing of partial drainage tubes.Of the 4 widely used sealing membranes,Tegaderm Transparent Dressing had the best clinical effect,but Surgical Adhesive Drape proved to be the most practicable in China.Of the 36 cases of serious wounds,35(97.2%)healed and their wound condition was ready for further skin graft or flap surgery after 2 times of VSD. Conclusions VSD works best in care of serious wounds,but it requires frequent observations and timely measures to minimize occurrence of complications. Key words: Trauma; Drainage; Complications

Noise pollution in intensive care unit and related counter measures

ICU是危重患者和先进监护设备集中的科室[1],其环境要求较普通病房高,特别是空气的清洁度和病室的安静度.但传统的观念使得医护人员往往更看重空气的清洁度,而对ICU内的噪音控制却常常忽略。

Research on Pedestrian Behavior and Traffic Characteristics at Unsignalized Midblock Crosswalk

Pedestrians are vulnerable road users of the traffic system. In China, many pedestrians lack a knowledge of traffic rules and are not fully aware of safety problems. A high-risk area for pedestrians, the unsignalized midblock crosswalk is a conflict zone between pedestrians and through vehicles. In this paper, behaviors and traffic characteristics of pedestrians walking through the unsignalized midblock crosswalk without being disturbed by other pedestrians are analyzed. The data, including pedestrian speed, waiting delay, and clustering, are obtained by counting and measuring with a video camera. Pedestrian behaviors are analyzed with the use of comparisons between various categories and through statistics analysis. Pedestrian behaviors are interpreted further by analyzing pedestrians’ tactics when they cross the street and the valid gap in the vehicle flow, based on observations and measurements of pedestrians starting to walk across and of vehicle arrivals. Finally, the similarities and differences between this research and other research is explained by comparing pedestrian speed studies. Results of this research will not only help improve research on pedestrian characteristics at interrupted pedestrian facilities but will also help in developing traffic safety audit work and related countermeasures.

Analysis of the Geomorphology and Environmental Geological Problems of Huzhou on the Yangtze River Delta

Abstract Geomorphically, Huzhou, which is on the Yangtze River delta is characterized mainly by plains, with small hills. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the environmental geological hazards both natural and those incurred by human activities in different morphologic units. The authors point out that most of the regional environmental geological problems in the natural geologic‐morphologic conditions, such as crustal stability, foundation of soft soil, soil waterlogging and soil erosion, have insignificant effects to the society, or related countermeasures of prevention and control have been adopted. But environmental geological problems incurred by human being's economic activities become more and more severe, for example, water and soil pollution and land subsidence in plain areas resulting from overexploitation of groundwater, and landslides, karst collapses and water and soil loss etc. caused by quarrying in hilly areas.

Control of Anthropogenic CH4 and N2O Emissions from Several Industrial Sources and from Daily Human Life

Recently, the control of non-CO2 greenhouse gases has attracted interest as a way to prevent global warming. Several research studies on the development and assessment of technologies to control CH4 and N2O emissions by human activities are under way. In the wastewater treatment field, the development of anoxic/oxic processes and the introduction of bacteria that effectively prevent N2O emission have been studied. Moreover, it has been clarified that eco engineering technologies such as artificial wetlands and soil trench systems are very effective, especially in developing countries. As for landfill disposal, CH4 oxidation by cover soil and the use of CH4 gas as a source of energy have very effectively reduced the emission of CH4. In the combustion field, it was clarified that N2O emissions vary according to the structure of each combustor and its operational conditions. And research and development concerning combustors and their optimum operational conditions are under way. Concerning automobile sources, characteristics of N2O emission from gasoline fueled vehicles installed with a catalyst were examined. Three way catalysts and so on are now being developed. Chemical industries, especially adipic acid production are another non-negligible N2O source, and cracking process related countermeasures have been applied. CH4 and N2O emissions from agricultural land are strongly dependent on the oxidation-reduction environment of soil and on fertilization, so they must be suitably managed. The development and management of ruminants feeding and suitable treatment of animal waste are very important ways to control CH4 and N2O from livestock. Research projects to improve the CH4 and N2O emission-absorption inventory, and to estimate the suitable technologies to control CH4 and N2O emission are now in progress. Combining these projects appropriately will develop technologies and systems and will make great contributions to the control of the emission of GHGs and to global warming.

China's water environment at the beginning of the 21st century: challenges and countermeasures

Water environment crisis is a common challenge throughout the world, and the situation is becoming worse. This paper analyzes the development trend of water environment worldwide, and then evaluates the status of China's water environment and the progress in the work of protection of the water environment. According to the future development of economy and society in China, the paper discusses the severe challenges in water environment that China faces at the beginning of the 21st century and proposes related countermeasures.