Reissner's Fiber Research Articles

Electron microscopic studies on Reissner's fiber and the ependymal cells in the spinal cord of the rat.

Reissner's fiber is a compact bundle consisting of numerous straight, nonstriated filaments, about 50–100 A in diameter, embedded in a complicated fibrous network. The bundle contains many small spaces lacking filaments. Small membrane-bounded spherical bodies are often found in the interfibrillar spaces.

Dependence of normal tail regeneration in Xenopus larvae upon a diencephalic factor in the central canal

Tail regeneration inXenopus larvae is substantially reduced and morphologically disturbed if the continuity of the neural tube at the base of the tail is permanently impaired. This operation is believed to block the transport of a growth factor derived from the diencephalic roof and transmitted to the regeneration site via the central canal. The following experimental data support this hypothesis: 1. Tails transplanted into host larvae and partially amputated after revascularisation but without connection between the transplant and the host neural tube regenerate in the same abnormal manner as do tails in larvae without a continuous neural tube. 2. Simple transsection of the neural tube followed by reunion of the separated parts allows of normal regeneration of the tail provided the patency of the central canal is restored. 3. Occlusion of the ventricles of the brain by injection of agar does not affect normal tail motility but causes the same atypical tail regeneration as does discontinuity of the neural tube. 4. Coagulation of the telencephalon and major parts of the mesencephalic roof leaves tail regeneration unimpaired provided the operation did not lead to an obstruction behind the third ventricle; destruction of the diencephalon has the same effect on regeneration as severance of the neural tube. This effect may still be observed if only a very small part of the diencephalic roof containing the subcommissural organ is coagulated. 5. According to literature the subcommissural organ gives rise to the Reissner's fibre which passes the whole length of the central canal and releases its secretion through the wall of the terminal vesicle into the surrounding tissues. Therefore the subcommissural organ might well be the source of the postulated factor promoting tail regeneration.

Subcommissural organ and Reissner's fibre of the tortoise under conditions of osmotic stress

Subcommissuralorgan (SCO) und Reissnerscher Faden (RF) von drei verschiedenen Schildkrotenarten wurden unter osmotischer Belastung lichtmikroskopisch untersucht. Erganzend zu einer fruheren Ependymstudie von Fleischhauer (1957) wird ein rostral im Recessus mesocoelicus gelegener Anteil des SCO beschrieben, der sich durch Vakuolen und Ganglienzellen im Hypendym, sowie durch sein flaches, kubisches Ependym vom typischen Organaufbau abhebt. Der Reissnersche Faden schliest sich unter osmotischer Belastung der Tiere nicht zu einem kompakten Sekretfaden, sondern gestaltet sich im Bereich des 3. Ventrikels zu einem reusenahnlichen Netzwerk mit je einem basalen und dorsalen Verdichtungsstrang. Es fallen deutliche Unterschiede in der Struktur des geronnenen Liquors innerhalb und auserhalb des Netzwerkes auf. Die lagemasige Beziehung des dorsalen Zentrums dieses Systems zu einem Sulcus medialis tecti schliest Ependym und Hypendym des Ventrikeldaches in die Untersuchung mit ein. Lage und Ausdehnung einer hypendymalen Ganglienzelleiste mit sekretorischer Potenz und Beziehung zu Kapillaren regen zu der Annahme an, das auch die basalen Ependymanteile des SCO von Ganglienzellen abstammen. Entsprechend dem hohen Gehalt an Acetylneuraminsaure (Sialinsaure) und biogenen Aminen wird vermutet, das dem RF im Liquor eine Bedeutung als organischer Ionenaustauscher zukommt (SteRBA,1969). Die beobachtete Netzbildung bietet eine Oberflachenvergroserung, die fur einen Ionenaustauscher eine gunstige Voraussetzung darstellt.

Autoradiographical investigation of the growth of Reissner's fibre in the carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Vom Subkommissuralorgan (SKO) und dem Reissnerschen Faden (RF), dem Ependym und anderen Bereichen des ZNS sowie Organen der Leibeshohle des Karpfens (Cyprinus carpio L.) wurden 4 Std bis 76 Tage nach 35S-Cystinapplikation und histologischer Aufbereitung Autoradiogramme hergestellt und untersucht. 1. Markiertes Material in den Sekretzisternen der Zellen des SKO liegt 4 Std nach der Injektion von 35S-Cystin vor. Die 35S-Cystinkonzentration im SKO und im RF ist im allgemeinen groser als die Anreicherung von aktivem Material in den ubrigen untersuchten Hirnbereichen. Die Gewebe bzw. Organe konnen nach der Menge des eingebauten 35S zu folgender Reihe geordnet werden: Langerhanssche Inseln>Plexus>neurosekretorische Zellen>Ependym> Cerebellum>Commissura posterior. 2. Das tagliche Wachstum (Wachstumsrate) des RF betragt 0,5–2,3% der Lange des Hirn-Ruckenmarkkanales vom SKO bis zur Ampulla terminalis. Die Fadensubstanz passiert das Hirnhohlraumsystem in etwa 42–221 (durchschnittlich 64) Tagen. Die vom SKO des Karpfens abgegebene Sekretmenge (Sekretionsrate) betragt 0,3·10−4 bis 4,0·10−4 mg/Tag, d.h. etwa 0,5–5% des Eigengewichtes des Organes. 3. Die Gesamtmasse des RF vom SKO bis zur Ampulla terminalis betragt bis zu etwa 1,7·10−2 mg. Dieser Wert entspricht einer Menge von etwa 260 mg RF-Substanz auf 100g Liquor. Der RF gibt wahrend seines Wachstums durch das Hirnkammersystem keine markierten Substanzen ab. Durch Diffusion gelangt Aktivitat aus dem umgebenden Liquor in den RF. 4. Die 35S-Aktivitat in den Ependymzellen des Filum terminale und der Endampulle, im Liquor und im nicht markierten RF dieser Bereiche ist groser als in den Ependymzellen, im Liquor und im nicht markierten RF anderer Ruckenmarksabschnitte.

Studies on the structure, ultrastructure and function of the subcommissural organ-Reissner's fibre complex of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L.

The Subcommissural organ (SCO) of the European eel consists of tall columnar cells which secrete Reissner's fibre (RF) into the third ventricle and store colloid-like materials of differing electron densities in their hypendymal regions. The cells of the SCO carry large cilia and numerous microvilli.

Incorporation of sulphur-35 into the subcommissural organ and Reissner's fibre.

THE subcommissural organ (SCO) is a specialized area of the ependymal border below the commissura posterior and it occurs in the brain of all vertebrates. In most species the products of apical secretion from the SCO may pass, as does Reissner's fibre, through the ventricles of the brain and the central canal to the posterior end of the spinal cord1,2. The function of the SCO is not yet known.

Polarization optical properties of Reissner's fiber

Polarization optical properties of Reissner's fiber

Secretory activity of the flexural and subcommissural organs in the early developmental stages of Triturus alpestris Laur

The development of Reissner's fibre (RF) by secretory activity of the flexural and subcommissural organ was studied in early ontogenetical stages ofTriturus alpestris. In young stages RF arises from the flexural organ, which gradually reduces its secretory activity in the following stages. Now the secretion of the subcommissural organ becomes predominant and begins to form the RF. After the hatching of larvae, only the subcommissural organ produces the RF.

Das r�umliche Bild des neurosekretorischen Systems der V�gel unter normalen und experimentellen Bedingungen

1. Two techniques are described for the demonstration of neurosecretory material in in toto preparations of the hypothalamus of birds. These permit the study and analysis of the three-dimensional relationships within the hypothalamic neurosecretory system in a cleared and transparent tissue block. The techniques have been applied to the following species: White-crowned Sparrow, Zebra Finch, House Sparrow, chicken, duck and pigeon. 2. The first method is adapted from the Victoria Blue technique that was first applied by Braak (1962) for in toto demonstration of the neurosecretory system of fish. The Braak method is based on the Humberstone-Sloper procedure. The required oxidation is effected with performic acid. In addition to the accumulation of Victoria Blue-positive material in the neural lobe there is a second storage site in the palisade layer of the median eminence. 3. The second method is one that we have developed for paraldehyde-fuchsin staining in toto, also following performic acid oxidation. With paraldehyde-fuchsin it is possible to demonstrate greater amounts of neurosecretory material than with Victoria Blue. The paraldehyde-fuchsin in toto method is basically useful for the demonstration of avian neurosecretory nuclei. It is possible to demonstrate the three-dimensional relationships of the neurosecretory bundles rostrad to the median eminence and the palisade-like systems of the zona externa. The infundibular portion of the neurosecretory pathway appears loaded with neurosecretory material. 4. In frogs (Rana temporaria L.) the paraldehyde-fuchsin method also produces a three-dimensional staining of the subcommissural organ and the Reissner's fiber. 5. After photographic documentation in toto, the stained and cleared tissue block can be embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially for a more detailed structural analysis. The totally stained avian hypothalamus can be converted into permanent preparation by embedding in Canada balsam or some other resin. 6. The comparison of osmotically stressed (0.3–0.5 M NaCl) specimens of Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii with non-stressed birds was particularly striking in tissue blocks. The neurosecretory material in the median eminence (palisade layer) of osmotically stressed birds, in contrast to the neural lobe, did not show a detectable decrease. 7. The in toto preparations with paraldehyde-fuchsin and Victoria Blue provide a total three-dimensional picture of the neurosecretory system of the avian hypothalamus. They permit a rapid examination of a large number of specimens, and often can eliminate the necessity of subsequent preparation of serial sections and reconstructions. Further possible uses of this technique are discussed.

Subcommissural ependyma and pineal organ development in human fetuses

The pineal regions of five human fetuses of 180–230 mm crown-heel lengths have been investigated in serial sections. Man possesses a subcommissural organ at these ages which has glandular properties and closely resembles that of most subhuman animals. The subcommissural secretion, which is discharged into the cerebrospinal fluid, does not, however, form a Reissner's fiber. The subcommissural epithelium is extensively distributed in the epithalamus, and it is found in the pineal diverticulum as well, where the cells have the same glandular properties. The posterior lobe of the pineal organ is apparently built up from this specialized ependyma, and there are signs that the ependymal cells may retain their secretory properties for some time in the developing pineal organ.

The fine structure of the subcommissural cells and of Reissner's fibre in Myxine.

Reissner's fibre and the subcommisssural cells mainly from Myxine were investigated by light and electron microscope methods. The subcommissural cells carry several cilia and produce a chrome haematoxyphile secretion in the form of granules. It is probable that the nucleus as well as the mitochondria are involved in the synthesis of this material. The secretory release suggests an apocrine type in which the granules swell and form a fine-granulated, chrome haematoxyphile substance in the ventricle. Caudally in the subcommissural canal this material condenses to form Reissner's fibre, which in electron micrographs, except for a fine-granulated ground substance, does not show any structures, a limiting membrane or traces of cell organelles or remnants.

On the ending of Reissner's fiber in the filum terminale of the spinal cord.

On the ending of Reissner's fiber in the filum terminale of the spinal cord.

On the Secretory Pathway of the Subcommissural Organ

The author investigated the secretory pathways of the subcommissural organ of Bufo vulgaris by a modification of HALMI's staining and the silver impregnation, and obtained following results.Secretory granules in the cells of the subcommissural organ run in a winding line from the dorsal pole of the cells of the organ towards the dorsal surface of the mid-brain through the posterior commissure, and the granules accumulate on the end of the granular fiber at the dorsal surface of the mid-brain. From these morphological feature, it is supposed that the secretory granules of the subcommissural organ are secreted into the dorsal meningeal space.It is also supposed that some of the secretory granules in the cells of the subcommissural organ are secreted ventrally into the REISSNER's fiber or directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle, as demonstrated by some investigators.

The cytology of the subcommissural organ. Reissner's fiber, periventricular glial cells and posterior collicular recess of the rat's brain.

The cytology of the subcommissural organ. Reissner's fiber, periventricular glial cells and posterior collicular recess of the rat's brain.

Studies in neurosecretion. I. Preoptico-subcommissural neurosecretory system in the eel (Anguilla japonica).

The topography and anatomy of a neurosecretory system in the eel, Anguilla japonica, to which a name preoptico-subcommissural neurosecretory system is proposed, being composed of some of the large nerve cells of the preoptic nucleus, the so-called Reissner's fiber and the subcommissural organ, are described. It is morphologically demonstrated that the Reissner's fiber represents significant union of thick axons arising from the pars magnocellularis of the preoptic nucleus, along which neurosecretory material is traceable posteriorly and dorsally as far up as to the subcommissural organ at the base of the epiphyseal stalk. The organ, being incorporated in the neurosecretory system concerned, is deduced to be of functional significance as a storage-release center.

The cytology and histochemistry of the subcommissural organ and Reissner's fiber in rodents.

The cytology and histochemistry of the subcommissural organ and Reissner's fiber in rodents.

THE PINEAL REGION OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN: ITS MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY IN RELATION TO FUNCTION

THE PINEAL REGION OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN: ITS MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY IN RELATION TO FUNCTION

The structure and staining reactions of the reissner's fiber apparatus, particularly the subcommissural organ

The structure and staining reactions of the reissner's fiber apparatus, particularly the subcommissural organ

Concerning Reissner's fiber in teleosts

Concerning Reissner's fiber in teleosts

Some experiments on the nature and function of reissner's fiber

Journal of Comparative NeurologyVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 117-199 Article Some experiments on the nature and function of reissner's fiber George E. Nicholls, George E. Nicholls Beit Memorial Fellow Zoological Department, King's College, LondonSearch for more papers by this author George E. Nicholls, George E. Nicholls Beit Memorial Fellow Zoological Department, King's College, LondonSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1917 https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.900270202Citations: 24AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume27, Issue2February 1917Pages 117-199 RelatedInformation