Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Support Research Articles

Effects of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube and Silicon Carbide Reinforcement on Wear Performance in Zinc-Aluminium Alloys

In this study, hybrid composite materials were produced by adding SiC (Silicon carbide) and MWCNT (Multi-walled carbon nanotube) to Zinc-Aluminium (ZA40) alloy, sintering under 700 MPa pressure and 500 °C using mechanical alloying and hot press technique. Hybrid samples were produced with 2% MWCNT constant and SiC ratio 1-2-3 and 4% by weight in the mixtures. The mechanical properties such as hardness and porosity of the produced hybrid composite materials were determined and their wear properties were investigated by traveling 300 m using 10 and 20N loads under 300 rpm constant speed in a ball-on-disc wear test setup. The obtained internal structure and wear surface images showed that the SiC and MWCNT reinforcement contributed significantly to the wear resistance of the hybrid composites, and in the SEM analyzes of the worn surfaces, there was a transition from abrasive wear to adhesive wear in the wear mechanism.

Development of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Reinforced Thermal Responsive Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhanced Mechanical and Shape Recovery Characteristics in 4D Printing Applications.

The mechanical and shape-recovery characteristics of 4D-printed thermally responsive shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) reinforced with two types of reinforcements, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), are investigated in the present study. Three weight percentages of reinforcements (0, 0.5, and 1) in the SMPU matrix are considered, and the required composite specimens are obtained with 3D printing. Further, for the first time, the present study investigates the flexural test for multiple cycles to understand the 4D-printed specimens' flexural behavior variation after shape recovery. The 1 wt% HNTS-reinforced specimen yielded higher tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. On the other hand, 1 wt% MWCNT-reinforced specimens exhibited quick shape recovery. Overall, enhanced mechanical properties were observed with HNT reinforcements, and a faster shape recovery was observed with MWCNT reinforcements. Further, the results are promising for the use of 4D-printed shape-memory polymer nanocomposites for repeated cycles even after a large bending deformation.

Structural, morphological and electrochemical characterization of the degradation processes during the oxygen reduction reaction of iron(II) phthalocyanine supported on carbon nanotubes

A non-noble metal catalyst (Fe-Nx@MWCNTs), which was prepared by wet impregnation of surface-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) and heat treatment, as well as the functionalized MWCNTs without FePc were examined towards their performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in neutral media and their structural properties during electrochemically forced degradation. Electroanalytical methods as well as in situ-Raman microscopy and ex situ-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were applied at different levels of a two-stage accelerated stress test (AST). In particular, the comparability between the electrochemical, the in situ-Raman and the ex situ-XPS setup was confirmed. It was found that the iron central atom was leached out of the Fe-Nx-complex during the first stage of the AST causing a decline of ORR activity, still higher than that of the MWCNT support, which remained unaffected. During the second stage, the samples were subjected to stronger electrochemical stress by cycling to highly positive potentials, causing the formation of surface groups and an increase of double layer capacitance. The high potentials also destroy remaining catalytic NC moieties and the ORR activity of the catalyst approaches that of the bare support. With ongoing AST cycling, the overall current of the samples is heavily reduced which is attributed to loss of electric conductivity of the sample backbone by further oxidation.

Non-linear buckling analysis of MWCNT reinforced hybrid composite shell subjected to hydrostatic pressure: A numerical and experimental investigation

The present study is focused on the numerical and experimental investigation of the non-linear buckling behavior and ply-failure analysis of a hybrid composite shell under uniform hydrostatic pressure exposed on its outer surface. Laminated composite shells made of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforcement are considered for the investigation. The critical buckling pressure is numerically determined by performing a buckling analysis on a hybrid composite shell with consideration of various non-linearities such as material non-linearity, geometric non-linearity, and geometric imperfection using the commercially available software ANSYS®. The governing non-linear differential equations of composite shell structures are solved using the arc-length approach and non-linear finite element analysis. The nanotubes dispersion, distribution, structural integrity, aspect ratio, functional group, and purity level of CNT reinforcement with epoxy matrix materials are quantified using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The elastic and plastic properties of the GFRP lamina with and without MWCNT reinforcement are experimentally determined based on ASTM D3039. The critical buckling pressure obtained through experiments on a GFRP composite shell with and without MWCNT reinforcement is compared with the results obtained from the numerical analysis to validate the effectiveness of the present numerical model. Parametric studies are undertaken to investigate the first ply failure analysis, the effect CNT reinforcement, aspect ratio of MWCNT, and different lamination sequences on the critical buckling pressure of the composite shell. It was observed that the Von-Misses stresses developed on the composite structures with ply angles of either all layers as 0° or combination of ply angles with 0° and 90° is always less than those of the structures having ply-angles such as 45° and 60°, irrespective of CNTs reinforcement. Furthermore, the highest critical buckling pressure was obtained with reinforcement of 1.5 wt% MWCNT in the composite shell with ply orientation of [90°]4s.

Influence of process variables on wear testing of aluminium-silicon/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Design of experiments and analysis of variance techniques have been used in the current study to examine the wear behavior of aluminum-silicon/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite. Variables that are considered for the assessment of wear included multi-walled carbon nanotubes concentration, applied load, operating speed, distance traversed, and temperature. Results have shown that the 0.5 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminum-silicon alloy had the highest wear resistance. Systematic examination of variables showed that the applied load is the dominating factor that influenced the wear behavior. The improved wear resistance of the nanocomposite was found due to the reinforcement of the multi-walled carbon nanotube.

Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fiber Reinforcements on the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Hybrid Mg-AZ91D Nanocomposites.

Magnesium matrix composites are extensively used in automotive and structural applications due to their low density, high strength, and wear-resistant properties. To reach the scope of industry needs, research is carried out regarding enhancing the mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composites by reinforcing the nano-sized reinforcements. In the present work, research has been carried out to enhance the properties of the magnesium AZ91D hybrid composite by reinforcing carbon fibers (CFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with varying weight percentages (AZ91D + 0.5% CF’s + 0.5% MWCNT and AZ91D + 0.75% CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT, respectively). The experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical and tribological behavior of the composites. The test results showed that the addition of CF and MWCNT reinforcements improved the hybrid Mg composite’s hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength compared to the base Mg matrix. The AZ91D + 0.75% CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT hybrid composite showed a 19%, 35%, and 66% increased hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength, respectively, compared to the base Mg AZ91D. The wear test results also showed the improved wear resistance of the Mg composite compared to the base matrix. The enhanced wear resistance of the composite is due to the addition of hard MWCNT and CF reinforcements. The wear rate of the AZ91D + 0.75%CF’s + 0.75% MWCNT composite for a load of 30 N at a sliding distance of 1500 m is lower as compared to the base matrix. The SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed the existence of abrasive wear. The improved mechanical and tribological behavior of the magnesium composite is also due to the homogeneous distribution of the hard reinforcement particles along the grain boundaries.

Role of carbonaceous reinforcements on mechanical properties and micro-scratch behaviour of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2

An efficient 3 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (3YSZ) based composite was developed for structural application. The role of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) on evolution of phases and microstructural features in the 3YSZ-based composites that affect the mechanical and tribological properties of composites have been investigated in the present study. Here, the spark plasma sintered 3YSZ composites with 1, 2 and 4 wt% of MWNT and GNP reinforcement were synthesised. Sintered composites retained the tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2, high-temperature phase) along with the formation of ZrC with the addition of GNP/MWNT, which marginally improves the mechanical properties of the composite. The marginal enhancement in hardness and elastic modulus with GNP and MWNT reinforcement is attributed to the synergistic effect of grain refinement, densification, phases and distribution. The composite with 2 wt% of MWNT showed marginal improvement in the indentation fracture toughness (7.2 MPa m0.5) compared with monolithic 3YSZ by crack deflection, MWNT bridging & pull-out mechanism. Further, the average scratch toughness of the 3YSZ-GNP/MWNT based composite is measured as 1.99–2.15 MPa m0.5 derived from progressive load scratching. The scratch toughness with 1.5–3.3 times lower than the indentation fracture toughness is attributed to the elastic recovery during scratching and non-uniform distribution of phases in the composites. Further, the optimum value of hardness, elastic modulus, indentation fracture toughness, and scratch toughness of 2 wt% of MWNT reinforced 3YSZ composite is found suitable for structural applications.

Development of electrically conductive hybrid composites with a poly(lactic acid) matrix, with enhanced toughness for injection molding, and material extrusion-based additive manufacturing

In this study, we developed electrically conductive nano- and hybrid composites with a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix for different melt processing technologies. We used short carbon fiber and multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforcements to enhance electric conductivity. We prepared the composite compounds with twin-screw extrusion; then the compounds were processed via injection molding and fused filament fabrication. We showed that electric conductivity only slightly increased by when only carbon nanotubes were added to the PLA matrix. However, when carbon fibers were added to the nanocomposites, the higher shear during melt mixing helped the uniform dispersion of the carbon nanotubes, resulting in a highly conductive reinforcement network in the composite. On the other hand, the hybrid reinforcement resulted in higher viscosity, making melt processing difficult and the material also became more brittle. Therefore, we added an oligomeric lactic acid plasticizer to the hybrid composites, and produced specimens by injection molding and 3D printing. The tensile strength increased by 140% and the elongation at break increased by 56%, and at the same time, the electrical conductivity of the material remained at a high level.

Influence of multiwalled carbon nanotube on progressive damage of epoxy/carbon fiber reinforced structural composite

AbstractThe present work aims to demonstrate the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on mechanical behavior and damage of woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites through experimental characterizations and multi‐scale modeling. Tensile tests were conducted for MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites, and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced laminated open hole composites with different MWCNT weight ratios. The tensile modulus in CNT/epoxy nanocomposite was enhanced by 15.0%, 37.86%, and 22.86% for MWCNT reinforcement of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% wt, respectively. The corresponding improvement of tensile modulus for woven composites was 3.45%, 10.25%, and 1.53%; whereas tensile strength was increased by 19.76%, 25.78%, and 6.70%. The enhancement of tensile modulus and strength was less for 1.5% wt MWCNT laminates due to the formation of MWCNT agglomeration. The effective elastic isotropic/orthotropic properties for nanocomposite/woven composite were estimated through Mori‐Tanaka approach and numerical homogenization. The finite element simulations were performed with Hashin's damage model and extended finite element method‐based crack growth study. The delaminations between layers have been demonstrated through cohesive zone modeling. Damage propagation, interface delamination, and fiber/matrix failure were demonstrated by numerical simulations in line with scanning electron microscope observations.

Multi-scale reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes / polyvinyl alcohol fibers on lightweight engineered geopolymer composites

This study introduces a multi-scale reinforced lightweight engineering geopolymer composite (LW-EGC) with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and PVA fibers. Ten groups of LW-EGCs with different functionalized MWCNTs and PVA fiber contents were designed. The flowability, mechanical properties, chemical characterization, and microstructure of the LW-EGCs were analyzed. The tensile strain was predicted by mid-span displacement. The results showed that LW-EGC-2.5–0.15 containing 2.50% PVA fibers and 0.15% functionalized MWCNTs had the maximum flexural and compressive strength (10.08 MPa and 36.78 MPa, respectively). Compared with the reference group, they increased by 208.57% and 22.60%, respectively. LW-EGC-2.0-0.15 had the maximum tensile strain capacity (7.52%), and the corresponding initial cracking strength and peak strength were 2.00 MPa and 2.61 MPa, respectively. It had excellent crack control ability, and the crack width was only 45.26 μm. In addition, the calculation results of bending toughness indexes and the residual bending strength indexes showed that LW-EGC had high bending toughness. EDS analysis showed that C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H were the main geopolymer products.

Effect of MWCNT on mechanical characterization of glass/carbon hybrid composites

In this present study, the mechanical properties of Glass/Carbon hybrid composite reinforced with epoxy resin with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated. The composite under Experimental analysis were fabricated by using both Hand layup and Vacuum bag moulding processes. The main purpose of including MWCNT as a reinforcement material with epoxy is to reduce the existence of voids or cavities and to enhance the mechanical properties of Glass/Carbon hybrid composites. Because of their extraordinary mechanical properties and high aspect ratio, MWCNTs are considered to be ideal candidates for polymer reinforcement. The percentages of MWCNT selected for the study are 2%, 3% and 4% with the hybrid composites. The effect of MWCNT on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and percentage of water absorption of the hybrid composites were determined as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The result from the study shows that the mechanical properties of hybrid composites were improved with the addition of small amount of MWCNT than without MWCNT. The fractured specimen from Tensile test is examined by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX)to study the alignment of the fibres, fibre-matrix adhesion, voids and filler agglomeration. This investigation provides proper guidelines to designers on enhancing mechanical properties of Glass/Carbon composite structures through MWCNT reinforcement for Aircraft structural components.

Influence of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes reinforced honeycomb core on vibration and damping responses of carbon fiber composite sandwich shell structures

AbstractIn the present study, vibration and damping characteristics of the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforced honeycomb embedded sandwich composite shell structures have been investigated numerically using finite element (FE) method. The efficacy of the FE method by deriving the governing equations using higher order theory is verified by comparing the natural frequencies assessed using ABAQUS 3D FE model. The influence of MWCNT reinforcement, support condition, and radius of curvature on the dynamic performance of honeycomb sandwich shell with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite face sheets are explored. In addition, the optimal ply orientations of the various configurations of CFRP sandwich shells with MWCNT/GFRP honeycomb are identified using the developed FE model coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) to enrich the natural frequencies and loss factors. Further, it can be observed that the reinforcement of MWCNTs in honeycomb core, geometry of shell structure, and optimal ply orientations significantly influences the natural frequencies and loss factors of the sandwich composite shell structures.

Carbon Nanotube‐Based Reinforced Polymers for Medical Applications: Improving Impact Strength of Polymer‐Polymer Composites

There is a continuous need for innovative biomaterials with advanced properties to meet the biomechanical requirements of orthopedic implants and interventional devices. Recent research findings show that using material composites leads to significantly improved properties, which are beneficial for medical applications. Therefore, this work aims at studying polymer‐polymer composites of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which were mixed with and without reinforcement of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in two steps. An extensive characterization workflow including mechanical tensile tests, tribological performance, and surface characteristics was used to analyze the reinforced polymer‐polymer composite samples. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the developed MWCNT‐reinforced samples achieved better performance, due to a higher yield point that is the highest in the sample with 48.5% HDPE‐50% UHMWPE‐0.5% MWCNTs, a higher value in the hardness test peaking in the sample with 49.5% HDPE‐50% UHMWPE‐0.5% MWCNTs, and a lower friction coefficient in HDPE‐UHMWPE‐MWCNTs samples. Overall, the reinforcement of polymer‐polymer composites with MWCNTs led to a significant improvement of the material characteristics required for the designated use in orthopedic implants and interventional biopsy needles, which will lead to improved clinical results.

Fabrication, characterization and mechanical testing of carbon fiber sandwich composites with nanoparticle included polyurethane adhesives

In honeycomb core and composite face sheet sandwich panels, it is essential to understand the bonding characteristics of adhesive in relevance with its properties to observe synergistic effects of reinforcing nanoparticles such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). This study investigates the effects of MWCNT inclusion on polyurethane (PU) adhesive, which directly affects sandwich structures' structural and mechanical performance. MWCNTs are added to PU adhesive up to 0.2%, and their RAMAN spectroscopic analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential-scanning calorimetry analyses (DSC) are evaluated. Aluminum honeycomb carbon-fiber-reinforced composite (CFRC) sandwich panels are fabricated using an out-of-autoclave manufacturing process. Carbon-fiber prepreg is used for top/bottom face sheets. Mechanical strength of face/core bonding evaluated as a function of MWCNT addition and core cell sizes. Manufactured sandwich composite structures are investigated for flat-wise tensile strength and three-point bending strength. Results show that MWCNT reinforcement to PU adhesive and lower cell size increases bending and flat-wise tensile resistances.

Process optimization for enhanced tribological properties of Al/MWCNT composites produced by powder metallurgy using artificial neural networks

In order to eliminate the agglomeration problem of reinforcement in the nanocomposite, a two-step dispersion process was employed. Under ultra-sonication and ball milling, 1 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were properly dispersed in pure aluminum (Al) (used as the matrix phase). The composite powder mixture was then consolidated in an inert Ar gas atmosphere by hot pressing under certain fabrication parameters. The powder mixture was characterized by Raman Spectroscopy, and it was found that MWCNTs did not cause structural defects in the pre-production process. The microstructural analysis of the sintered composites by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), revealed that the reinforcement was uniformly distributed in the matrix. Wear test results indicated that the wear resistance of the composites increased with increase of MWCNT reinforcement, and the wear mechanism was determined to be a mixing type by examining the wear traces by SEM. In order to determine the effects of different process parameters on wear loss, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used, and experimental and predicted values were compared. It was noticed that the MLP based ANN model effectively evaluated the wear properties of the Al/MWCNT composites.

Mechanism and characterization of polydopamine modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforcement of natural rubber latex composites

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are generally applied to reinforce macromolecular material due to their low density, high thermal conductivity, and high elastic modulus. However, the reinforcement effect of MWCNTs is not significant due to their poor dispersion. In this paper, we modified MWCNTs by using polydopamine (PDA). We found this is the best way to improve the dispersity of MWCNTs. We characterized the π-π conjugation reaction between MWCNTs and polydopamine by TGA, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated the physical adsorption of PDA did not change the structure of MWCNTs. Besides, we also tested the mechanical properties of PDA modified MWCNTs reinforcement of Natural Rubber Latex Composites (PDA/MWCNTs/NRL). We found that when the mass ratio of MWCNTs to PDA was 1:0.3, the tensile strength and tear strength of PDA/MWCNTs/NRL composites increased by 25% and 53%, respectively. These results indicated that the surface modification of PDA improved the dispersion of MWCNTs in PDA/MWCNTs/NRL. In addition, combined with the test results and the sliding theory of the rubber macromolecular chain, we first proposed the reinforcement mechanism of MWCNTs in natural rubber matrix composites and described it in detail through pictures.

Dependence of secondary operations in powder metallurgy and their impact on the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs/Cu nanocomposites

This study reports the electrical conductivity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded copper nanocomposites. Copper-based nanocomposites are prepared by the powder metallurgy route method with two different secondary operations, (i) hot pressing and (ii) rolling. The MWCNTs doping weight percentage used are 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt% of copper (or base material). The four-point probe technique is used to measure the electrical resistance of the prepared samples. The experimental results showed that MWCNTs reinforcement increased the electrical resistance of the copper. Moreover, the rolled MWCNTs/Cu nanocomposites resulted in lower electrical resistance than the hot pressed MWCNTs/Cu nanocomposites.

Development of Al 6061 MWCNT MMC processed by Multi-Directional Forging

Al 6061 alloys are benchmarked in aircraft industries due to its remarkable weight to strength ratio, the advancement in this alloys trends exponentially increases. In the present work, Al 6061 metal matrix composite (MMC) is prepared with 2 wt% multi walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) reinforcement by stir casting process. After stir casting, the cast material is heat-treated at 555 °C for 8 h, followed by air cooling. The heat-treated material is processed in multi-directional forging (MDF) technique at 200 °C. To study the effect of adding MWCNT reinforcement material to Al 6061 alloy, microstructure study is carried out in scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hardness test is conducted. Also, to study the effect of MDF technique on Al 6061 reinforced with MWCNT microstructural characterization and hardness test is conducted. Increased hardness is noticed after MWCNT reinforcement compared to Al 6061 alloy without reinforcement. Also, MDF processing improved the hardness of the reinforced Al 6061 with MWCNT

Assessment and effect of reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Ni-Al2O3 and Ni-SiC nanocomposite coatings using pulse reverse electrodeposition technique

The nanocomposite coating provides a higher degree of corrosion resistance, microhardness, wear resistance and significantly improves the tribological qualities of the base metal. This research work is aimed at investigating the effect of the proportion of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) mixed with Ni-Al2O3 and Ni-SiC nanocomposite coatings on a mild steel AISI 1018 specimen against its tribological characteristics through experimental investigation. The pulse reverse electro deposition technique is deployed for coating formulation with optimized coating parameters. The proportions of carbon nanotubes vary in three different ratios ranging from 1:1 to 2 :1. Tribological characteristics (microhardness and surface morphology) are assessed using a Vickers microhardness testing machine and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nine different coating combinations are considered in this study and their tribological attributes are compared with the un-coated sample. From the results, it can be observed that the samples coated with Al2O3 nanoparticles reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess excellent magnitudes of micro-hardness in comparison with the uncoated and SiC-CNT coated samples with an enhancement factor of 2.88 and 1.37, respectively. Moreover, the variation of the CNT proportion in the coating blend has the tleast significant effect and therefore, addition of CNT particles beyond the blend ratio of 1:1 may be avoided to reduce the coating cost of samples significantly. Also, SEM images clearly reveal a uniform coating distribution owing to the application of optimized coating parameters. .

Impact response of nanoparticle reinforced 3D woven spacer/epoxy composites at cryogenic temperatures

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites serving in harsh conditions must maintain their performance during their entire service. The cryogenic impact is one of the most unpredictable loading types, leading to catastrophic failures of composite structures. This study aims to examine the low-velocity impact (LVI) performance of 3D woven spacer glass-epoxy composite experimentally under cryogenic temperatures. LVI tests were conducted under various temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to −196°C. Experimental results reveal that the 3D composites gradually absorbed higher impact energies with decreasing temperature. Besides, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube and SiO2 nanofiller reinforcements of the matrix on the impact performance and the damage characteristics were further assessed. Nanofiller modification enhanced the impact resistance up to 30%, especially at RT. However, the nanofiller efficiency declined with decreasing temperature. The apparent damages were visually examined by scanning electron microscopy to address the damage formation. Significant outcomes have been achieved with the nanofiller modification regarding the new usage areas of 3D woven composites.