Relative Ion Research Articles

Givers and Takers: Clinical Biopsychological Perspectives on Relationship Behavior Patterns

To date, limited progress has been made in advancing a comprehensive biopsychological model to explain behavior patterns in human relationships. This paper describes such a model. A simplified description of a theory of cortical functioning is presented, followed by a discus sion of two patterns of human relationship behaviors that are explained within the context of the model. A comparison of the current model and the dominant Big Five model of personality traits is then briefly discussed. Conclusions focus on the need for future research to determine the effectiveness of a clinical biopsychology approach, including the accuracy of the relation ship patterns.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Industrialization on Economic Growth in China

According to the data of the time series from 1980 to 2011 in China, through establish multiple regression eco nometric mod el, th is study c arried ou t t he causa lity t est based on un it root and c ointegration analysis to co nduct th e em pirical analysis o n the relatio nship b etween C hina’s forei gn direct investment ( FDI), industrialization and economi c growt h. The result s show that: First, t he foreign di rect investment has a sig nificant effect on ec onomic growt h; s econd, indu strialization is negatively related to economic growth; third, in the long run, the proportion of the secondary industry output value a ccounting fo r r eal gross do mestic p roduct ( GDP) ma kes a neg ative cont ribution to economic growth. Go vernments sho uld devote their efforts to deve loping th e tertiary in dustry, meantime, to attract more FDI to China, should encourage more domestic investment, ensure political stability and make guided openness of t he economy the watchword in this era of global liberalization to trade and FDI policies in order to make FDI growth enhancing and economic growth in China.

50 years in search of the «longevity» gene

In many countries of the world mean life expectancy has lately significantly increased from 50 to 70-80 years. Twin studies have shown that genetic differences account for about 25% of the variance in adult human lifespan. However, the association with the life expectancy was proven for the only candidate gene - apolipoprotein gene, playing a great role in regulating lipoproteins metabolism. E2 allele of this gene is much more prevalent compared to E4 allele in people over 100. In animal models, single-gene mutations in genes involved in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 abnormal activation pathway and target of rapamycin signaling pathway have considerably extended the lifespan. The key link in regulating the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 abnormal activation pathway is the human forkhead box O3A transcription factor. A clear rel ationship between the lifespan and GG genotype of this gene in Japanese, German and French population was found. However, although candidate longevity genes are defined, their effects on the lifespan are still to be confirmed. Questions of gene products’ mutual influence and gene penetration are still undecided. Ethnical and geographical associations of different polymorphic alleles with aging and longevity are not completely clear. Therefore, further search and genetic and phenogenetic markers examination determining the lifespan is needed. Na+-Li+-сountertransport speed in the erythrocyte membrane, which is a genetically determined intermediate phenotype, may be one of those markers.

Aerosol, Ozone and Water Vapour Distributions Observed over Land and Sea Regions during INDOEX Field Phases

Extensive land- and ocean-based experiments involving active and passive remote sensing of aerosols and minor constituents have been conducted simultaneously over Pune and over the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea during the INDian Ocean EXperiment (INDOEX) field phases with an aim to study the interface between the polluted continental air-mass and pristine marine air-mass, and the underlying circulat ion and Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) phenomena, which mixes the polluted air mass from Northern hemisphere with the pristine air mass from the Southern hemisphere. In this communicat ion, we report some important findings of the special observational programs which were carried out during the First Field Phase (FFP) i.e. fro m 17 February to 31 March 1998 and Intense Field Phase (IFP) i.e. fro m 1 January to 31 March 1999 of the INDOEX. These programs involve synchronous measurements of aerosol, ozone and precipitable water vapor using ground-based lidar, sunphotometer / spectroradiometer and ozone / water vapor monitor at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM ), Pune, India, and aerosol characterization over the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea utilizing a mult i-channel solar radio meter installed onboard Ocean Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya ship. Besides significant deviations between aerosol features over the land and oceanic regions, the lidar derived aerosol colu mn content (ACC) in the boundary layer, and radio meter derived height-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) show significant trend and characteristic changes in aerosol size distribution over land during both FFP and IFP. Moreover, the IFP measurements indicate higher aerosol ext inction (particularly in the initial period) as co mpared to those of FFP. On some experimental days, the land AODs appear to be of the magnitude similar to those of marine AODs observed close to the Indian subcontinent and adjoining South Asian regions. The variations in AOD over land also show an association with those observed over ocean, particularly near the coast. Besides an increasing trend in total colu mn ozone throughout the IFP, it exhib its a specific relat ionship with those observed in AOD and water vapor over land. Co mparison between the boundary layer and total column AODs reveals that the observed increasing trend in AOD is not confined to the boundary layer alone but extends to higher altitudes with significant contribution fro m the former to the latter.

Leadership: A Systems Thinking Perspective

Accepting new paradigms are important to advancing scientific knowledge. Over the history of humanity, discoveries have been made because of the availab ility of new facts that would be either prev iously impossible or improbable for mult iple reasons. However, whenever one contextualizes the importance of leadership within the contemporary period of existence, one would find it difficult to dimin ish its contribution. Leadership makes or breaks organizations. Therefore, every facets of leadership should be scrutinized carefully; styles, types, reasons, and rewards, so that effective leadership can be appropriately placed and applied. Such broad perspectives may require further assistance because of missing links or inco mprehensible relat ionships. If such is the case, one may require broadening one's horizon by examining existing facts in new ways. The foregoing is a scrutiny of the broader perspectives of paradig ms and situating leadership appropriately within that massive scientific discourse.

Bringing High Level Meanings from an Image

Content-based image retrieval is a difficult area of research in mult imedia systems. The research has proved extremely difficult because of the inherent problems in proper auto mated analysis and feature extract ion of the image to facilitate proper classificat ion of various objects. To segment the image to ext ract mean ingful objects and then classify it in high-level like table, chair, car and so on has become a challenge to the researchers in the field. The gap between low-level features like color, shape, texture, spatial relat ionships and high-level definit ions of the images is called the semantic gap. It is very important we find a viable solution of how to ext ract meaningful definition of an image fro m low level features so that we can identify the image automatically without any human intervention. As we know billions of images are being generated fro m various sources all over and it's extremely time consuming and expensive to identify these images manually. When we can identify these vast number of images automatically without human intervention then we can classify them and create databases based on these classifications. These databases could then be used to enhance mach ine learning of artificial intelligence. Until we solve these problems in an effective way, the efficient processing and retrieval of info rmation fro m images will be difficu lt to achieve. In this paper we explore the possibilities of how we can ext ract high-level meanings fro m an image before or after the seg mentation of the image in an automat ized way. We attempt to use a database of data dictionary for the purpose which we believe has the potential for solving the problem of semantic gap in content-based image ret rieval.

Research of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> as Positive Electrode Materials

LiFePO4 is a promising cathode material for the next generation of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery. This paper introduces the research progress in recent years on LiFePO4 as positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. The methods of the preparation and modification, relation ship between structure and performance, and prospect of olivine-type lithium iron phosphate cathode materials was reviewed. Porous structures offer the potential to improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.

The Emergence of Chinese Multinational Companies (CMCs): Reality, Issues and Challenges

The theme of global rebalancing in economic power is now central to international economic analysis, and the issue of the presence and clout o f multinational companies from emerging markets has gained importance, in part because of h ighly publicised cases of acquisitions of (or attempts at acquiring) companies established in more mature markets, in part because of the uncertain role of sovereign funds in the global reshuffling of corporate ownership. The objective of this paper is to analyse the growing p henomenon of multi-nationalization of China’s companies. The paper makes a detailed analysis of 15 key Chine se Multinational Companies (noted CMCs), and looks at their performance (in absolute figures as well as in comparison with international peers), their strategies and the rela tionship with policy / political decisions. The analysis shows that such companies are already large by international standards, are growing very rapidly in size, are moving up in tech nology, and are profitable, notwithstanding a visible downtrend in this profitability over the recent years. They have in general clear internationalisation strategies, even though still at an early stage for most of them. Such internationalization strategies are closely linked to the country’s national or strategic objectives, notably for securing access to natural resources. The influence of political factors and the relation between corporates’ strategies and national objectives remain dominant factors for these CMCs’ development.

Modeling the efficiency of neutron detection scintillators in the energy range of 5–70 MeV

The instrumental functions for neutron godoscope detectors used in studying the ndbreakup reaction are obtained. The effect on light output of contributions from different processes that occur in a scin� tillator under the effect of neutrons is examined at different energies of the incident neutrons. The relation� ship between the detector's efficiency and neutron energies ranging from 5 to 70 MeV is obtained for different thresholds. DOI: 10.3103/S1062873812080308

Relationship Guidance Sources, Fears and Reasons for Marriage among Young Urban Christians in Kenya

Existing professional services for young people especially in developing countries need to be informed by the local situation for them to be effective. The study aimed at identifying sources of relationship guidance, young people's fea rs and reasons for marriage. 65 young Christians in Nairobi with an average age of 25.23 (sd.4.38) co mpleted a self -report questionnaire. Results indicate that the participants relied mainly on friends for relat ionship guidance. Social emot ional benefits, especially co mpanions hip, were the major motivation for young people to marry. Infidelity and divorce were the main sources of fear of marriage. Suggestions for research and practice are given.

Teachers’ Quality and Internal Efficiency in Primary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This paper examined teachers' quality and internal efficiency of primary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. As an expo facto and descriptive research, the study population comprised all the 694 primary schools in the State. Out of this, a sample of 520 primary schools was selected through the simp le random samp ling techniques. The headteachers of the 520 primary schools were the respondents in the study. A cohort of 91,061 pupils who entered the schools in 2003 and graduated in 2008 were purposively selected for the study. Two instruments were used to collect data. These were an inventory and a questionnaire. The data collected were analy zed using frequency counts, percentages, Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis, Correlat ion Matrix, Regression Analysis of Variance and Multiple Regression. It was found that teacher quality had significant relat ionship with the internal efficiency of primary schools in the State. The best predictor of internal efficiency of the schools was teacher qualifications. It was then reco mmended that the State govern ment should intensify more effort in the training of teachers in order to acquire higher qualifications that would enhance the internal efficiency of primary schools in the State.

Modelling Ports Investment and Island Economic Growth

The port is a gateway region's economy. Investment performance is important that an effective and efficient port to ensure smooth supply chain needs of the region and promote economic growth. This study aims to model the port investment relationship with economic growth. Quantitative analysis and econometric modeling is used in statistical testing, studies typically classified in two areas, namely: the north and south islands of Maluku. The northern and southern regions and the increase in the loading dock term investment to drive economic growth, but the number of visits relation ship with economic growth negative influence.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Semi-Apical Angle on Initial Peak Load and Plastic Work for Nonmetallic Tubes

This article investigate the effect of semi-apical angle on the collapse load characteristics of thin truncated circular cones during axial crumpling .The PVC tubes axial crumpling resistance (the relation ship between crumpling force and axial deflection) is described with mathematical models, which are derived depending on previous research and experimental present work .The mathematical models for present work gave good agreement with experimental results. The study showed that the values of initial peak load and plastic work decrease with increasing the semi-apical angle degree at constant thickness tubes and constant large diameter of end bottom of tubes and constant length.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BODY AND SCROTAL MEASUREMENTS, AND SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS IN YANKASA RAM

The study was conducted to determine the relationsh ips between body measurements, scrotal and seminal characteristics using 62 Yankasa rams at th e Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Body measurements related positively with testicular measurements (0.40-0.83). Body (0.27-0.4 8) and testicular (0.25-0.48) measurements were positively related to semen characteristics. Howeve r, the relationship between semen pH and sperm concentration was negative (-0.29 to -0.38), with t esticular dimension (-0.30 to -0.38) and with body measurements (-0.29 to -0.38). The study revealed t hat efficient fertility of Yankasa rams and subsequent conception rate in ewes would depend on the interactions of these variables.

Attitudes towards transplantation and medication among 121 heart, lung, liver and kidney recipients and their spouses

A transplant represents a decisive event for patients and their caregivers. This article deals with the attitudes patients and their spouses have towards the transplantation. In a cross-sectional study, 121 patients and their spouses were surveyed by questionnaire after a heart, lung, liver or kidney transplant. Attitudes were assessed by means of semantic differentials. Based on the results, an 'Attitudes towards Transplantation' Scale was developed. Sense of coherence (SOC-13), quality of life (Sf-36), quality of the relationship (RAS), burnout (BM) and the patient's emotional response to the transplant (TxEQ-D) were additional psychosocial variables measured in order to assess the association between the attitudes and psychosocial characteristics of transplant patients and their spouses. The majority of patients and their spouses reported positive attitudes towards the transplant, including the attitudes towards medication, their perceived self and fate of being a transplant patient or spouse. Patients and spouses, however, had a negative attitude towards the transplantation in terms of stress and anxiety. Patients reported greater emotional stress from the transplant and rated their post-transplant perceived fate more negatively than their spouses. Attitudes towards the transplant were significantly associated with the sense of coherence and the quality of relationship. The attitudes of patients and spouses to different aspects of the transplant itself and to being a transplant patient or spouse should be deliberately reconsidered and facilitated in the psychosocial counselling with regard to the comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness of the transplant experience as well as to potential conflicts in the partnership.

Semantically linking molecular entities in literature through entity relationships.

BackgroundText mining tools have gained popularity to process the vast amount of available research articles in the biomedical literature. It is crucial that such tools extract information with a sufficient level of detail to be applicable in real life scenarios. Studies of mining non-causal molecular relations attribute to this goal by formally identifying the relations between genes, promoters, complexes and various other molecular entities found in text. More importantly, these studies help to enhance integration of text mining results with database facts.ResultsWe describe, compare and evaluate two frameworks developed for the prediction of non-causal or 'entity' relations (REL) between gene symbols and domain terms. For the corresponding REL challenge of the BioNLP Shared Task of 2011, these systems ranked first (57.7% F-score) and second (41.6% F-score). In this paper, we investigate the performance discrepancy of 16 percentage points by benchmarking on a related and more extensive dataset, analysing the contribution of both the term detection and relation extraction modules. We further construct a hybrid system combining the two frameworks and experiment with intersection and union combinations, achieving respectively high-precision and high-recall results. Finally, we highlight extremely high-performance results (F-score >90%) obtained for the specific subclass of embedded entity relations that are essential for integrating text mining predictions with database facts.ConclusionsThe results from this study will enable us in the near future to annotate semantic relations between molecular entities in the entire scientific literature available through PubMed. The recent release of the EVEX dataset, containing biomolecular event predictions for millions of PubMed articles, is an interesting and exciting opportunity to overlay these entity relations with event predictions on a literature-wide scale.

Overview of the ID, EPI and REL tasks of BioNLP Shared Task 2011.

We present the preparation, resources, results and analysis of three tasks of the BioNLP Shared Task 2011: the main tasks on Infectious Diseases (ID) and Epigenetics and Post-translational Modifications (EPI), and the supporting task on Entity Relations (REL). The two main tasks represent extensions of the event extraction model introduced in the BioNLP Shared Task 2009 (ST'09) to two new areas of biomedical scientific literature, each motivated by the needs of specific biocuration tasks. The ID task concerns the molecular mechanisms of infection, virulence and resistance, focusing in particular on the functions of a class of signaling systems that are ubiquitous in bacteria. The EPI task is dedicated to the extraction of statements regarding chemical modifications of DNA and proteins, with particular emphasis on changes relating to the epigenetic control of gene expression. By contrast to these two application-oriented main tasks, the REL task seeks to support extraction in general by separating challenges relating to part-of relations into a subproblem that can be addressed by independent systems. Seven groups participated in each of the two main tasks and four groups in the supporting task. The participating systems indicated advances in the capability of event extraction methods and demonstrated generalization in many aspects: from abstracts to full texts, from previously considered subdomains to new ones, and from the ST'09 extraction targets to other entities and events. The highest performance achieved in the supporting task REL, 58% F-score, is broadly comparable with levels reported for other relation extraction tasks. For the ID task, the highest-performing system achieved 56% F-score, comparable to the state-of-the-art performance at the established ST'09 task. In the EPI task, the best result was 53% F-score for the full set of extraction targets and 69% F-score for a reduced set of core extraction targets, approaching a level of performance sufficient for user-facing applications. In this study, we extend on previously reported results and perform further analyses of the outputs of the participating systems. We place specific emphasis on aspects of system performance relating to real-world applicability, considering alternate evaluation metrics and performing additional manual analysis of system outputs. We further demonstrate that the strengths of extraction systems can be combined to improve on the performance achieved by any system in isolation. The manually annotated corpora, supporting resources, and evaluation tools for all tasks are available from http://www.bionlp-st.org and the tasks continue as open challenges for all interested parties.

First finds of noble metal minerals in amphibolite and quartzite of the Ilikanskii terrain (Southeastern Frame of the North Asian Craton)

The Ilikan terrain (or structural zone) is one of the largest structural elements of the Dzhugdzhur-Stano� voi superterrain (Fig. 1) in the southeastern area of the North Asian Craton. According to the existing con� cepts, it is composed of rock series of the same name related to the Stanovoi Complex, mainly biotite- hornblende, biotite, twomica, sometimes garnet� bearing gneisses, crystalline schists, amphibolites and pyroxene, amphibole schists, gneisses with garnet, biotite, sillimanite, corundum, hypersthenes, and amphibole (1, 2, and others). By now estimations of the Nd model age ( TNd(DM) = 2.6-3.2) Ga have been obtained for metamorphic rocks of the Ilikan series and the period of the forma� tion of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks (2700-2900 Ma) has been established (3). In addition there are data that the age of gabbroids intruding gneisses of the Ilikan series and synchronous structural metamorphic transformations under the conditions of the hightemperature amphibolite series is 2635 ± 4 Ma (4). The totality of the abovementioned materi� als provides evidence for the fact that the time of the formation of the Ilikan series may be limited to the range of 2630-2700 Ma; as this took place, Precam� brian formations underwent metamorphism and gran� itization at the time of 1.85-1.92 Ga and 127-130 Ma (2, 5, and others). Within the Ilikan terrain, among the stratified for� mations of the series of the same name (upper streams of the Mogot River, right tributary of the Gilyui River), the authors discovered thin bodies of magnetite quartzites, serpentinized dunites, pyroxenites, and amphibolites; the latter contain palladium tellurides, as well as native gold. In this study we present the first data on the mineral composition of noble metal min� eralization in the mentioned formations, and the model of its formation is suggested. As is known, ultrabasic-basic intrusions being derivates of mantle or basaltic melts, as well as their metamorphosed varieties host numerous known deposits of various ranks and manifestations of noble metals; moreover, they are perspective formations in relation to platinum metal mineralization (6-9 and others). However, in spite of the established relation� ships of the high concentration of platinum group ele� ments (PGEs) and gold with the mentioned forma� tions, study of the forms of occurrence of these ele� ments is often difficult because of their low concentrations and difficulties in diagnostics; thus, it is of high scientific interest. Until recently, the concentration of PGEs was

Stock Assessment and Potential management of Sardinella aurita Fisheries in the East Mediterranean sea (North Sinai coast).

Age, growth and population biology of Sardinella aurita were studies from a small fishery of East Mediterranean Sea (North Sina i coast). 4450 specimens ranged between 6 and 22.9 cm total length and varied from 3 to 77.1 g total weight, were collected from January to December, 2010. The relat ionship between length and weight was estimated as W=0.016 L 2.611 . Age was determined using scales reading technique and the longevity of this species was fou nd to be 4 years. Growth in length and in weight at the end of each year were calculat ed. The growth parameters of the Von-Bertalanffy equation were calculated as L �= 28.37cm, K= 0.2336 Yr -1 and t 0= 0.9808 Yr. Growth performance index O was estimated as 2.2742. Total, natural and fishing mortality rates were 0.99.7 Yr -1 , 0.3507 Yr -1 and 0.53 Yr -1 respectively. The currently exploitation rate (E=0.6) indicate that t he stock of S. aurita in North Sinai fishery is not overexploitation. The mean index of growth performance is lower than that for the another regions this may be related to unsuitable environment.

Construction Path analysis Model from DNA Microarray Data

A fundamental problem in hu man health is to predict the effect of genes that cause disease; this is an important step to diagnosis and treatment. Also predict ion gene functions are still a challenge for bio logists in the post-genomic era. DNA microarray simu ltaneously monitors expression levels thousands of genes; the massive gene expression data provide us with unique opportunities to analyze the functional and regulatory relat ionships among genes. In this paper, new approach to estimate the relationship among genes and the effects of each gene on diseases is proposed. This approach consists of four main steps: First, extract the subset of high informative genes. Second, constructing genes network; thus, we propose to predict a gene's functions according to its context graph, wh ich is defined as the gene interaction network co mposed of the genes interacting directly and indirectly based on focal gene. Third, path analysis model is used to estimate the effect of genes on the disease and among each other. Fourth, obtains the relation among genes and the target (disease) by applying logistic regression analysis for predict new samples. This approach evaluated by lung cancer Microarray dataset. The proposed path diagram fit the subset of top ranked genes expression dataset, the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) was > 0.832. The value of this approach is that it not only tackles the measurement problem by path analysis but also provides a visualization o f the relat ionship among genes. The proposed approach also is useful for feature reduction, due to evaluate all genes simultaneously vs. lung state.